具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

氢键链中的快模与慢模孤子偶

在氢键链二分量模型中,研究质子子晶格和重离子子晶格相互作用项中同时含有非线性耦合和线性耦合两部分的系统,得取快模孤子偶和慢模孤子偶对,对于慢模反子而言,非线性耦合降低了质子子晶格中孤子的有效质量,而线性耦合增加了质子子晶格中孤子的有效质量,对于快模孤子而言,情况正好相反。     

“生态型”产业集群的构建

"生态型"产业集群是"促进人类与自然和谐"的产业发展模式,也是实现可持续发展的最有效途径。根据物质流动的结构方式,"生态型"产业集群可划分为围绕核心企业的依托型、多企业平等共生型和循环"食物链"型等。生态产业集群的构建不仅涉及区域功能定位、产业共生与生态建设,还涉及政策法规、价值观念及人文环境等的根本转变。构建生态产业集群,需要作出正确的路径选择与制度安排。     

竞技游泳项目临赛准备活动模式调查研究

通过对53名优秀游泳运动员进行问卷调查,了解优秀游泳运动员赛前生理、心理准备活动方法、步骤、时间、次数、强度等,尝试归纳总结游泳临赛前准备活动模式。结果显示:我国优秀游泳运动员准备活动模式相对固定,差异不大,但会在特殊情况下做出细微调整;游泳赛前准备活动模式包括赛前一晚制定比赛行为活动程序、比赛当天起床后的热身活动、陆上身体活动、临赛前水上活动、水上活动与比赛间隔及心理准备活动、检录前后的再活动、上出发台前的活动等;临赛前水上准备包括专项技术、生理机能调动、绝对强度和技战术部分;常用方法包括适应性热身游、主项技术游、上肢与下肢练习、主项强度游、短冲、比赛细节练习与整理放松等;临赛前心理准备活动方法包括呼吸调节、注意集中、表象演练、自我谈话等。     

一种基于Linux系统改进实时性的研究

针对Linux在实时性的先天缺陷,本文通过对Linux系统实时性不强原因的分析,提出采用动态优先权调度算法及单次触发方式对其实时性能进行改进,利用回馈和设定阈值法解决系统中进程调换频率过高致使实时性能下降问题。采用单次触发方式实现对系统的时钟粒度细化。实验测试结果表明,改进后Linux实时性得到提高,达到了预想效果。     

关于模态综合法模态函数选择和计算精度的研究

为了提高模态综合法的综合效率和计算精度,对系统分部的划分、模态函数的选择和系统自由度数的确定作了研究.并重点放在选用幂级数作为分部形态函数时对系统计算精度的影响方面.     

S7-200 PLC与PC间的串口通信

本文介绍了S7-200 PLC的自由口通信模式及其设置,以及基于VB6.0的PLC与PC间的串口通信.     

S7-200 PLC与PC间的串口通信

本文介绍了S7-200 PLC的自由口通信模式及其设置,以及基于VB6.0的PLC与PC间的串口通信.     

用FDTD分析部分介质填充同轴传输线的截止频率

介绍用二维时域有限差分法(2D-FDTD)分析波导本征值问题的基本原理和计算过程,实例计算了T形分割矩形波导和同轴矩形波导的截止波数,并与文献值进行了比较,其结果与文献报道值吻合的较好,表明方法的有效性.计算了内十字形外矩形截面的方形同轴电缆线的高阶模式的截止频率,获得内十字形外矩形截面的方形同轴电缆线添加部分介质后的归一化截止频率谱图,并给出了其填充介质后各主模式的截止频率.     

IEC60870-1-101规约的VB程序实现

介绍了Windows环境下,利用Visual Basic 6.0与串行通信控件MSComm结合实现IEC60870-1-101规约的方法,给出了实现IEC60870-1-101规约的全过程,即首先利用串行通信控件MSComm接收、发送IEC60870-1-101规约报文;然后利用Visual Basic 6.0编制的软件程序分析、转化报文,获得报文中传送的遥测、遥信值以及这些数值所对应的地址;最后将这些遥测、遥信值和地址储存在Access数据库中,利用ADO Data控件在程序中显示,并可以文本形式输出。在实际环境下运行证明该方法新颖有效,可以为检修维护人员提供检测与监控通信系统的工作平台。     

试论县级公共图书馆的发展与对策

简要论述了未来县级公共图书馆的发展模式，针对目前县级公共图书馆现状与存在的问题，提出了县级公共图书馆发展的对策。