微型燃气轮机叶轮内流动的研究

对Honeywell Parralon 75型微型燃气轮机的压气机与向心透平叶轮内的流动进行了数值研究，该机为单轴单级，压比为4／1，流量为0．68kg／s．计算方法基于Jameson格式，湍流模型选择Baldwin-Lomax模型．计算结果为分析叶轮流道内二次流的形成与发展提供了详细的流动结构．压气机叶轮采用分流叶片，可以延缓横向二次流的发展，降低叶片吸力面扩压程度，减小叶轮出口尾迹的强度与范围，对提高叶轮效率起到决定性的作用．透平叶轮流道内部的损失区主要集中在吸力面一侧，叶顶间隙的泄漏流动使得吸力面与叶顶间的角隅区的损失有明显加大，控制叶轮的径向间隙对控制流动损失有明显作用．     

海洋温差能发电透平设计及性能影响

 通过对海洋温差能发电向心透平气动部分进行设计,对其气动性能及喷嘴的影响进行模拟研究。采用经验参数和遗传算法对其进行一维参数设计,并通过三维造型得到透平气动模型。采用计算流体动力学（CFD）技术对透平的三维流场和性能进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在设计工况下透平的气动效率达到86.5%。在此基础上,对设计工况下的喷嘴-叶轮径向间隙和喷嘴叶片安装角进行分析,得到喷嘴-叶轮相对径向间隙为0.04左右,可变喷嘴安装角约为37°时,透平的效率最高。因此,在设计工况下,可通过对喷嘴-叶轮径向间隙和喷嘴安装角进行微调来得到更高的透平效率;在非设计工况下,可采用可调喷嘴来适应不同工况下的流动,使得透平在不同工况下均有较好的工作性能。     

微型向心透平级速比与DN值的最优选择

基于向心透平轮周效率的表达式,利用解析法分析了微型向心透平级速比和反动度的匹配关系,研究了关键参数变化对匹配结果的影响,对从级速比派生出的叶轮进口直径与转速的乘积值(DN值)这一参数进行了选取分析.结果表明:在向心透平设计时,级速比必须与反动度进行匹配选择,单纯选择级速比不能使向心透平具有较高的轮周效率;对于不同的微型向心透平叶轮结构,级速比选取范围不同,径向一轴流式为0.64～0.72,纯径向式为0.72～0.80,级速比为0.72可作为这两种叶轮结构形式选择时的分界点;叶轮DN值能直接反映出叶轮材料、结构形式、设计工况、叶轮尺寸以及轴承轴系等因素,这些因素直接关系向心透平能否实现微型化,因此叶轮DN值是一个高度集中的参数,在微型向心透平设计中可替代级速比.     

离心压气机流场的数值分析研究

以某离心压气机叶轮为基础,通过反设计形成的几何模型,采用kω湍流模型计算流场的湍流效应,对微型的离心压气机流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:采用大小叶片技术的叶轮在较宽的工作范围内有很好的性能,入口攻角增大以及叶尖间隙二次流与压气机叶轮流场的失速有直接的关系。     

离心叶轮几何形变对气动性能的影响

将数值流场分析方法与有限元方法相结合,利用流固耦合技术,由黏性流场分析得到流场的压力分布,并将其作为气动栽荷施加于叶片表面进行应力应变分析.再对叶轮施加离心力载荷,分析离心叶轮叶片的变形情况,从结果中提取网格结点变形量,对叶片坐标进行修正得到工作状态下叶片的型线,并再次进行流场分析.为研究叶轮工作状态下叶顶间隙的变化对叶轮性能的影响,在固定转速下分别计算了3种叶顶间隙分布情况下的叶轮性能.研究表明:气动栽荷下的叶片形变量仅占总体载荷下形变量的1%到3%左右,工作状态下叶片最大形变位置为叶顶叶尖;变形的叶根与叶顶向轮盖靠近,造成叶顶间隙减小;在叶顶间隙为0.5 mm时,叶轮出口间隙减小量最大达到原间隙的50%;由于叶顶间隙以及叶片型线的变化,使得离心叶轮等熵效率在小流量时下降0.9%～1.8%.     

微型燃气轮机向心透平导向器的流场分析与设计研究

对微型燃气轮机向心透平导向器叶片型线的设计原则进行了探讨,设计出了5种尾缘厚度的导向器叶片,并分别对其通道流场进行了全三维黏性数值模拟.研究结果表明:以该型线设计原则设计出的高亚音速向心透平导向器叶片具有较高的流动效率,并且可以有效减小向心透平的径向尺寸;尾缘相对厚度对导向器叶片流动特性及效率影响较大,尾缘相对厚度每增加1%.叶轮进口气流角将减小约0.03°,速度系数将降低约0.1%.考虑到目前高温合金精密铸造的工艺水平,导向器叶片尾缘厚度取0.6~1.0 mm、尾缘相对厚度小于15%可以获得较高的气动性能.     

基于泵内纸浆悬浮液数值计算的纸浆泵设计

在由吸水室、前盖板、半开叶轮和涡壳组成的过流部件内，对纸浆悬浮液的流动进行了三维不可压两相湍流流动计算．计算采用双流体模型及κ-ε湍流模型，Phase Coupled SIMPLE算法进行压力速度耦合计算．根据计算结果，对两相流动的速度、压力及体积分数进行了对比和分析研究．发现在叶轮叶片数较少的情况下，叶轮流道内速度变化不均匀．并着重对前盖板与叶轮间隙内的流动进行了分析，揭示了半开式叶轮输送两相流介质的优点所在．该计算结果为建立少叶片半开式叶轮纸浆泵的设计方法提供了理论依据．根据新的设计方法设计出的纸浆泵，效率经检测高出国家标准17．5％．     

透平动叶顶部间隙流的表现形式及其对透平性能的影响

以Aachen一级半轴流透平为研究对象,采用数值模拟手段对不同动叶顶部间隙情况下的间隙流进行了分析,研究了间隙流和间隙涡的形成、发展形式及其对透平性能的影响.以三维流线及极限流线为手段,分析了不同间隙尺寸下动叶顶部的间隙流及间隙涡在形成和发展趋势上的区别,以及动叶顶部总压损失区向下游发展时其变化形式的区别.研究表明:随着动叶顶部间隙值的增加,透平的等熵效率近似呈线性趋势减小;间隙涡的产生位置提前,强度逐渐增大,损失也随之增大;动叶顶部的高损失区域位置和范围发生变化,通道涡被破坏,高损失区向压力面迁移,并远离端壁.     

带叶顶间隙轴流转子三维流动的数值模拟

由于叶顶间隙的存在，使得叶片顶部的流动呈现复杂的三维流动。转子相对机匣的运动使得很难对其内部流场进行精确测量。文中采用CFX—Tascflow软件平台，对带叶顶间隙的轴流转子进行三维粘性流场的数值计算。数值计算的结果与实验测量的性能曲线较为吻合。基于数值计算，给出了叶顶泄漏流动的空阎三维结构，分析了叶顶泄漏流卷曲形成叶顶泄漏涡的过程，揭示了轴流转子叶顶泄漏流动基本特点，有助于改进和提高叶轮机械的设计水平。     

半开式离心压气机叶轮三维湍流场数值分析

采用时均Ｎ－Ｓ方程、能量方程、连续性方程、理想气体状态方程及考虑压缩性修正的ｋ－ε双方程湍流模式，计算分析了高速离心式压气机半开式叶轮内部流场．在网格构造中将叶顶间隙及叶道作为独立的网格块处理，克服了以往此类研究中关于叶顶间隙流模拟方面的近似处理．计算是在考虑叶顶实际间隙及零间隙近似两种情况下进行，以研究叶顶间隙流对叶轮内部流动的影响．研究结果表明，当精确地模化叶顶间隙流动后，不仅可很好地预示叶轮内部的重要流动特征，而且计算的子午平均速度及相对气流角亦与测量值符合良好．相反，在零间隙的近似处理下，计算结果与实测值相差甚远，特别是在叶轮的后半部分．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that