高铌高磷GH4169 C和GH4169合金的组织稳定性

为研究高铌高磷GH4169C高温合金在高温长期时效过程中的组织稳定性,通过场发射扫描电镜和数显布氏硬度计对GH4169和GH4169C两合金分别经600、650、704及720℃时效30~10000 h的显微组织和硬度变化进行对比分析。结果表明：在服役温度(650℃)范围内长期时效,GH4169合金和GH4169C合金均表现优异的稳定性;在服役温度以上长期时效, GH4169合金和GH4169C合金稳定性较差,短时间内,合金组织就出现失稳。对比而言,704℃时GH4169C合金组织稳定性较GH4169合金高,而720℃时GH4169C合金组织稳定性劣于GH4169合金。分析认为,GH4169C合金由于提高Nb含量和P含量使的γ＇相稳定性增加,得以在服役温度以上(704℃)表现比GH4169合金更为优异的组织稳定性,但Nb含量的提高也引起啄相含量的增加,导致组织稳定性下降。在超高温(720℃)下,GH4169C 合金稳定性劣于 GH4169合金。由此推知,相比GH4169合金,改型GH4169C合金在使用温度上有所提高,但提高有限,在超高温下,其稳定性反而降低。     

纳米多晶强化K4169合金的组织和力学性能

采用手工电弧炉熔炼、水冷铜模冷却制备了K4169合金.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对铸态及标准热处理态合金的组织进行了研究,并对标准热处理态合金的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明:铸态K4169合金为非晶-纳米晶材料,晶内析出相非常细小,小于10 nm;合金经标准热处理后,γ″相和γ′相以纳米多晶的形式析出;由于纳米多晶的强化作用,合金的断裂强度σ_b达到了1 203.91 MPa,屈服强度σ_0.2为818.93MPa,延伸率δ为16.8 %,硬度则达到了112.4 HRB,合金拉伸断口特征符合韧性断裂机制.     

Low cycle fatigue behavior of micro-grain casting K4169 superalloy at room temperature

The strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests were carried out at 298 K for the newly developed micro-grain casting K4169 superalloy,and the cyclic stress response,deformation and fracture behaviors of the alloy were studied.The results show that the fatigue life of the alloy was increased by more than two times compared with other casting K4169 alloys.This can be partly attributed to grain refinement impeding crack initiation and propagation.When the strain amplitude was in plastic range(Δε     

Tuning microstructure,transformation behavior,mechanical/functional properties of Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy by doping quaternary rare earth Y

The microstructure features, martensitic transformation behavior and mechanical/functional properties of Ti–V–Al alloy were tailored by changing rare element Y content in the present investigation. The results showed that Y doping resulted in the grain refinement and formation of Y-rich phase mainly distributing along grain boundary in Ti–V–Al alloys. The martensitic transformation temperatures of Ti–V–Al alloys slightly increased due to the variation of matrix composition induced by the presence of Y-rich phase. The mechanical and functional properties of Ti–V–Al alloys doped moderate Y addition were significantly improved, which can be ascribed to grain refinement, solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The 1.0 at.%Y-doped Ti–V–Al alloy exhibited the highest ultimate tensile stress of 912 MPa and largest elongation of 17.68%. In addition, it was found that the maximum recoverable strain of 5.42% can be obtained in Ti–V–Al alloy with adding 1.0 at.%Y,under the pre-strain of 6% condition, which is enhanced by approximate 0.6% than that of Ti–V–Al alloy without Y addition.     

挤压工艺对可生物降解 Mg–5Zn–1.5Y 镁合金显微组织及力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

本研究分析了挤压温度和挤压比对 Mg–5Zn–1.5Y 合金的显微组织、硬度、压缩和腐蚀行为的影响。显微组织观察表明，铸造合金由α-Mg晶粒和Mg₃Zn₆Y和Mg₃Zn₃Y₂金属间化合物组成，主要位于α-Mg晶界上。较高温度下的挤压合金显示出较粗的晶粒微观结构，而以较高比率挤压的合金含有较细的微观结构，尽管在两种条件下都测量到具有较低金属间化合物的更多动态再结晶晶粒。较低温度 (340°C) 和较高比率 (1:11.5) 的组合条件提供了较高的抗压强度。然而，没有实现显着的硬度改善。挤压工艺可以降低铸造合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀率超过 80%，这主要是由于细化了微观结构。与挤压比相比，挤压温度对耐腐蚀性能的影响更为显着，挤压温度越高，耐腐蚀性能越高。     

激光标刻对GH4169合金疲劳性能的影响

激光标刻是航空制造领域中常用的标刻手段,为进一步加强航空工业中标刻工艺使用的规范性,提高飞机整体和关键零部件的可靠性,本文采用激光技术对GH4169合金进行标刻处理,研究了激光标刻后GH4169合金的高周疲劳性能和断裂机理。结果表明,激光标刻中值疲劳寿命为37×103 cyc,与未标刻试样相比,激光标刻处理后疲劳寿命下降了83%。激光标刻处理后,标刻处存在激光重熔层改变应力状态,缺口底端呈尖锐状,应力集中程度较高。与未标刻试样单一裂纹源相比,疲劳萌生区由多个裂纹源共同组成,扩展区初期阶段的疲劳条纹间距变大,多源裂纹在疲劳扩展区汇合后出现台阶状和脊状形态,共同作用下导致激光标刻处理后GH4169合金疲劳寿命大幅降低。     

Coarsening behavior of γ′ and γ″ phases in GH4169 superalloy by electric field treatment

The coarsening behaviors of γ′ and γ″ phases in GH4169 alloy aged at 1023 and 1073 K with electric field treatment (EFT) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). It is demonstrated that precipitation coarsening occurs, and the growth activation energies of γ′ and γ″ phases can be decreased to 115.6 and 198.1 kJ·mol?1, respectively, by applying the electric field. The formation of a large number of vacancies in the matrix is induced by EFT. Due to the occurrence of vacancy migration, the diffusion coefficients of Al and Nb atoms are increased to be 1.6–5.0 times larger than those without EFT at 1023 or 1073 K. Furthermore, the formation of vacancy clusters is promoted by EFT, and the increase in strain energy for the coarsening of γ′ and γ″ phases can be counterbalanced by the formation of vacancy clusters.     

GH4169合金环锻件残余应力超声检测

GH4169合金环锻件在新型航空和航天发动机中起着重要作用,残余应力对机械制造过程有着重要的影响。对GH4169制压气机四级盘的整体应力分布进行了超声临界折射纵波(longitudinal critical refracted wave,LCR波)测量,并将该应力分布情况与仿真模拟应力结构图进行对比,结果基本一致,验证了超声LCR波应力检测的准确性。结论表示该类环锻件模锻后存在较大的周向拉应力,该应力的存在会导致该零件的疲劳强度大幅度降低,使用寿命大幅度减少。针对该类问题,通过超声LCR波测量该GH4169制压气机盘喷丸前后应力的变化,试验结果可知,喷丸强化会重塑GH4169环锻件残余应力场,降低其周向拉应力,其行为会有效提高该零件的疲劳强度和使用寿命。超声检测结果误差在10%以内,验证了GH4169环锻件超声LCR波法检测的实用性与可靠性。     

GH4169合金管材正挤压工艺优化的数值模拟

结合GH4169在不同温度、应变速率下的真应力-应变曲线,应用Msc.Superform有限元软件对GH4169合金管材正挤压进行了数值模拟,系统分析讨论不同挤压参数对挤压过程的影响.结果表明:GH4169合金管材可以通过热正挤压成形,当挤压速度为100 mm.s-1和300 mm.s-1,模角为20～30°,坯料预热温度为1040～1 050℃时,以及在良好的润滑条件下可以获得优化可控的挤压工艺.     

Solute atom migration in GH4169 superalloy under electrostatic fields

Electric field treatment (EFT) was applied on GH4169 alloy during aging at 500–800℃ to investigate the microstructure and property variation of the alloy under the action of EFT. The results demonstrate that the short-distance diffusion of Al, Ti, and Nb atoms can be accelerated by EFT, which results in the coarsening of γ′ and γ″ phases. Meanwhile, lattice distortion can be caused by the segregation of Fe and Cr atoms, owing to the vacancy flows migrating toward the charged surfaces of the alloy. Therefore, the alloy is hardened by the application of EFT, even if the strength of the alloy is partly reduced, which is caused by precipitation coarsening.     

基于石墨烯强化MQL的GH4169合金铣削表面质量研究

为了改善GH4169合金铣削加工的表面质量,基于微量润滑(MQL)技术,将石墨烯纳米粒子添加到植物油基切削液中以强化其冷却润滑性能.结合正交试验方案,采用极差分析和方差分析方法,研究了MQL参数(石墨烯质量分数、切削液流量、气体压强)对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并得到了最优的参数组合.研究结果表明,石墨烯质量分数对GH4169合金铣削加工表面粗糙度的影响是最显著的,其次是气体压强,最后是切削液流量;同时,最优的表面粗糙度为0.406μm,最优参数组合为石墨烯质量分数0.1%,切削液流量60mL/h,气体压强0.6MPa;适当的MQL参数可以显著地改善切削区的冷却润滑状态,从而改善表面质量,降低表面粗糙度.     

铸态Mg-2Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xY镁合金组织及力学性能

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射分析(XRD)及力学性能测试等手段,研究不同含量稀土元素Y(4%,6%,8%,质量分数)对Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4%Zr镁合金铸态显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4%Zr镁合金中添加Y可以明显细化合金晶粒,其中加入6%Y时效果最佳;合金晶粒粒径由100μm细化至35μm。未添加稀土元素的Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4Zr铸态合金中主要存在Mg12Nd相;加入稀土元素Y后,Nd和Y分别以Mg41Nd5和Mg24Y5化合物形式存在,合金的力学性能得到提高。其中加入6%Y的合金综合力学性能最好,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高至245 MPa和150 MPa,而伸长率大幅提高至16%,较未加稀土元素Y的合金提高191%;当Y含量达到8%时,合金综合力学性能下降。     

残余应力与拘束对GH4169合金疲劳及蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响研究

为深入理解残余应力与拘束在疲劳载荷下的交互作用,以镍基高温合金GH4169为研究对象,选用紧凑拉伸(CT)试样,对不同拘束CT试样的上方施加不同大小的预加载荷从而在裂尖产生不同应力。将该应力作为残余应力,系统研究残余应力和拘束交互作用下GH4169合金的疲劳和蠕变–疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明：随着裂尖残余压应力的增加,不同拘束下GH4169合金的疲劳和蠕变–疲劳裂纹扩展速率均降低。与低拘束试样相比,高拘束试样的疲劳和蠕变–疲劳裂纹扩展速率对残余应力的变化更加敏感,这主要与裂尖Mises应力和垂直于裂纹扩展方向的正应力有关。与疲劳裂纹扩展速率相比,蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展速率对残余应力的变化更加敏感。     

稀土Y对挤压态Mg-5Li合金组织及性能的影响

采用表面覆盖剂及氩气保护的熔炼方法制备了Mg-5Li-x Y(x=0,1,2,3,4)合金,研究了稀土元素Y对挤压态Mg-5Li合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,Mg-5Li合金中的Y元素主要是以稀土化合物Mg24Y5的形式存在于合金中;挤压变形后,合金发生了明显的动态再结晶,出现了大量的等轴晶,弥散分布的Mg24Y5相阻碍了动态再结晶过程中的晶粒长大,晶粒明显细化.挤压态Mg-5Li-3Y合金获得了优异的力学性能,其抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别达到了231.63 MPa和9.35%,合金断裂方式主要为韧性断裂.     

Influence of stacking fault energy on formation of long period stacking ordered structures in Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloys

The influence of alloying elements on the stacking fault energy (SFE) of Mg–Y–Zn–Zr alloys was calculated by using first-principles, and the microstructure of as-cast Mg-1.05Y-0.79Zn-0.07Zr (mole fraction, %) alloy prepared by conventional casting was investigated by SEM, TEM and HRTEM. The block-like long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, the lamellar LPSO phase and stacking faults were observed simultaneously and the lamellar LPSO structure and stacking faults were both formed on (0001)_α-Mg habit plane and grown or extended along [01i0]_α-Mg direction. The calculation results by the first-principles showed that the addition of Y can sharply decrease the stacking fault energy of the Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloy, while Zn slightly increases the stacking fault energy of the alloy. The influence of stacking fault energy on the formation of LPSO was discussed. It shows that LPSO may nucleate directly through stacking faults and the lower stacking fault energy was in favor of formation of LPSO.     

稀土Y对Al-8%Mn合金微观组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针和X射线衍射仪,研究了Al-8%Mn合金熔体中添加稀土Y质量分数对合金微观组织的作用机制,并分析了稀土Y添加量对合金力学性能和耐蚀性能的影响规律.结果表明:稀土Y能有效细化Al-8%Mn合金中的Al₆Mn化合物相和α-Al相.当Y的添加质量分数为3%时,细化效果最佳,使Al₆Mn相的形貌由粗大板条状和块状转变为细小块状,平均尺寸由未细化前的67.4 μm减小到36.5 μm,α-Al由粗大的柱状晶细化成等轴晶,其平均尺寸减小至48 μm.稀土Y添加后Al-8%Mn合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别由组织未细化前的126 MPa和1.47%增加到141 MPa和2.26%,分别提高了12.0%和76.9%.此外,在30 g NaCl+10 mL HCl+1 L H₂O溶液中的腐蚀研究表明,随着Al-8%Mn合金中稀土Y添加量的增加,合金的抗蚀性能逐渐变差.     

静电场时效处理温度对GH4169合金点缺陷的影响

将静电场时效处理应用于GH4169镍基高温合金,以研究静电场对合金内部点缺陷的影响.结果表明:500℃无电场时效处理所提供的能量不足以使一些处在正常点阵位置上的原子跳出能垒而形成新的单空位,但可促进大量处于畸变位置上和邻近空位的原子实现再次的跃迁.强静电场的施加使合金内部不带电原子产生梯度力,加速了原子的振动.在600,700和800℃时效20 h过程中施加8 kV/cm强静电场,其平均正电子湮没寿命提高6%~7%,增大了合金内部平均空位尺寸.     

AlCrN涂层硬质合金切削高温合金耐用度对比实验

采用新型涂层AlCrN硬质合金,并同时采用无涂层YW1和TiAlN涂层硬质合金作为对比实验的刀具材料,对变形镍基高温合金GH4169进行车削刀具磨损的系列实验研究.借助光学显微镜、电子扫描显微镜与能谱探针等工具,建立刀具寿命T-v公式,以刀具耐用度为评价指标,对刀具的磨损形态、磨损机理以及此类新型涂层(AlCrN)刀具对应于镍基高温合金的切削性能进行了分析.研究表明,干切削镍基高温合金,AlCrN涂层硬质合金的性能优于当前主流应用的刀具涂层(TiAlN)刀具.其失效形式主要表现为:后刀面磨损和主切削刃微崩刃.前刀面的磨损程度相对较低.其磨损机理为:高温高应力条件下的扩散、氧化磨损与黏接的综合作用.     

四川晾晒烟不同品种间钾含量及钾利用效率研究

为研究四川晾晒烟叶片中钾含量及利用效率,对50份晾晒烟的幼叶和成熟叶片中钾含量进行测定,分析了50份四川晾晒烟的钾效率差异.结果表明:50份材料中有4个品种的钾积累效率大于2.0%,分别为Y1立耳子(2.91%)、Y2二柳叶(2.42%)、Y3黑牛皮(2.23%)、Y4黑牛皮(2.19%),在这4个品种中钾利用效率高于平均值9.89g的有2个品种,即Y1立耳子、Y3黑牛皮,这2个品种为钾积累和利用高效型品种.本研究为晾晒烟的高钾育种提供了理论依据.     

In vitro corrosion of Mg–1.21Li –1.12Ca –1Y alloy

The influence of the microstructure on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the Mg–1.21Li–1.12Ca–1Y alloy was investigated using OM, SEM, XRD, EPMA, EDS, tensile tests and corrosion measurements. The results demonstrated that the microstructure of the Mg–1.21Li–1.12Ca–1Y alloy was characterized by α-Mg substrate and intermetallic compounds Mg2 Ca and Mg24Y5. Most of the fine Mg2 Ca particles for the as-cast alloy were distributed along the grain boundaries, while for the as-extruded along the extrusion direction. The Mg24Y5 particles with a larger size than the Mg2 Ca particles were positioned inside the grains. The mechanical properties of Mg–1.21Li–1.12Ca–1Y alloy were improved by the grain refinement and dispersion strengthening. Corrosion pits initiated at the α-Mg matrix neighboring the Mg2 Ca particles and subsequently the alloy exhibited general corrosion and filiform corrosion as the corrosion product layer of Mg(OH)2and Mg CO3 became compact and thick.