铝基复合材料的瞬间液相扩散连接试验

分别采用Cu箔和Cu膜作为中间层,在853 K保温情况下进行了S iC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的瞬间液相扩散连接试验.用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和拉伸试验机研究了表面状态、保温时间和压力对接头显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明:合适的压力和中间层厚度能有效改善接头的组织和力学性能,接头剪切强度随保温时间延长而提高.表面状态对接头强度有较大影响.采用Cu膜作中间层由于没有氧化膜的影响,可以获得更好的接头性能,在加2 M Pa压力,853 K保温120 m in连接时接头剪切强度可达169.1 M Pa,约为母材强度的81.7%.     

6082铝合金摩擦塞补焊接头焊核区晶体特征

为降低对设备要求,在填充式搅拌摩擦焊匙孔修复技术的基础上,采用摩擦辅助加热的方法对6082铝合金匙孔类体积型缺陷进行了摩擦塞补焊试验,得到了成形良好的塞补焊接头.对接头焊核区进行EBSD分析.结果表明:晶粒细化显著,存在明显择优取向.塞棒转速由1 800 r/min增加至2 000 r/min,晶粒形状由等轴晶转变为线锤状,平均晶粒尺寸增大,大角度晶界组分略有降低;焊核区存在变形、剪切及再结晶混合织构,再结晶织构组分随转速增加而增加,由速度增加对变形速率产生的影响降低,相应地由速度增加对再结晶所产生的影响被强化.     

深冷处理对5A06铝合金FSW接头组织和力学性能的影响

为了避免铝合金焊接接头软化,提升接头力学性能,采用FSW对5A06铝合金进行对接试验,在转速为1 200 r/min、焊速为150 mm/min的条件下,将焊接接头加工成一定尺寸的金相试样和拉伸试样,研究深冷处理时间对5A06铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能的影响规律,采用显微组织观察试验、显微硬度试验和拉伸试验等方法,对接头组织和力学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明：深冷处理具有细化晶粒、促进析出相析出的作用,提高了接头力学性能;经过12 h深冷处理后,接头的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到385.3 MPa和17.2%,与未经深冷处理的接头相比,分别提高了7.4%和23.7%。因此,深冷处理可以有效提升铝合金焊接接头的力学性能,为其更广泛的应用提供了理论基础和技术参考。     

电沉积制备铁-镍-铬纳米晶合金箔工艺的正交设计

运用正交设计研究影响电沉积铁-镍-铬合金箔质量的主要工艺因素, 分析电流密度、溶液温度和溶液的pH值等各因素对合金成分和电流效率的影响, 通过综合评分的方法确定最佳工艺条件, 并对最佳工艺条件下获得的合金箔材的微观形貌、结构、物理和化学性能进行研究.研究结果表明: 制备的合金箔材成分为60%～65?, 34%～36%Ni, 1%～2%Cr, 厚度均匀, 表面光滑, 结晶细致. 扫描电镜观察和X衍射结果表明: 其晶粒尺寸在纳米范围内, 合金箔的抗拉强度和延展率分别为658 MPa和6%以上, 电阻率超过90 μΩ·cm, 磁感应强度为1.25 T, 最大导磁率为1.096×10-2 H·m-1, 矫顽力为357.53 A·m-1;箔材具有优异的耐腐蚀性能.     

Friction-stir-welded overaged 7020-T6 alloy joint: an investigation on the effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties

Commercial A7020-T6 plates in the overaged state were subjected to friction stir welding with four different tool rotational speeds of 500, 710, 1000, and 1400 r/min and a single traverse feed rate of 40 mm/min. The resultant changes in the welding heat input, microstructure, and the mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. The changes were related to the processes of growth, dissolution, and re-formation of precipitates. The precipitate evolution was examined by differential scanning calorimetry, and the microstructural analysis was conducted using optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The results showed that the grain size in the stirred zone(SZ) decreased substantially compared with the base metal, but increased with tool rotational speed because of the rise in temperature. We found that the width of the heat-affected zone increased with tool rotational speed. The hardness and the tensile strength in the SZ increased with increasing heat input compared with the base metal in the overaged condition. This recovery in mechanical properties of the joints can be attributed to the dissolution and re-formation of precipitates in the SZ and the thermomechanically affected zone. This process is referred to as an "auto-aging treatment."     

Cu-Zn-Al2O3 nanocomposites:study of microstructure,corrosion,and wear properties

Alumina nanoparticles were added to a Cu-Zn alloy to investigate their effect on the microstructural, tribological, and corrosion properties of the prepared alloys. Alloying was performed using a mixture of copper and zinc powders with 0vol% and 5vol% of α-Al nanopowder in a satellite ball mill. The results showed that the Cu-Zn solid solution formed after 18 h of mechanical alloying. The mechanically alloyed powder was compacted followed by sintering of the obtained green compacts at 750℃ for 30 min. Alumina nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the matrix of the Cu-Zn alloy. The tribological properties were evaluated by pin-on-disk wear tests, which revealed that, upon the addition of alumina nanoparticles, the coefficient of friction and the wear rate were reduced to 20% and 40%, respectively. The corrosion properties of the samples exposed to a 3.5wt% NaCl solution were studied using the immersion and potentiodynamic polarization methods, which revealed that the addition of alumina nanoparticles reduced the corrosion current of the nanocomposite by 90%.     

6mm厚货车用铝合金板摩擦搅拌焊试验研究

摩擦搅拌焊技术已成为铝合金焊接的重要手段。针对5052和6061-T6两种6 mm厚铁路货车使用的铝合金板材,采用摩擦搅拌焊设备进行焊接试验;并进行了相关检测,研究不同工艺参数对焊接质量的影响。结果表明:提高搅拌头的转速和降低焊接速度有利于降低设备的主轴轴向受力。在低转速时,摩擦搅拌焊的焊接质量较差,焊缝结构疏松,容易出现焊缝缺陷;当转速提高到1 200 r/min时,热输入能量适中,焊缝表面光滑明亮,表观质量良好。由焊缝表观可以发现,提高焊接进给速度后,焊缝表面光亮度下降,纹路变得明显,表面变得粗糙;在较高的搅拌头转速下以不同焊接速度进行焊接,其焊缝内部基本无可见缺陷,质量良好;在相同的搅拌头转速和焊接速度下,6061-T6铝合金板焊接过程中主轴压力略低于5052铝合金板。     

稀土对Zn-15Al合金组织和耐蚀性的影响

制备了一种稀土 Zn 1 5Al合金 ,并用人工海水浸泡合金进行了腐蚀实验 ,借助金相与扫描电镜观察其腐蚀形貌及组织变化情况 .结果表明 :适量稀土的加入可细化Zn 1 5Al合金的铸态组织 ,而对合金的耐蚀性能无显著改善 ;当微量Cu、Mg及稀土复合添加时可显著改善合金的耐蚀性能 .通过实验确定了Ce的最佳含量为 0 .1 % (质量分数 ) .     

Effect of welding process on the microstructure and properties of dissimilar weld joints between low alloy steel and duplex stainless steel

To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for duplex stainless steel (DSS) and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of dissimilar weld joints were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the chemical compositions in different zones were detected by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); the mechanical properties were measured by microhardness test, tensile test, and impact test; the corrosion behavior was evaluated by polarization curves. Obvious concentration gradients of Ni and Cr exist between the fusion boundary and the type II boundary, where the hardness is much higher. The impact toughness of weld metal by MIG welding is higher than that by TIG welding. The corrosion current density of TIG weld metal is higher than that of MIG weld metal in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion happens between low alloy steel and weld metal, revealing the weakness of low alloy steel in industrial service. The quality of joints produced by MIG welding is better than that by TIG welding in mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. MIG welding with the filler metal ER2009 is the suitable welding process for dissimilar metals jointing between UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel and low alloy steel in practical application.     

Effects of phosphorus addition on the properties of Sn-9Zn lead-free solder alloy

This article explores the effects of phosphorus addition on the wettability between Sn-9Zn solder alloy and Cu substrates, the oxidation behavior and the corrosion behavior of Sn-9Zn solder alloy. Spreading test was used to characterize the wettability of Sn-9Zn-xP solder alloys to Cu substrates. The oxidation and corrosion behaviors of Sn-9Zn-xP solder alloys were determined by means of weight gaining, and secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to analyze the oxygen content. The role and mechanism of P in the solder alloys were also discussed. It is found that the addition of P can significantly improve the wettability of the solder alloys. Incorporating P into Sn-9Zn solder alloy obviously decreases the oxygen content and enhances the oxidation and corrosion resistance. Microstructure observations show that an appropriate amount of P can greatly refine coarse rod-like Zn-rich phases in Sn-9Zn solder alloy.     

镁合金表面脉冲电沉积Zn过渡层的研究

采用电沉积方法在镁合金表面制备了一种环境友好型Zn过渡层.利用SEM、XRD研究了直流和脉冲电沉积方式对Zn过渡层形貌及微观结构的影响,采用电化学方法研究了Zn过渡层的耐蚀性.结果表明,Zn过渡层在镁合金表面电沉积Sn-Ni合金过程中是必不可少的.在相同的厚度下,脉冲电沉积方式的应用更有利于制备平整致密、无孔且耐蚀性高的Zn过渡层.只有以脉冲Zn为过渡层才能获得良好的后续Sn-Ni合金镀层.     

Effect of mold rotation on the bifilar electroslag remelting process

A novel electroslag furnace with a rotating mold was fabricated, and the effects of mold rotational speed on the electroslag remelting process were investigated. The results showed that the chemical element distribution in ingots became uniform and that their compact density increased when the mold rotational speed was increased from 0 to 28 r/min. These results were attributed to a reasonable mold speed, which resulted in a uniform temperature in the slag pool and scattered the metal droplets randomly in the metal pool. However, an excessive rotational speed caused deterioration of the solidification structure. When the mold rotational speeds was increased from 0 to 28 r/min, the size of Al₂O₃ inclusions in the electroslag ingot decreased from 4.4 to 1.9 μm. But the excessive mold rotational speed would decrease the ability of the electroslag remelting to remove the inclusions. The remelting speed gradually increased, which resulted in reduced power consumption with increasing mold rotational speed. This effect was attributed to accelerated heat exchange between the consumable electrode and the molten slag, which resulted from mold rotation. Nevertheless, when the rotational speed reached 28 r/min, the remelting speed did not change because of limitations of metal heat conduction. Mold rotation also improved the surface quality of the ingots by promoting a uniform temperature distribution in the slag pool.     

Metallographic structure,mechanical properties,and process parameter optimization of 5A06 joints formed by ultrasonic-assisted refill friction stir spot welding

Novel hybrid refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) assisted with ultrasonic oscillation was introduced to 5A06 aluminum alloy joints. The metallographic structure and mechanical properties of 5A06 aluminum alloy RFSSW joints formed without ultrasonic assistance and with lateral and longitudinal ultrasonic assistance were compared, and the ultrasonic-assisted RFSSW process parameters were optimized. The results show that compared with lateral ultrasonic oscillation, longitudinal ultrasonic oscillation strengthens the horizontal bonding ligament in the joint and has a stronger effect on the joint's shear strength. By contrast, lateral ultrasonic oscillation strengthens the vertical bonding ligament and is more effective in increasing the joint's tensile strength. The maximum shear strength of ultrasonic-assisted RFSSW 5A06 aluminum alloy joints is as high as 8761 N, and the maximum tensile strength is 3679 N when the joints are formed at a tool rotating speed of 2000 r/min, a welding time of 3.5 s, a penetration depth of 0.2 mm, and an axial pressure of 11 kN.     

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

异种材料胶铆混合接头力学性能与耐蚀性研究

为研究异种材料在不同连接方式下的失效特点和耐蚀性能,以碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fibre reinforced plastics, CFRP)/铝合金/钢为基板的单搭接接头为研究对象,对胶接、铆接和胶铆混合连接接头腐蚀前后的静态拉伸力学性能开展试验研究,揭示了胶铆接头的交互作用。对比分析了氯化钠浸泡前后接头的抗老化性能及胶黏剂的增强作用。结果表明：胶黏剂对铆接接头具有增强作用,且能够有效保护基板免受腐蚀,延缓混合接头力学性能衰退。     

Effects of solidifi cation cooling rate on the corrosion resistance of Mg – Zn–Ca alloy

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of solidification cooling rate on the corrosion resistance of an Mg–Zn–Ca alloy developed for biomedical applications. A wedge shaped copper mould was used to obtain different solidification cooling rates. Electrochemical and immersion tests were employed to measure the corrosion resistance of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy. It was found that increasing cooling rate resulted in a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the Mg–Zn–Ca alloy. The findings were explained in terms of solidification behaviour in association with the change in solubility of the alloying elements, microstructural homogeneity and refinement and chemical homogeneity as well as the increased cooling rates.     

Preparation, microstructure and degradation performance of biomedical magnesium alloy fine wires

With the development of new biodegradable Mg alloy implant devices, the potential applications of biomedical Mg alloy fine wires are realized and explored gradually. In this study, we prepared three kinds of Mg alloy fine wires containing 4 wt% RE(Gd/Y/Nd) and 0.4 wt% Zn with the diameter less than 0.4 μm through casting, hot extruding and multi-pass cold drawing combined with intermediated annealing process. Their microstructures, mechanical and degradation properties were investigated. In comparison with the corresponding as-extruded alloy, the final fine wire has significantly refined grain with an average size of 3–4 μm, and meanwhile shows higher yield strength but lower ductility at room temperature. The degradation tests results and surface morphologies observations indicate that Mg–4Gd–0.4Zn and Mg–4Nd–0.4Zn fine wires have similar good corrosion resistance and the uniform corrosion behavior in SBF solution. By contrast, Mg–4Y–0.4Zn fine wire shows a poor corrosion resistance and the pitting corrosion behavior.     

55%铝—锌—1.6%硅合金镀层的耐蚀性能

在盐雾试验（ＮＳＳ、ＡＳＳ）、曝气试验、浸泡试验和缝隙腐蚀试验的基础上,通过与锌镀层和铝镀层的对比,研究了５５％Ａｌ－Ｚｎ－１．６％Ｓｉ合金镀层的耐蚀性能．镀层中富锌相的存在,导致缝隙腐蚀中的自催化酸化闭塞电池难以形成,因而该镀层的耐缝隙腐蚀性能优于铝镀层;在其他试验条件下,由于镀层表面富铝相占较大面积,使得镀层的耐蚀性高于锌镀层,接近于铝镀层．钝化处理后各镀层耐蚀性均有显著提高．     

挤压工艺对可生物降解 Mg–5Zn–1.5Y 镁合金显微组织及力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

本研究分析了挤压温度和挤压比对 Mg–5Zn–1.5Y 合金的显微组织、硬度、压缩和腐蚀行为的影响。显微组织观察表明，铸造合金由α-Mg晶粒和Mg₃Zn₆Y和Mg₃Zn₃Y₂金属间化合物组成，主要位于α-Mg晶界上。较高温度下的挤压合金显示出较粗的晶粒微观结构，而以较高比率挤压的合金含有较细的微观结构，尽管在两种条件下都测量到具有较低金属间化合物的更多动态再结晶晶粒。较低温度 (340°C) 和较高比率 (1:11.5) 的组合条件提供了较高的抗压强度。然而，没有实现显着的硬度改善。挤压工艺可以降低铸造合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀率超过 80%，这主要是由于细化了微观结构。与挤压比相比，挤压温度对耐腐蚀性能的影响更为显着，挤压温度越高，耐腐蚀性能越高。