汽车用高强度Q&P钢的组织与力学性能

研究了0.21C--1.43Si--1.35Mn钢在两相区及完全奥氏体区采用QP(Quenching and Partitioning)工艺加热后的微观组织与力学性能.结果表明:两相区加热可获得马氏体、残余奥氏体和铁素体组织,钢的抗拉强度为1 013 MPa,延伸率为25%,强塑积为25 655 MPa.%;完全奥氏体区加热可获得马氏体和残余奥氏体组织,钢的抗拉强度为1 257 MPa,延伸率为17%,强塑积为21 454 MPa.%;QP钢中的马氏体主要为板条状,伴有大量位错,并且发现有少量孪晶马氏体,分析认为由配分过程后的淬火过程转变而来;通过QP工艺可得到体积分数高达10.67%的残余奥氏体,分布在板条马氏体间,呈薄膜状.     

基于动态碳配分机制的高强塑积热成形钢研究

通过直接淬火、QP、回火等工艺对一种低碳含铜钢进行热处理,并使用拉伸试验机、落锤冲击试验机、扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射、透射电镜等手段对其力学性能、显微组织和冲击性能进行表征.在连续冷却淬火过程中观察到碳在马氏体和残余奥氏体间的动态配分现象,QP处理和低温回火可改善实验钢的冲击韧性;实验钢综合力学性能良好:强塑积大于20 GPa%,抗拉强度超过1 400 MPa,延伸率约14%,室温冲击功高于40 J.结果表明,所开发的实验钢可以满足热冲压工艺对成形淬火一体化的要求,可作为具有高强塑积的热成形用钢.     

一步淬火分配钢的工艺设计与微观组织演变

设计并研究了低碳硅锰系淬火分配(Q&P)钢的热处理工艺.利用SEM,TEM和XRD观察并分析了实验钢的微观结构和相组成.理论计算结果显示:Fe-021C二元合金的最佳淬火温度为290℃,最大残余奥氏体含量(摩尔分数)为179%.工艺模拟结果表明:实验钢残余奥氏体体积分数为67%~172%,残余奥氏体平均碳质量分数为102%~148%.残余奥氏体与相邻马氏体板条间晶体学位向符合K-S关系或N-W关系.实验所涉工艺中均存在新鲜马氏体的生成.随着配分时间的延长,残余奥氏体含量先增加后减少,残余奥氏体平均碳含量不断增加,最佳配分时间为50s.配分后期马氏体板条中出现的碳化物导致了残余奥氏体的减少.     

低碳Si-Mn系DQ&P钢组织演变模拟研究

以低碳Si-Mn钢为研究对象,采用直接淬火-配分工艺,研究了不同变形温度和配分时间对组织演变行为的影响.结果表明,QP钢典型组织由马氏体、铁素体和少量残余奥氏体组成.其中马氏体呈现板条马氏体、孪晶马氏体等特征.随着配分时间的延长,显微组织呈现回火转变趋势.当变形温度为950℃和880℃时,残余奥氏体体积分数先增加后减少,均在配分150 s时达到最大值,分别为9.1%,10.1%.当变形温度在820℃时,由于先共析铁素体的存在易于获得较多的残余奥氏体,体积分数高达11.9%,并且残余奥氏体中平均碳含量相对较低.     

Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process

We present a study concerning Fe–0.176C–1.31Si–1.58Mn–0.26Al–0.3Cr (wt%) steel subjected to a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The results of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile tests demonstrate that the microstructures primarily consist of lath martensite, retained austenite, lower bainite (LB), and a small amount of tempered martensite; moreover, few twin austenite grains were observed. In the microstructure, three types of retained austenite with different sizes and morphologies were observed: blocky retained austenite (~300 nm in width), film-like retained austenite (80–120 nm in width), and ultra- fine film-like retained austenite (30–40 nm in width). Because of the effect of the retained austenite/martensite/LB triplex microstructure, the specimens prepared using different quenching temperatures exhibit high ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Furthermore, the strength effect of LB can partially counteract the decreasing strength effect of martensite. The formation of LB substantially reduces the amount of retained austenite. Analyses of the retained austenite and the amount of blocky retained austenite indicated that the carbon content is critical to the total elongation of Q&P steel.     

无镍不锈钢17Cr10Mn2MoN的制备与性能

采用气雾化法制备含氮无镍不锈钢粉末，利用热等静压成形并对材料进行固溶处理．热等静压后，材料具有良好的强度、塑性及韧性，抗拉强度为850MPa，屈服强度为505MPa，延伸率为44．5％，断面收缩率为47．5％，冲击功为44J．材料经1100℃固溶处理1h后，塑性和韧性得到进一步提高，延伸率为50．0％，断面收缩率为55．5％，冲击为68J．材料强度和耐蚀性优于316L不锈钢．     

两相区退火温度对高铝低硅TRIP 钢组织性能的影响

对高铝低硅TRIP钢进行两相区退火,通过分析退火后实验钢的微观结构和力学性能,建立了加工硬化指数与相组成的关系,探讨了残余奥氏体稳定性对力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着两相区退火温度的升高,实验钢中贝氏体含量逐渐降低,残余奥氏体含量先增大后降低,并在930℃退火时达到最大.随着两相区退火温度的升高,实验钢的抗拉强度逐渐降低,延伸率先增大后降低,930℃退火时抗拉强度为665MPa,延伸率达到最大,为30%,强塑积约为20GPa·%.EBSD统计和拉伸试验的结果表明,两相区退火温度为930℃时,残余奥氏体稳定性适中,从而在拉伸过程中不断地提供加工硬化,推迟颈缩的发生,大幅度提高塑性.     

00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N高氮超级双相不锈钢的组织和性能

一种新型的资源节约型高氮超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N开发出来,氮质量分数达到0.5％.研究表明,经热锻和1 050 ℃固溶处理后,基体组织由铁素体和奥氏体组成,铁素体质量分数约为47％,氮质量分数的增加能明显提高材料的机械性能和腐蚀性能.通过对比研究表明,00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N的综合性能相当于或优于00Cr25Ni7Mo4N 超级双相不锈钢.     

一种Mn-Al系TRIP钢的临界区奥氏体稳定化研究

利用实验室MMS-200热模拟试验机对Fe-0.2C-7Mn-3Al钢的临界区奥氏体稳定化行为进行研究.通过SEM,EPMA,TEM和XRD等手段观察并分析了实验钢的微观组织演变以及C和Mn元素的配分过程.实验结果表明,不同的临界区退火温度下,实验钢中均存在25%~30%左右的粗大压扁状δ铁素体.随着退火温度的升高,微观组织中残余奥氏体的含量先增加后减小,体积分数为10.2%~32.5%,残余奥氏体与临界区铁素体呈板条状相间分布,板条宽度约200~300 nm.最佳的临界区退火温度为750℃.C,Mn,Al元素的协同作用促进了临界区奥氏体的稳定化,使得实验钢能够在较短的时间内完成有效的配分.     

Variation in retained austenite content and mechanical properties of 0.2C–7Mn steel after intercritical annealing

The effects of annealing time and temperature on the retained austenite content and mechanical properties of 0.2C–7Mn steel were studied. The retained austenite content of 0.2C–7Mn steel was compared with that of 0.2C–5Mn steel. It is found that 0.2C–7Mn steel exhibits a similar variation trend of retained austenite content as 0.2C–5Mn steel. However, in detail, these trends are different. 0.2C–7Mn steel contains approximately 7.5vol% retained austenite after austenitization and quenching. The stability of the reversed austenite in 0.2C–7Mn steel is lower than that in 0.2C–5Mn steel; in contrast, the equilibrium reversed austenite fraction of 0.2C–7Mn steel is substantially greater than that of 0.2C–5Mn steel. Therefore, the retained austenite content in 0.2C–7Mn steel reaches 53.1vol%. The tensile results show that long annealing time and high annealing temperature may not favor the enhancement of mechanical properties of 0.2C–7Mn steel. The effect of retained austenite on the tensile strength of the steel depends on the content of retained austenite; in contrast, the 0.2% yield strength linearly decreases with increasing retained austenite content.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a low-carbon quenching and partitioning steel after partial and full austenitization

In this work, low-carbon steel specimens were subjected to the quenching and partitioning process after being partially or fully austenitized to investigate their microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile tests, upper bainite or tempered martensite appears successively in the microstructure with increasing austenitization temperature or increasing partitioning time. In the partially austenitized specimens, the retained austenite grains are carbon-enriched twice during the heat treatment, which can significantly stabilize the phases at room temperature. Furthermore, after partial austenitization, the specimen exhibits excellent elongation, with a maximum elongation of 37.1%. By contrast, after full austenitization, the specimens exhibit good ultimate tensile strength and high yield strength. In the case of a specimen with a yield strength of 969 MPa, the maximum value of the ultimate tensile strength reaches 1222 MPa. During the partitioning process, carbon partitioning and carbon homogenization within austenite affect interface migration. In addition, the volume fraction and grain size of retained austenite observed in the final microstructure will also be affected.     

Effects of Si on the stability of retained austenite and temper embrittlement of ultrahigh strength steels

Effects of silicon (Si) content on the stability of retained austenite and temper embrittlement of ultrahigh strength steels were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and other experimental methods. The results show that Si can suppress temper embrittlement, improve temper resistance, and hinder the decomposition of retained austenite. Reversed austenite appears gradually with the increase of Si content during tempering. Si has a significant effect on enhancing carbon (C) partitioning and improving the stability of retained austenite. Si and C atoms are mutually exclusive in lath bainite, while they attract each other in austenite. ?-carbides are found in 1.8wt% Si steel tempered at 250℃, and they get coarsened obviously when tempered at 400℃, leading to temper embrittlement. Not ?-carbides but acicular or lath carbides lead to temper embrittlement in 0.4wt% Si steel, which can be inferred as cementites and composite compounds. Temper embrittlement is closely related to the decomposition of retained austenite and the formation of reversed austenite.     

无硅TRIP钢力学性能的研究

无硅TRIP钢采用临界区加热等温淬火热处理,获得铁素体,贝氏体及大量稳定残余奥氏体的三相组织·通过对其显微组织观察,断口形貌分析,与高硅TRIP钢力学性能的相互比较,探讨了无硅TRIP钢相变诱发塑性的行为·结果表明:无硅TRIP钢在拉伸变形过程中,应变诱导相变,相变诱发塑性;其拉伸断口形貌呈韧性断口特征;经790℃加热在400℃等温5min时,抗拉强度达到754MPa,延伸率达到36%,综合性能(强塑积)达到27144MPa%的最高值·     

亚稳奥氏体对高强度海洋工程用钢力学性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、组织观察等方法研究临界退火和不同温度回火对海洋工程用钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,实验钢经两相区退火和不同温度回火后,获得了回火马氏体及不同体积分数(0~6%)的残余奥氏体.随实验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数的增加,屈服强度从753MPa降低到506MPa,抗拉强度介于794~843MPa,屈强比从0.9降低到0.6,延伸率从31.3%提高到36.2%.实验钢中残余奥氏体能够提高冲击塑性变形能力并阻碍裂纹扩展,在-80℃冲击功达到236J,然而热稳定性差的残余奥氏体在低温下优先转变成马氏体并降低了低温韧性,冲击功下降到136J.     

淬火分配处理对高碳钢组织、力学性能和磨损性能的影响

The present work employed the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis techniques to identify the microstructural evolution and mechanical and abrasive behavior of high carbon steel during quenching-partitioning treatment with an aim to enhance the toughness and wear resistance of high carbon steel. Results showed that, with the increase in partitioning temperature from 250 to 400°C, the amount of retained austenite (RA) decreased resulting from the carbide precipitation effect after longer partitioning times. Moreover, the stability of RA generally increased because of the enhanced degree of carbon enrichment in RA. Given the factors affecting the toughness of high carbon steel, the stability of RA associated with size, carbon content, and morphology plays a significant role in determining the toughness of high carbon steel. The analysis of the wear resistance of samples with different mechanical properties shows that hardness is the primary factor affecting the wear resistance of high carbon steel, and the toughness is the secondary one.     

Fe-8/11Mn-4Al-0.2C钢的力学性能及应变硬化行为

对Fe-8Mn-4Al-0.2C(8Mn)和Fe-11Mn-4Al-0.2C(11Mn)实验钢进行不同温度的淬火热处理,实现奥氏体体积分数和稳定性的最优化.通过拉伸实验可得,8Mn钢和11Mn钢在淬火温度为750℃时,获得最佳的力学性能组合,即强塑积为46.4 GPa%和66.9 GPa%.8Mn-750试样和11Mn-750试样在拉伸过程中表现出相同的三阶段应变硬化行为.通过XRD测定变形过程中奥氏体体积分数的变化,研究发现TRIP效应主要发生在变形的第二和第三阶段.11Mn-750试样由于具有更高的奥氏体含量、转变量和稳定性,使得其塑性远远高于8Mn-750试样.     

10Cr21Mn16NiN高锰氮奥氏体不锈钢组织与性能研究

研究了固溶处理温度对热轧态10Cr21Mn16NiN高锰氮奥氏体不锈钢微观组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响,并进一步揭示了该材料的低温韧脆转变行为。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,屈服强度和抗拉强度逐渐降低,而延伸率和耐腐蚀性能逐渐增大。这是因为高温固溶促进了热轧阶段形成的有害相重新溶解,从而消除析出相对性能带来的不利影响。10Cr21Mn16NiN钢在低温冲击载荷下表现出明显的韧脆转变行为,韧脆转变温度在-110℃附近,高于-110℃可以获得强度与韧性的良好配合。     

预处理组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺下组织及性能影响

采用γ单相区和γ+α双相区轧制并淬火工艺以及双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分( IQ&P)工艺,研究预处理组织对低碳钢室温状态多相组织特征及力学性能的影响规律. 实验用低碳钢经两种工艺轧制并淬火处理,获得马氏体和马氏体+铁素体的预处理组织,再经双相区IQ&P工艺处理后均获得多相组织. 马氏体预处理钢的室温组织由板条状亚温铁素体、块状回火马氏体以及一定比例的针状未回火马氏体和8. 2%的针状残余奥氏体组成;马氏体+铁素体预处理钢由板条状亚温铁素体、块状和针状未回火马氏体以及14. 3%的短针状或块状残余奥氏体组成. 在相同的双相区IQ&P工艺参数下,预处理组织为马氏体的钢抗拉强度为770 MPa,伸长率为28%,其强塑积为21560 MPa·%;而预处理组织为马氏体+铁素体的钢抗拉强度为834 MPa,伸长率增大到36. 2%,强塑积达到30190 MPa·%,获得强度与塑性的优良结合.     

硅、锰合金元素含量对TRIP结构钢力学性能的影响

在不含Ｃｒ,Ｎｉ的Ｓｉ Ｍｎ结构钢中,因残余奥氏体的应变诱导相变和相变诱发塑性,可得到良好的强度与塑性配合的综合性能·通过对二种成分Ｓｉ ＭｎＴＲＩＰ钢力学性能的比较及其组织分析,探讨了ＴＲＩＰ效应提高结构钢力学性能的机理·结果表明,含有一定Ｍｎ合金元素的ＴＲＩＰ结构钢,当Ｓｉ含量小于２０％时,含Ｓｉ量愈高,其力学性能愈好·     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.