两相区退火温度对2%Al冷轧TRIP钢组织及性能的影响

两相区退火温度是影响TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的重要工艺参数之一,因此有必要优化两相区退火温度使TRIP钢获得最佳的强韧性配合。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和拉伸试验机研究了两相区退火温度对0.25C-1.5Mn-2.0Al冷轧TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:在770~850℃退火并450℃贝氏体等温5 min处理后,实验钢的显微组织为铁素体、贝氏体和残余奥氏体。随着退火温度的升高,实验钢中的铁素体和残余奥氏体体积分数增加、贝氏体体积分数减少,屈服强度和抗拉强度降低。     

连续退火的无Si TRIP钢的组织和力学性能

在实验室用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机制备了一种无Si TRIP钢.利用拉伸试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射以及热膨胀仪对其力学性能、微观组织和相变规律进行研究,在此基础上分析了贝氏体相变温度和时间对力学性能和残余奥氏体的影响.无Si TRIP钢呈现出良好的整体力学性能,抗拉强度分布在740～810 MPa,延伸率均在25%以上,最高可达32%以上;贝氏体等温温度为420℃时能获得最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度随贝氏体相变时间增加而下降,延伸率随之上升,而屈服强度没有显著变化.无Si TRIP制的铁素体晶粒大小约为3～4μm,比含Si TRIP钢铁素体晶粒细小;残余奥氏体的体积分数在8%～10%,比含Si TRIP钢低约3%;420℃保温300 s后贝氏体相变基本结束,而碳的扩散仍然在进行;无Si TRIP钢贝氏体相变速率比含Si TRIP钢快,贝氏体相变总量也更多.     

退火温度对430不锈钢冷轧板组织和力学性能的影响

针对现场生产的430不锈钢冷轧板,通过高温连续退火实验研究了退火温度对材料显微组织、强度、塑性以及各向异性性能的影响.通过实验得到了合理的两段式加热连续退火工艺:选取中间温度为600℃,加热II段的加热速率为2.3℃·s-1,最高加热温度为840℃.随着退火温度的升高,薄板的屈服强度和硬度呈明显的两阶段降低趋势,延伸率呈"S"型趋势增加,平均塑性应变比基本保持不变(1.25左右),而轧制平面各向异性指数有一定的降低.针对430不锈钢冷轧板分别建立了屈服强度与退火软化率和延伸率之间的定量关系.     

Effect of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a cold rolled dual phase steel

A cold rolled dual phase (DP) steel with the C-Si-Mn alloy system was trial-produced in the laboratory, utilizing a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator. The effects of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the DP steel were investigated by mechanical testing and microstructure observation. The results show that soaking between 760 and 820℃ for more than 80 s, rapid cooling at the rate of more than 30℃/s from the quenching temperature between 620 and 680℃, and overaging lower than 300℃ are beneficial for the mechanical properties of DP steels. An appropriate proportion of the two phases is one of the key factors for the favorable properties of DP steels. If the volume fraction of martensite and, thereby, free dislocations are deficient, the tensile strength and n value of DP steels will decrease, whereas, the yield strength will increase. But if the volume fraction of martensite is excessive to make it become a dominant phase, the yield and tensile strength will increase, whereas, the elongation will decrease obviously. When rapid cooling rate is not fast enough, pearlite or cementite will appear, which will degrade the mechanical properties. Even though martensite is sufficient, if it is decomposed in high temperature tempering, the properties will he unsatisfied.     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel were observed, and the relationship between the workability and the microstructure of the steel was established. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis of the steel reveals that an almost pure Sn phase forms and MnS-Sn compound inclusions appear in the steel with a higher Sn content. Little Sn segregation was observed in grain boundaries and in the areas around sulfide inclusions; however, the presence of Sn does not adversely affect the workability of the steel containing 0.4wt% Sn. When the Sn content is 0.1wt%-0.4wt%, Sn improves the tensile strength and the plastic strain ratio and also improves the plasticity with increasing temperature. A mechanism of improving the workability of ferritic stainless steel induced by Sn addition was discussed:the presence of Sn lowers the defect concentration in the ultra-pure ferritic lattice and the good distribution of tin in the lattice overcomes the problem of hot brittleness that occurs in low-carbon steel as a result of Sn segregation.     

冷轧双相钢不停炉连续退火生产工艺改进

不停炉生产冷轧双相钢是控制成本、提高合同交付率的关键技术。对某钢厂连续退火机组生产双相钢前必须停炉的方法进行了分析和改进,结果表明,连续退火机组TV值越小,过时效段降温速度越快;降低快冷段出口温度可显著地降低过时效温度。通过对生产组织的优化,实现了不停炉生产冷轧双相钢。     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金组织性能的影响

为丰富空间结构材料种类,扩大Zr合金的应用范围,利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量分别为2%,3%和4%（质量分数）的Zr-Al二元合金,在真空管式炉内分别进行750 ℃和800 ℃保温4 h的退火处理,借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分析合金的微观组织和断口形貌,并进行硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明：经750 ℃保温4 h退火处理后,Zr-4Al合金的铸态组织由α-Zr和Zr₂Al转变为α-Zr和塑性更好的Zr₃Al相;在相同热处理条件下,随着Al含量的增加,合金的硬度及抗拉强度升高,延伸率下降;当Al含量相同时,随着热处理温度的升高,合金硬度、抗拉强度及延伸率下降。因此,采用向Zr中添加适量Al元素并辅之热处理的方法,可制备一种新型的Zr-Al合金,为开发新型空间结构材料提供了一种新思路。     

加热温度对TRIP钢连续冷却转变曲线及室温组织的影响

采用膨胀法在DIL805热膨胀仪上测定了不同加热温度下实验钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析不同加热温度对CCT曲线和冷却试样显微组织的影响.结果表明:当加热温度由完全奥氏体化温度降低到两相区内较高温度时,CCT曲线中铁素体转变区左移;当加热温度处在两相区范围内时,随着加热温度的降低,铁素体转变被推迟,使得CCT曲线右移;新生铁素体外延生长方式和奥氏体中碳富集程度的差异是导致上述变迁的主要因素.     

退火温度对含铌细晶高强IF钢组织与性能的影响

以含铌细晶高强IF钢为研究对象,在不同的退火温度下对实验钢进行模拟连续退火实验。采用OM和TEM对实验钢进行了显微组织和钢中析出二相粒子形貌的观察,得到不同退火温度下对细晶高强IF钢力学性能影响和二相粒子的析出规律,为实验钢的低屈服现象提供依据。在实验钢中晶界周边形成的无沉淀区PFZ带是典型的显微结构特点。实验结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,实验钢晶粒尺寸变大,强度下降,n值和r值有一定提高,部分第二相粒子溶解聚集长大。     

退火温度对退火马氏体基TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

将C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢通过完全淬火和两相区退火相结合的工艺,得到一种以退火马氏体为基体的TRIP钢(简称TAM钢),并对比分析了TAM钢在不同温度退火后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,TAM钢经退火后的显微组织特征为精细规整的板条退火马氏体基体、片状残余奥氏体和贝氏体/马氏体组成的混合组织.这种组织降低了基体的硬度以及基体和第二相之间的强度比,减少了基体的位错密度.随着退火温度的提高,退火马氏体基体的板条形态逐渐消失,新生马氏体/贝氏体的团状混合组织逐渐增多.当退火温度为780℃时,综合力学性能优异,抗拉强度为1130 MPa,延伸率可达20%,强塑积为22600 MPa·%.当退火温度较低时,残余奥氏体主要以片状存在于退火马氏体板条间,有利于TRIP效应的发生.     

Effect of continuous induction annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper-clad aluminum flat bars

Copper-clad aluminum (CCA) flat bars produced by the continuous casting–rolling process were subjected to continuous induction heating annealing (CIHA), and the effects of induction heating temperature and holding time on the microstructure, interface, and mechanical properties of the flat bars were investigated. The results showed that complete recrystallization of the copper sheath occurred under CIHA at 460°C for 5 s, 480°C for 3 s, or 500°C for 1 s and that the average grain size in the copper sheath was approximately 10.0 μm. In the case of specimens subjected to CIHA at 460–500°C for longer than 1 s, complete recrystallization occurred in the aluminum core. In the case of CIHA at 460–500°C for 1–5 s, a continuous interfacial layer with a thickness of 2.5–5.5 μm formed and the thickness mainly increased with increasing annealing temperature. After CIHA, the interfacial layer consisted primarily of a Cu₉Al₄ layer and a CuAl₂ layer; the average interface shear strength of the CCA flat bars treated by CIHA at 460–500°C for 1–5 s was 45–52 MPa. After full softening annealing, the hardness values of the copper sheath and the aluminum core were HV 65 and HV 24, respectively, and the hardness along the cross section of the CCA flat bar was uniform.     

注氢诱发ODS铁素体钢中第二相分解

采用室温离子注入和低压电镜原位观察的方法,研究了注氢对国产ODS铁素体钢微观结构的影响.结果表明:原始未注氢ODS铁素体钢中存在有一定数量的(Fe,Cr)2O3,室温注氢后,(Fe,Cr)2O3无明显改变;但将其加热至450℃,(Fe,Cr)2O3即开始分解;到550℃时,部分(Fe,Cr)2O3消失,残余(Fe,Cr)2O3的成分也发生了改变.与此相反,原始未注氢ODS铁素体钢的微观结构在加热过程中却没有明显改变,(Fe,Cr)2O3并不分解.     

C-Si-Mn系热轧双相钢显微组织与力学性能之间的关系

通过对热轧试样的组织性能测试,研究了热轧双相钢显微组织与力学性能之间的关系.研究发现,铁素体和马氏体强度是影响力学性能的主要因素.建立了C-Si-Mn系热轧双相钢力学性能的数学模型,可以作为热轧双相钢基本力学性能参数预测的理论依据.     

C—Si—Mn系热轧双相钢显微组织与力学性能之间的关系

通过对热轧试样的组织性能测试,研究了热轧双相钢显微组织与力学性能之间的关系。研究发现,铁素体和马氏体强度是影响力学性能的主要因素。建立了C-Si-Mn系热轧双相钢力学性能的数学模型,可以作为热轧双相钢基本力学性能参数预测的理论依据。     

退火温度对20MnSi钢ECAP变形组织的影响

采用C方式等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)法制备了平均晶粒尺寸～0.20 μm的亚微晶20MnSi钢,研究了退火温度对ECAP变形组织的影响.结果表明,随退火温度升高,ECAP变形获得的亚微晶铁素体变形组织在原位逐渐演变为再结晶组织,300～500℃退火1 h后,亚微晶铁素体组织稳定,晶粒无明显长大.退火温度高于500℃后,铁素体晶粒开始明显长大,650℃退火后的铁素体平均晶粒尺寸～8μm.经ECAP变形的珠光体组织在较低温度退火时,渗碳体具有较强的球化能力.     

Cr元素对冷轧TRIP钢的组织性能影响研究

以两种合金成分的相变诱导塑性钢为实验对象,先利用热模拟试验机确定其热轧及热处理参数后,经过热轧、冷轧工艺并连续退火,研究其力学性能。金相组织及宏观织构的特征。实验结果表明,Cr元素可以稳定低温奥氏体,降低贝氏体形成温度,使贝氏体的孕育期延长,增加最终组织中的贝氏体及残余奥氏体的体积分数;Cr元素的添加还增强了试验钢的力学性能,添加了Cr元素的2#钢强度和塑性均比没有添加的1#钢要高;两种成分的TRIP钢织构情况相似,主要组分包括：{332}纤维织构,{110}<001>组分和{112}<110>组分,可见Cr元素在提高钢板强度增加延伸率的同时,并没有损害钢板的成形性能。     

Effect of cryogenic rolling and annealing on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel

Metastable 304 austenitic stainless steel was subjected to rolling at cryogenic and room temperatures, followed by annealing at different temperatures from 500 to 950℃. Phase transition during annealing was studied using X-ray diffractometry. Transmission electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction were used to characterize the martensite transformation and the distribution of austenite grain size after annealing. The recrystallization mechanism during cryogenic rolling was a reversal of martensite into austenite and austenite growth. Cryogenic rolling followed by annealing refined grains to 4.7 μm compared with 8.7 μm achieved under room-temperature rolling, as shown by the electron backscattered diffraction images. Tensile tests showed significantly improved mechanical properties after cryogenic rolling as the yield strength was enhanced by 47% compared with room-temperature rolling.     

退火温度对淬火后冷轧5083铝合金组织及腐蚀性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、电镜、慢应变拉伸、阳极极化及交流阻抗测试研究退火温度对淬火后冷轧5083铝合金耐蚀性的影响。研究结果表明:冷轧后在100℃和150℃退火40 min的5083铝合金仍呈变形组织特征,在局部变形区呈现连续分布的β相(Mg5Al8),合金具有较强应力腐蚀敏感性和较弱的耐点蚀能力;在200℃和250℃退火40 min后的合金,局部开始发生再结晶,但组织中仍包含由位错缠结而成的胞状亚组织,球状β相在晶内和晶界不连续分布,合金具有高的抗应力腐蚀和耐点蚀能力;在300℃和350℃退火40 min的5083铝合金,为完全再结晶组织,β相又趋于连续分布,合金抗应力腐蚀和耐点蚀能力变弱。     

退火温度和Si含量对无取向电工钢磁特性的影响

结合磁性能测试和微观组织观察,研究了Si含量和再结晶退火温度对无取向电工钢冷轧板磁性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,两组Si含量不同的无取向电工钢的晶粒尺寸增大,磁畴移动更容易,最大磁导率μ_(max)增加,铁损P_(1.5/50)随之降低,而磁导率μ_(1.5/50)则呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在800℃左右达到最大值。而当退火温度一定时,钢中Si含量越高,其铁损P_(1.5/50)、磁感应强度B_(5000)和磁导率μ_(1.5/50)越低,且仅当退火温度高于800℃时,含Si量高的无取向电工钢的最大磁导率μ_(max)更大。根据电机设计要求,可选择合适的无取向电工钢成分和退火工艺,以获得最优综合磁性能。     

再结晶退火温度对无取向硅钢织构和磁性能的影响

对冷轧及退火后无取向硅钢织构及磁性能的变化进行研究.借助电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术测量退火试样的极图,计算取向分布函数(ODF)和织构组分的体积分数,并利用TYU-2000M磁性能测量仪测量试样的磁性能.结果表明,810、840、880 ℃下退火3 min后,试样的再结晶均充分完成,且晶粒随着退火温度的升高而长大;退火后,试样中首先显现{111}〈112〉织构组分,且随退火温度的升高呈增强趋势;退火温度继续升高时,{111}〈110〉织构组分增强,一次再结晶后材料中出现{111}面织构,导致试样的磁感应强度B50降低,同时由于晶粒的长大使得试样的铁损P15减小.