Precipitation of flaky moolooite and its thermal decomposition

Moolooite particles with flaky morphology were synthesized by mixing dilute solutions of copper nitrate and sodium oxalate in the presence of citric acid. Solution pH value, citric acid concentration, and stirring were found to have large effect on the shape of the precipitated particles. Under the stirring, the radial area of flaky moolooite particles was enlarged and extended to become a thinner and larger flake. This is ascribed to growth promotion caused by the selective absorption of citric ligands onto a particular crystalline surface of the moolooite particles. Flaky shape of the moolooite particles tended to become spherical and disappeared completely when decomposed under an Ar atmosphere, leading to the formation of large porous aggregated particles composed of many tiny nanosized copper crystals.     

Morphology controllable growth of CaO/amorphous carbon ropes by a hydrothermal approach

A versatile hydrothermal strategy for the growth of a centimeter-sized CaO/amorphous carbon rope was introduced in this article. It is demonstrated that the centimeter-sized rope is composed of abundant amorphous carbon “belt” and “stick” with small polygonal CaO particles in the size of 3.0–5.0 nm embedded in the “belt” and “stick” framework. With the increase in NaOH amount, polygonal Ca(OH)2 particles in the size of 0.5–3.0 μm are found, instead of the CaO/amorphous carbon rope. This morphology evolution results from the competition of structure-directing and hydrothermal-carbonizing of organic agents during hydrothermal reaction. These results may give good suggestions for the controllable growth of newly unique morphological micro/nano architectures in solution phase reactions.     

铝酸钠溶液种分过程中草酸钠结晶析出的行为

拜耳法氧化铝生产过程中,草酸钠在铝酸钠溶液晶种分解工序造成诸多负面影响.本文对种分过程草酸钠结晶析出的行为进行研究.用含草酸钠的合成和工业铝酸钠溶液分别进行分解实验,考察草酸钠对分解产物粒度和形貌的影响,并对草酸钠的结晶习性、草酸钠与氢氧化铝之间的相互作用规律进行探究.结果表明,草酸钠在氢氧化铝表面或颗粒间隙结晶析出,使氢氧化铝二次成核增加,并严重阻碍氢氧化铝的附聚,这是其造成产品氢氧化铝粒度细化的主要原因.     

Dissolution characteristics of sericite in chalcopyrite bioleaching and its effect on copper extraction

The effects of sericite particle size, rotation speed, and leaching temperature on sericite dissolution and copper extraction in a chalcopyrite bioleaching system were examined. Finer particles, appropriate temperature and rotation speed for Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans resulted in a higher Al3+ dissolution concentration. The Al3+ dissolution concentration reached its highest concentration of 38.66 mg/L after 48-d leaching when the sericite particle size, temperature, and rotation speed were -43 μm, 30℃, and 160 r/min, respectively. Meanwhile, the sericite particle size, rotation speed, and temperature can affect copper extraction. The copper extraction rate is higher when the sericite particle size is finer. An appropriately high temperature is favorable for copper leaching. The dissolution of sericite fitted the shrinking core model, 1-(2/3)α-(1-α)2/3=k₁t, which indicates that internal diffusion is the decision step controlling the overall reaction rate in the leaching process. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed small precipitates covered on the surface of sericite after leaching, which increased the diffusion resistance of the leaching solution and dissolved ions.     

隔膜电沉积法制备片状氢氧化镁及其影响因素

以氯化镁为原料,采用隔膜电沉积法制备了片状氢氧化镁.考察了氯化镁浓度、反应温度、电流密度对氢氧化镁形貌及颗粒粒径的影响.采用SEM和激光粒度分布仪对产物氢氧化镁的形貌和颗粒粒径大小进行了表征.结果表明,该法获得的产物沉降快且易分离;电解质浓度增加,片状形貌更大且更厚,颗粒粒径变大;反应温度升高,导致片状形貌缺陷增大,团聚更严重,颗粒粒径先减小后增大;电流密度增强,造成片状特性变差,最终出现枝状形貌,颗粒粒径减小.对样品进行BET检测,发现合成样品中比表面积最大可达82.36 m2/g,对甲基紫的吸附量可达1 256 mg/g.     

纳米晶Fe85Si1Al6Cr8片状颗粒材料微波吸收特性

采用快淬工艺和高能球磨处理技术制备了纳米晶FeSiAlCr片状颗粒材料．研究了高能球磨处理工艺对材料微结构、形貌和微波电磁特性的影响。结果表明高能球磨处理使球形粉粒形状扁平化并细化其晶粒,从而使FeSiAlCr颗粒材料的微波磁导率显著提高,介电常数被有效控制．对用该材料制作的涂层吸波性能进行了计算模拟,结果表明在4GHz附近微波段具有良好吸波性能．     

高纯超细BaTiO3的合成及其应用性能

在分析Ｂａ＾２＋，ＢｉＯ２＋与草酸混合体系热力学平衡的基础上，提出了将Ｔｉｏ＾２＋与草酸混合，在一定的ｐＨ值时生成钛配阴离子，再与ＢａＣｌ２昨分解反应、直接沉淀出ＢａＴｉＯ３的前驱体－草酸氧钛钡，最终经煅烧得ＢａＴｉＯ３粉体的合成新工艺。     

Activator-assisted electroless deposition of copper nanostructured films

This paper showed simple and effective synthesis of copper nanoparticles within controlled diameter using direct electroless deposition on glass substrates, following the sensitization and activation steps. Electroless-deposited metals, such as Cu, Co, Ni, and Ag, and their alloys had many advantages in micro- and nanotechnologies. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of copper deposits were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The structural data was further analyzed using the Rietveld refinement program. Structural studies reveal that the deposited copper prefers a (111) orientation. AFM studies suggest the deposited materials form compact, uniform, and nanocrystalline phases with a high tendency to self-organize. The data show that the particle size can be controlled by controlling the activator concentration. The absorption spectra of the as-deposited copper nanoparticles reveal that the plasmonic peak broadens and exhibits a blue shift with decreasing particle size.     

GH720Li合金长期时效过程中γ'相演变规律

研究GH720Li合金经标准热处理(1105℃,4 h→油冷﹢650℃,24 h→空冷﹢760℃,16 h→空冷)后分别在720℃时效0~5000 h和800℃时效0~1000 h后γ'强化相的演变规律. 合金在720℃,5000 h时效后一次γ'相的尺寸、形态以及数量基本不发生变化;在720℃,200 h时效后,二次γ'相发生明显粗化;500 h后出现不均匀长大. 相应地,500 h前硬度下降速率大, 500 h后趋于平稳. 在800℃,500 h时效后,一次γ'相发生粗化;800℃,100 h时效后,二次γ'相发生明显粗化且不均匀长大. 500 h前硬度下降斜率很大,500 h后硬度仍有明显下降趋势. 720℃及800℃时二次γ'相粗化行为是以扩散控制的粗化机制为主导. γ'相平均半径与时效时间满足立方根关系,符合L-S-W ( Lifshiz-Slyozov-Wanger)理论.     

Phase-field simulation on microstructure evolution of D0_(19) phase in γ/γ′structure of Co–Al–W superalloys

The morphological evolution and precipitation kinetics of γ′ and D0_(19)(Co_3 W) phase in Co–Al–W alloys at 900 °C have been studied by applying Phase-field method and experiment in order to understand the transformation process of γ′ phase and D0_(19) phase. The growth processes of D0_(19) phase and precipitation of γ′ phase under elastic fields were simulated through coupling with thermodynamics and dynamics databases. The simulation results indicate that the misfit δ≥ 0.53% has a greater impact on γ′ particle morphology in γ/γ′ structure.Co–Al–W alloy with low Al and high W is one of the factors to promote the precipitation of D0_(19) phase. Three stages during aging, namely the γ′ phase incubation stage, the γ′ phase fast nucleation and growth stage, and the transformation from γ′ phase to D0_(19) phase stage can be observed with the non-constant coarsening rate that varying with the decrease of γ′ phase. The particle size distribution(PSD) during the precipitation of D0_(19) phase is more in line with MLSW theory than LSW theory. This simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment results to help analyze microstructure evolution of Co–Al–W alloy.     

胃蛋白酶指导下水醇体系中碳酸钙的仿生合成与表征

在室温下用气体扩散的方法,以胃蛋白酶为基质,在水和乙醇的混合溶剂体系中,仿生合成了球形的球霰石晶型碳酸钙.相较于在没有基质作用的纯水体系中得到的晶体,发现在蛋白质的指导下,碳酸钙的结晶习性发生了改变,由不规则块状变为球状结构,晶型也由方解石型转化为球霰石型,为控制合成特殊形貌的材料提供了新的途径.通过对产品进行扫描电子显微镜测试(SEM),X射线粉末衍射(XRD),热重差热分析(TG-DTA),傅里叶转换红外光谱分析(FT-IR),荧光分析(PL)和比表面积(BET)表征,从分子水平认识了基质和碳酸钙之间的相互作用,并尝试讨论其可能的形成机理.     

Ga-In liquid metal nanoparticles prepared by physical vapor deposition

Controlled synthesis and appropriate characterization of nanoscale particles of gallium-based liquid metals are critical to fulfilling their broad range of applications in the field of flexible, stretchable, and printable micro-/nanoelectronics. Herein, we report a new way to synthesize surfactant-free gallium-indium nanoparticles with controlled particle size on a variety of substrates through a facile physical vapor deposition method. It was found that with prolonged deposition time the liquid metal nanoparticles gradually grew from near-monodispersed small particles with a diameter of ～25 nm to bimodal distributed particles. A nucleation, growth, ripening and merging process was proposed to explain the observed evolution of particle size. Atomic force microscopy measurement indicates that the fabricated liquid metal nanoparticles demonstrate elastic deformation with a certain range of loads and the scanned particle size is dependent on the applied loads. We further investigated the gradual breaking process of the core-shell structured liquid metal nanoparticles, which was evidenced by multiple kinks on the force-separation curve. This work presents a new bottom-up approach to prepare nanoscale liquid metal particles and demonstrates that atomic force microscopy is a suitable technique to characterize the synthesized liquid metal nanoparticles.     

Effect and mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite

The effects of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite were investigated using micro flotation, adsorption tests, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The flotation results show that interactions between siderite and quartz are the main reasons that siderite significantly influences the floatability. The interactions are attributed to dissolved siderite species and fine siderite particles. The interaction due to the dissolved species is, however, dominant. Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theoretical calculations reveal that adhesion on quartz increases when the siderite particle size decreases and that fine particles partly influence quartz floatability. Chemical solution calculations indicate that the dissolved species of siderite might convert the surface of active quartz to CaCO₃ precipitates that can be depressed by starch. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the results of adsorption tests and FTIR spectroscopy and explain the reasons why siderite significantly influences reverse flotation of hematite.     

大坪山隧址区地质构造对岩溶发育规律的影响

在野外地质调查的基础上,运用自然历史分析法和统计学对隧址区的地质构造和岩溶发育特征进行了研究。研究表明地质构造对隧址区岩溶发育的影响主要表现为:1推覆构造演化过程中,地层经历的抬升和稳定使得区内岩溶发育呈现多期性,垂直、水平溶蚀形态交替分布;2区内地质构造通过控制岩溶水的循环通道,从而控制区内岩溶发育的方向和规模;3区内大型岩溶形态发育的向深性和方向性受断层控制,同时发育规模也由节理裂隙密度决定;4褶皱核部及转折部位多形成张拉裂隙,岩溶发育强烈,翼部径流作用有利于岩溶发育。     

反相微乳液合成亲水性聚合物纳米微球

利用反相微乳液一步法成功导合成磁性聚合物纳米微球,研究表明：Fe（Ⅱ）浓度对微乳液和胶乳的稳定有很大的影响,透射电镜（TEM）和动态光散射仪（DLS）结果说明微球粒径在100nm左右,均一性较好,SOT含量能控制微球粒径,振动探针式磁强仪（VSM）测定了不同比例的[Fe（Ⅱ）]/[Fe（Ⅲ）]所合成的聚合物微球的磁性,并发现温度对合成高磁饱和强度和超喘磁性起关键作用,合成的磁性聚合物微胶乳透明而且能稳定数个月。     

反应结晶法制备微粉化萘普生的研究

采用反应结晶法对萘普生进行微粉化实验研究。系统考察了温度、搅拌速度、盐酸滴加速度、药物浓度和酸溶液体积用量对反应结晶颗粒的形貌和粒度的影响。实验结果表明在温度15℃,搅拌速度1500r/nim,盐酸溶液滴加速度0.5mL/min,药物浓度0.02mol/L,盐酸溶液体积10mL,可制得微粉化六边形片状萘普生药物颗粒,且产物的粒度和形貌可控。产品的XRD、IR分析表明结晶过程对产物的晶形与化学性质均不产生影响。     

氧化钨氢还原过程形貌变化

本文用三种不同形态结构的仲钨酸铵(APT)为原料,在接近工业的条件下,用扫描电镜(SEM)对氢还原过程产物的形貌变化作了观察、分析和比较,并选择部份试样用X射线对物相组成作了鉴定,同时对还原钨粉的粒度控制阶段作了讨论。     

低碳Nb--Ti二元微合金钢析出过程的演变

建立规则溶液亚点阵模型计算了不同温度(1073～1523 K)下低碳Nb--Ti二元微合金钢(Nb质量分数为0.023%,Ti质量分数为0.012%)中碳氮化物析出相的平衡摩尔分数、化学驱动力和各组元摩尔分数,对微合金钢中析出粒子演变规律进行研究,并利用透射电镜观察及能谱分析验证这种析出模式.计算结果表明,1523 K下析出粒子化学式组成为(Nb0.15Ti0.85)(C0.16N0.84),由富Ti的析出物逐渐过渡至Nb--Ti均匀析出,析出粒子演变顺序为(Nb0.15Ti0.85)(C0.16N0.84)、(NbxTi1-x)(CyN1-y)和(Nb0.5Ti0.5)(C0.56N0.44),与实验结果符合较好.随着温度降低,Ti/Nb质量比逐渐减小,得到的TiC比NbC更难溶.对均匀形核及位错处形核的临界核心尺寸和相对形核速率进行计算,得到最大形核率即可获得最细小第二相尺寸的温度.     

Cu(Ⅱ)-吡啶-草酸根三元配合物的合成与表征及其生物活性

合成了Cu(II)-吡啶-草酸根三元配合物,通过元素分析、红外光谱和紫外光谱对其进行了表征,并对配合物进行了生物活性试验.     

Core-shell structure nanoprecipitates in Fe-xCu-3.0Mn-1.5Ni-1.5Al alloys: A phase field study

The core-shell structure precipitatates of Fe-xCu-3.0Mn-1.5Ni-1.5Al alloys under internal and external strain was investigated by using a multicomponent continuous phase field model based on Gibbs free energy of sub regular solution. Results show that the early cluster nuclei are not pure Cu, and Mn/Ni/Al also gather in the same position of Cu rich nuclei, resulting in four core-shell structures in precipitation. In the absence of external strain, the morphology of precipitates is mainly determined by interfacial energy, intrinsic elastic anisotropy and lattice distortion between new phase and parent phase. Intrinsic elastic strain energy can inhibit precipitation, while has no obvious effect on particle morphology. In coarsening, the elastic energy decreases due to the combination of particles. The loading direction and magnitude of the applied elastic strain field can control the morphology of precipitates. The external strain and the interaction between Mn, Ni and Al promote the joining and merging of adjacent core-shell particles. This work has guiding significance for the design of Fe-xCu-3.0Mn-1.5Ni-1.5Al alloys and other core-shell precipitates materials.