Preparation and electrochemical performance of double perovskite La<Subscript>2</Subscript>CoMnO<Subscript>6</Subscript> nanofibers

Through electrospinning, La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate (PVP/LCM) precursor and were used as electrode materials. The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. The results show that the prepared La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers are stable, one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La₂CoMnO₆ nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure. The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m2·g-1. Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers as 109.7 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1. After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g-1, the specific capacitance maintains 90.9% of its initial value, demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.     

Effect of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles on hydrogen evolution reaction activity of Ni coatings

The electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposited Ni and Ni-TiO₂ coatings with regard to the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated. The Ni coatings were electrodeposited from an acid chloride bath at different current densities, and their HER activities were examined in a 1.0-mol·L-1 KOH medium. The variations in the HER activity of the Ni coatings with changes in surface morphology and composition were examined via the electrochemical dissolution and incorporation of nanoparticles. Electrochemical analysis methods were used to monitor the HER activity of the test electrodes; this activity was confirmed via the quantification of gases that evolved during the analysis. The obtained results demonstrated that the Ni-TiO₂ nanocomposite test electrode exhibited maximum activity toward the alkaline HER. The surface appearance, composition, and the phase structure of all developed coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The improvement in the electrocatalytic activity of Ni-TiO₂ nanocomposite coating toward HER was attributed to the variation in surface morphology and increased number of active sites.     

强耦合非晶态Sb2S3球与碳纳米管中的钠离子和锂离子存储

A facile one-step strategy involving the reaction of antimony chloride with thioacetamide at room temperature is successfully developed for the synthesis of strongly coupled amorphous Sb₂S₃ spheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Benefiting from the unique amorphous structure and its strongly coupled effect with the conductive network of CNTs, this hybrid electrode (Sb₂S₃@CNTs) exhibits remarkable sodium and lithium storage properties with high capacity, good cyclability, and prominent rate capability. For sodium storage, a high capacity of 814 mAh·g?1 at 50 mA·g?1 is delivered by the electrode, and a capacity of 732 mAh·g?1 can still be obtained after 110 cycles. Even up to 2000 mA·g?1, a specific capacity of 584 mAh·g?1 can be achieved. For lithium storage, the electrode exhibits high capacities of 1136 and 704 mAh·g?1 at 100 and 2000 mA·g?1, respectively. Moreover, the cell holds a capacity of 1104 mAh·g?1 under 100 mA·g?1 over 110 cycles. Simple preparation and remarkable electrochemical properties make the Sb₂S₃@CNTs electrode a promising anode for both sodium-ion (SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> magnetic composite nanoparticles by a one-pot process

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell composite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a one-pot process. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate was used as a surfactant to synthesize Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell structures from prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The properties of the Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared Fe₃O₄ particles were approximately 12 nm in size, and the thickness of the SiO₂ coating was approximately 4 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that the maximum saturation magnetization of the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ powder (34.85 A·m2·kg–1) was markedly lower than that of the Fe₃O₄ powder (79.55 A·m2·kg–1), which demonstrates that Fe₃O₄ was successfully wrapped by SiO₂. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles have broad prospects in biomedical applications; thus, our next study will apply them in magnetic resonance imaging.     

Preparation of nanocrystalline Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> and its properties as supercapacitors

Electrochemical capacitors store the capacitance through faradic reaction, which is generally named psue-docapacitance or supercapacitance. They are currently extensively studied as novel energy storage devices. Due to their superb characteristics of high power density and long cycle life compared to the conventional batteries, their high pulse-power capability is very excellent. Inter-ests in supercapacitor energy-storage systems have arisen in recent years on account of possible applications…     

用于高性能超级电容器的基于蚕沙的二氧化锰/碳纳米复合材料

MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction. Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor, which was activated by ZnCl₂ and FeCl₃ combining chemical agents under Ar atmosphere. Thin and flower-like MnO₂ nanowires were in-situ anchored on the surface of the biomass carbon. The biomass carbon not only offered high conductivity and good structural stability but also relieved the large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process. The obtained MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance (238 F·g?1 at 0.5 A·g?1) and a superior cycling stability with only 7% degradation after 2000 cycles. The observed good electrochemical performance is accredited to the materials’ high specific surface area, multilevel hierarchical structure, and good conductivity. This study proposes a promising method that utilizes biological waste and broadens MnO₂-based electrode material application for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.     

One-pot synthesis of PVP-coated Ni<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>2.4</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanocrystals

Novel poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated nickel ferrite nanocrystals were prepared by simultaneously pyrolyzing nickel(II) acetylacetonate (Ni(acac)₂) and iron(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)₃) in N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The PVP coating was formed in situ through polymerization of NVP. The crystalline structure of the resultant nickel ferrite was analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction patterns, and powder X-ray diffraction. In addition, the valence state of Ni and the metal contents of Ni and Fe in different valence states were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic absorption and the phenanthroline method. The surface coating layer of PVP and its binding states were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with XPS. Colloidal stability experiments revealed that the nanocrystals could be dispersed well in both phosphate-buffered saline and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium.     

High-performance lithium–sulfur battery based on porous N-rich g-C3N4 nan-otubes via a self-template method

The commercial development of lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S) is severely limited by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LPSs) and the non-conductivity of sulfur. Herein, porous g-C3N4 nanotubes (PCNNTs) are synthesized via a self-template method and util-ized as an efficient sulfur host material. The one-dimensional PCNNTs have a high specific surface area (143.47 m2·g?1) and an abundance of macro-/mesopores, which could achieve a high sulfur loading rate of 74.7wt%. A Li–S battery bearing the PCNNTs/S composite as a cathode displays a low capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle over 800 cycles at 0.5 C with an initial capacity of 704.8 mAh·g?1. PCNNTs with a tubular structure could alleviate the volume expansion caused by sulfur and lithium sulfide during charge/discharge cycling. High N contents could greatly enhance the adsorption capacity of the carbon nitride for LPSs. These synergistic effects contribute to the excellent cycling stability and rate performance of the PCNNTs/S composite electrode.     

Electrodeposition and characterization of thermoelectric Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>Se<Subscript>3</Subscript> thin films

Bi₂Se₃ thin films were electrochemically deposited on Ti and indium tin oxide-coated glass substrates, respectively, at room temperature, using Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O and SeO₂ as starting materials in diluted HNO₃ solution. A conventional three-electrode cell was used with a platinum sheet as a counter electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode was used as a reference electrode. The films were annealed in argon atmosphere. The influence of cold isostatic pressing before annealing on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the films was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the film grown on the indium tin oxide-coated glass substrate is pure rhombohedral Bi₂Se₃, and the film grown on the Ti substrate consists of both rhombohedral and orthorhombic Bi₂Se₃.     

无定型MnO2的合成及电化学性能研究

以KMnO4、MnCl2和KOH为原料利用液相化学共沉淀法制备了MnO2电极材料,通过X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析、热重分析、循环伏安法和恒流充放电等测试手段对所合成材料的物理性质和电化学性能进行了表征.研究结果表明:该材料为无定型结构α-MnO2,比表面积高达90 m2·g-1,在0.5 mol·L-1 Li2SO4电解液中的电势窗口为0～0.8 V（vs.SCE）,在扫描速率为1 mV·s-1时的比电容高达110.2 F·g-1,漏电流为0.117 mA,经500次充放电后仍有良好的循环稳定性.     

石墨烯/二氧化锰复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

通过水热法在160℃条件下成功制备了手风琴状石墨烯/MnO2复合材料.通过场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、X射线能量色散谱、BET法以及拉曼光谱对材料进行表征.结果表明,手风琴状二氧化锰与层状石墨烯之间具有十分高效的贴合,这种创新性设计有效地利用了石墨烯的高电导率、大比表面积以及二氧化锰的优秀赝电容行为.电化学测试结果给出在0.2 A·g-1时,样品的比电容高达138 F·g-1,数倍增强于单独的二氧化锰或石墨烯样品.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Calorimetry of Ni（C4H8N2O3）2Cl2

A coordination complex was synthesized from NiCl2 and dipeptide glycylglycine（GG）. It was characterized by element analysis, NMR and TG methods, and then was determined to be Ni（C4HsN2O3）2Cl2. Using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ni（GG）2Cl2（solid） has been determined to be -（1 674.66±2.02） kJ · mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

Investigation on high magnetoresistance Ni0.81Fe0.19 films grown on （Ni0.81Fe0.19）1-xCrx underlayers

We have fabricated Ni0.18Fe0.19 films with (Ni0.18Fe0.19)1-xCrx films as underlayers by dc magnetron sputtering, the results show that larger anisotropic magnetoresistance (△R/R) values of Ni0.18Fe0.19 films are observed using the underlayers with Cr concentration of -36 at.% at an optimum underlayer thickness of -4.4 nm, the maximum AMR value is 3.35%. The results of atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the △R/R enhancement is attributed to the formation of large average grain size and the strong(111)texture in the Ni0.18Fe0.19 films.     

高性能长循环锌离子电池双金属氧化物ZnMnO3正极材料

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种锰基双金属氧化物ZnMnO₃纳米颗粒材料,首次将其应用于水系锌离子电池正极材料。在300 mA/g的电流密度下表现出高的放电比容量(175 mA·h/g)。在1 000 mA/g的电流密度下放电比容量仍然高达134 mA·h/g。与单金属氧化物相比,ZnMnO₃表现出更优异的循环稳定性和更好的倍率性能。通过非原位的电极表面扫描电子显微镜(SEM)形貌表征,ZnMnO₃在循环过程中能够保持结构的稳定性,从而具有稳定的长循环性能。通过非原位X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,ZnMnO₃的储锌行为符合嵌入脱出机理。     

具有微纳结构的FeS_2的制备及其储锂性能研究

金属硫化物具有较大的理论容量,有望成为下一代的锂电池负极材料,但是充放电过程中材料发生严重的膨胀/收缩、晶体粉化,使得材料的比容量迅速衰减.本文以铁醇盐为原料制备具有花状微纳结构的FeS_2,以达到抑制材料粉化效果.结果显示,300℃热处理得到的FeS_2样品能够充分保持中间体铁醇盐的花状微纳结构,结晶度高.450℃处理得到的样品表面为多孔状结构,而800℃处理未得到目标产物,样品分子式是Fe_9S_(10).电化学测试结果表明:300℃所得产物具有1 484.3mA·h/g的放电比容量,高于450℃的产物(1 326.7mA·h/g);在电流密度为200mA/g条件下,100次充放电循环后,300℃所得产物的放电比容量为480.8mA·h/g,远高于450℃所得产物的放电比容量(215.8mA·h/g).研究结果表明具有花状微纳结构对材料的粉化现象有较好的抑制作用.     

Synthesis and modification of well-ordered layered cathode oxide LiNi<Subscript>2/3</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Oxalic-acid-based co-precipitation method was employed to prepare LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ sample with a high-ordered structure. Li⁺, Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ acetates were used as starting materials. The influence of the amount of lithium source in the starting materials on Li⁺ content, disorder of Li⁺-Ni²⁺ ions, and electrochemical performance has been investigated. Rietveld refinement shows that the sample prepared with 20% excess Li-source in the starting materials exhibits a perfect ordered structure. A specific discharge capacity is as high as 172 mAh/g at C/20 in the voltage range of 4.35–2.7 V. However, the cyclability is not satisfactory: about 25.3% fade in capacity was observed over 50 cycles. Chemically stable SiO2 was coated on the surface of LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles. A significant improvement in cyclability was attained with 3 wt% SiO2 coating, which is ascribable to the protection of LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles from being dissolved into the electrolyte.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene over nanosized TiO2 prepared by solvothermal method

Nanosized TiO2 particles were prepared by solvothermal method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor,ethanol and water as solvents,and a facile immobilization method of nanosized TiO2 particles on woven glass fabric was developed. The samples obtained under various preparation conditions were charac-terized by means of thermo gravimetric analysis(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) ,X-ray diffraction(XRD) ,transmission electron microscopy(TEM) ,high resolution-transmission electron mi-croscopy(HR-TEM) ,and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) . The results show that the cube-shape of TiO2 prepared by solvothermal method has good crystallinity of(101) surface,higher thermal stability and large specific surface area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images confirmed that the immobi-lized TiO2 film was uniformly distributed and clung to the substrate firmly. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was tested using photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene. The results show that the TiO2 calcined after solvothermal treatment suffers from lower specific surface area,and hence de-creases its photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 by solvothermal treatment with or without calcination in degradation 400 mg/m3 benzene are 3.7 and 4.1 times as high as catalyst without solvothermal treatment,respectively.     

花状Ni(OH)2微球的制备及其对尿酸的快速检测

采用微波辅助水热法制备了均匀分级的氢氧化镍(Ni(OH)₂)微球,通过X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Ni(OH)₂的组成和形貌进行了表征.Ni(OH)₂微球的平均直径约1.6μm,复杂的花状结构使其具有较大的比表面积.将微球制备成Ni(OH)₂修饰的玻碳电极,并将其用于0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液中尿酸(UA)的检测,该电极具有良好的电催化活性.这种传感器表现出较宽的线性范围(0.1～1.5 mmol/L)和高灵敏度(475.71μA·L/(mmol·cm²)),且有较低的检出限(1.8μmol/L).利用电化学测试对内源性干扰物进行检验,发现Ni(OH)₂微球修饰电极对UA的选择性较好.结果表明:Ni(OH)₂微球在研发无酶尿酸传感器方面具有重要的应用潜力.     

Filter Paper-Derived Three-Dimensional Carbon Fibers Film Supported Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> as a Superior Binder-Free Anode Material for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Highly uniform and tight adhering of Fe₃O₄ particles on carbon fiber film (Fe₃O₄/CFF) is achieved through a simple in-situ thermal oxidation method. Particularly, 3D CFF with interconnected structure can shorten transfer path and buffer the volume expansion during charge-discharge cycling. Herein, the obtained Fe₃O₄/CFF anode exhibits a stable cycling performance and excellent high rate capability. The cell delivers a reversible capacity of 1 711 mAh·g^–1 at a current density of 100 mA·g^–1 after 100 cycles. Even at a high rate density of 2 A·g^–1, the specific capacity also can maintain 1 034 mAh·g^–1 after 100 cycles. The simplified fabrication is featured with low-cost and this binder-free perspective holds great potential in mass-production of high-performance metal oxide electrochemical devices.     

Enhanced electrochemical properties of LaFeO3 with Ni modification for MH-Ni batteries

In this work, we synthesized LaFeO₃-xwt%Ni (x=0, 5, 10, 15) composites via a solid-state reaction method by adding Ni to the reactants, La₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results revealed that Ni powders evenly dispersed among the LaFeO₃ particles and apparently reduced their aggregation, which imparted the composites with a loose structure. Moreover, the Ni formed a conductive network, thus improving the conductivity of the composites. The maximum discharge capacity of the LaFeO₃ electrodes remarkably increased from 266.8 mAh·g-1 (x=0) to 339.7 mAh·g-1 (x=10). In particular, the high-rate dischargeability of the LaFeO₃-10wt%Ni electrode at a discharge current density of 1500 mA·g-1 reached 54.6%, which was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the pure LaFeO₃. Such a Ni-modified loose structure not only increased the charge transfer rate on the surface of the LaFeO₃ particles but also enhanced the hydrogen diffusion rate in the bulk LaFeO₃.