Investigation of the kinetic mechanism of the demanganization reaction between carbon-saturated liquid iron and CaF2-CaO-SiO2-based slags

The demanganization reaction kinetics of carbon-saturated liquid iron with an eight-component slag consisting of CaO-SiO₂-MgO-FeO-MnO-Al₂O₃-TiO₂-CaF₂ was investigated at 1553, 1623, and 1673 K in this study. The rate-controlling step (RCS) for the demanganization reaction with regard to the hot metal pretreatment conditions was studied via kinetics analysis based on the fundamental equation of heterogeneous reaction kinetics. From the temperature dependence of the mass transfer coefficient of a transition-metal oxide (MnO), the apparent activation energy of the demanganization reaction was estimated to be 189.46 kJ·mol-1 in the current study, which indicated that the mass transfer of MnO in the molten slag controlled the overall rate of the demanganization reaction. The calculated apparent activation energy was slightly lower than the values reported in the literature for mass transfer in a slag phase. This difference was attributed to an increase in the "specific reaction interface" (SRI) value, either as a result of turbulence at the reaction interface or a decrease of the absolute amount of slag phase during sampling, and to the addition of calcium fluoride to the slag.     

Synthesis and characterization of Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> prepared from atmospheric pressure acid leach liquors of nickel laterite ores

A chemical precipitation-thermal decomposition method was developed to synthesize Co₃O₄ nanoparticles using cobalt liquor obtained from the atmospheric pressure acid leaching process of nickel laterite ores. The effects of the precursor reaction temperature, the concentration of Co2+, and the calcination temperature on the specific surface area, morphology, and the electrochemical behavior of the obtained Co₃O₄ particles were investigated. The precursor basic cobaltous carbonate and cobaltosic oxide products were characterized and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the specific surface area of the Co₃O₄ particles with a diameter of 30 nm, which were obtained under the optimum conditions of a precursor reaction temperature of 30℃, 0.25 mol/L Co2+, and a calcination temperature of 350℃, was 48.89 m2/g. Electrodes fabricated using Co₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibited good electrochemical properties, with a specific capacitance of 216.3 F/g at a scan rate of 100 mV/s.     

In-situ fabrication of Al(Zn)-Al2O3 graded composite using the aluminothermic reaction during hot pressing

In this study, the fabrication of multilayer Al(Zn)–Al₂O₃ with different volume fractions of Al₂O₃ was investigated. Al and ZnO powders were milled by a planetary ball mill, after which five-layer functionally graded samples were produced through hot pressing at 580℃ and 90 MPa pressure for 30 min. Formation of reinforcing Al₂O₃ particles occurred in the aluminum matrix via the aluminothermic reaction. Determination of the ignition temperature of the aluminothermic reaction was accomplished using differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometery analyses were utilized to characterize the specimens. The thermal analysis results showed that the ignition temperatures for the aluminothermic reaction of layers with the highest and lowest ZnO contents were 667 and 670℃, respectively. Microstructural observation and chemical analysis confirmed the fabrication of Al(Zn)–Al₂O₃ functionally graded materials composites with precipitation of additional Zn in the matrix. Moreover, nearly dense functionally graded samples demonstrated minimum and maximum hardness values of HV 75 and HV 130, respectively.     

气-固流化床中TiO2光催化剂的载体选择与催化动力学研究

在自制的流化床光催化反应装置中进行了TiO2光催化剂的载体选择与催化动力学研究,考察了石英砂、陶瓷球、粗孔硅胶和活性炭颗粒四种栽体的负载型TiO2催化剂光催化降解甲苯的性能及TiO2／粗孔硅胶的催化反应动力学。结果表明,粗孔硅胶是最适用于气固流化床光催化反应体系的载体;TiO2／粗孔硅胶光催化氧化甲苯反应符合Langmuir—Hinshelwood动力学模型,反应速率常数k为2．06262mg／（m^3·min）,吸附平衡常数K为0．03683m^3／mg。     

木质活性炭纤维负载纳米TiO_2降解甲醛的效果

以杉木木粉经苯酚液化、熔融纺丝、固化处理、二氧化碳活化后获得的木质活性炭纤维为载体,采用溶胶–凝胶法制备木质活性炭纤维负载纳米TiO2(WACFs/TiO2)光催化复合材料.研究光照时间、WACFs/TiO2催化剂用量、纳米TiO2负载量和初始甲醛质量浓度对WACFs/TiO2降解甲醛效果的影响.结果表明:随着光照时间、催化剂用量、初始甲醛质量浓度的增加,WACFs/TiO2对甲醛的降解率逐渐增加,但催化剂用量对甲醛降解率的影响相对较小;随TiO2负载量的增多,WACFs/TiO2对甲醛的降解率呈现先增加后减小的趋势.当光照时间7,h、催化剂用量0.5,g、纳米TiO2负载量29.89%、初始甲醛质量浓度8.82,mg/L时,WACFs/TiO2对甲醛的降解率达到92.33%.     

连续片状纳米TiO2薄膜的制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法，通过在制备过程中加入丙烯酸对纳米TiO2胶体颗粒进行表面修饰以及加入引发剂偶氮双异丁腈(AIBN)引发丙烯酸聚合，利用提拉法在载玻片表面制备了纳米TiO2薄膜；采用热分析仪考察了纳米TiO2胶体颗粒中有机物的热解行为，并用X射线衍射仪测定了经不同温度下焙烧后的纳米TiO2粉体的晶体结构；采用原子力显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察分析了薄膜的微观结构；在对不同制备条件下制备的纳米。TiO2干胶进行红外光谱分析的基础上，初步考察了薄膜成膜机理，结果表明，所制备的TiO2薄膜经400℃烧结处理后形成连续、片状、由粒径为6-8nm的纳米TiO2组成的薄膜材料。     

TiB_2含量对AlN-TiB_2复合材料导热性能的影响

采用热压烧结工艺制备了AlN-TiB2复合材料。通过激光导热仪,研究了TiB2含量对材料导热性能的影响。结果表明：随着TiB2含量的增加,复合材料的热导率逐渐下降,当TiB2含量增至50wt%时,热导率由102.9W.m-1.K-1下降到36.6W.m-1.K-1,并对A1N-TiB2的相组成和显微结构进行了观察分析。     

ACF担载TiO_2光催化降解甲醛的影响因素研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法（sol-gel）在活性炭纤维（ACF）表面制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光催化材料,利用XRD和SEM对薄膜进行了表征。使用该负载型纳米TiO2光催化材料处理室内空气中的甲醛污染物,分别研究了TiO2涂膜次数、甲醛初始浓度、相对湿度、温度以及光源等因素对甲醛降解效率的影响。实验结果表明,所制得的TiO2为锐钛矿型,平均粒径为20nm左右,TiO2涂膜次数为3层时甲醛降解效率最高;甲醛初始浓度越高降解效率越低,甲醛降解效率随温度升高而增大,相对湿度为48%时甲醛降解效率最高;一定波长（λ〈387nm）的紫外光照射是使用TiO2光催薄膜降解甲醛的必要条件。     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> magnetic composite nanoparticles by a one-pot process

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell composite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a one-pot process. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate was used as a surfactant to synthesize Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell structures from prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The properties of the Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared Fe₃O₄ particles were approximately 12 nm in size, and the thickness of the SiO₂ coating was approximately 4 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that the maximum saturation magnetization of the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ powder (34.85 A·m2·kg–1) was markedly lower than that of the Fe₃O₄ powder (79.55 A·m2·kg–1), which demonstrates that Fe₃O₄ was successfully wrapped by SiO₂. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles have broad prospects in biomedical applications; thus, our next study will apply them in magnetic resonance imaging.     

纳米二氧化钛-重铬酸钾协同光催化氧化体系快速测定化学需氧量

以纳米TiO2-K2Cr2O7协同光催化氧化体系为基础,结合分光光度法建立了一种快速测定水样中化学需氧量（COD）的简便方法．本方法具有线性范围宽,抗氯离子干扰能力强等优点．在选定的最佳条件下,线性范围为0．0-150．0mg·L^-1,检测限为0．4mg·L^-1;当氯离子含量在1000．0mg·L^-1以内时,相对误差在±5．0％范围内．     

ZnL2Cl4的晶体结构、荧光性质及标准摩尔反应焓变

在无水乙醇中,用1-氨基-4-甲基哌嗪缩水杨醛（L）与ZnCl2合成了希夫碱配合物ZnL2Cl4,对其进行了元素分析及固体荧光袁征,并用Xn射线衍射测定了其单晶结构．结果表明,Zn^2＋与4个Cl-形成配位键,并与配体以分子间氢键形式联接成三维超分子结构．晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为C2／c,晶胞参数α=12．0757（12）nm,b-8．9859（8）nm,c-27．435（3）nm,β=98．9450（10）°,V=2940．8（5）nm3,Z=4,F（000）=1344,Dc=1．463g／cm3,μ=1．231mm^-1．该L及ZnL2Ck均有较好的发光性质,发出蓝色荧光．298．15K下,ZnCl2和L在无水乙醇中的溶解焓及配合物液相反应生成焓分别为（7．150±0．022）,（-32．587±0．307）,（3．745±0．035）kJ／tool,热化学循环求得固相标准摩尔反应焓变为（-54．279±0．671）kJ／m01．     

纳米TiO2的制备、表征及其表面光电性能研究

采用均匀沉淀和直接沉淀2种方法合成了纳米TiO2,对所得产物进行了透射电镜和粒度分布的测试．结果表明：均匀沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2粒度分布均匀,团聚少,并且粒径较小,大约在20nm左右,基本呈球形;直接沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2粒度分布不够均匀,团聚现象比较严重,有较大颗粒存在,粒径在40nm左右,近似呈球形．对均匀沉淀法制得的TiO2前驱物采用不同的灼烧温度和灼烧时间,得到了不同晶型和粒径的TiO2粉体．对相同灼烧温度、不同灼烧时间的TiO2进行了XRD测试．并从均匀沉淀法制备的不同粒径的金红石型纳米TiO2中选取3种不同粒径的样品,进行了表面光电压测试和分析．     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb–Mo–ZrB2 composites prepared by hot-pressing sintering

Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites (V(Nb)/V(Mo)=1) with 15vol% or 30vol% of ZrB₂ were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering at 2000℃. The phases, microstructure, and mechanical properties were then investigated. The composites contain Nb-Mo solid solution (denoted as (Nb, Mo)ss hereafter), ZrB, MoB, and NbB phases. Compressive strength test results suggest that the strength of Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites increases with increasing ZrB₂ content; Nb–Mo–30vol%ZrB₂ had the highest compressive strength (1905.1 MPa). The improvement in the compressive strength of the Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites is mainly attributed to the secondary phase strengthening of the stiffer ZrB phase, solid-solution strengthening of the (Nb, Mo)ss matrix as well as fine-grain strengthening. The fracture toughness decreases with increasing ZrB₂ content. Finally, the fracture modes of the Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites are also discussed in detail.     

TiC含量对AlN-TiC复相材料导热性能的影响

采用热压烧结工艺制备了AlN-TiC复相材料。通过激光导热仪,研究了TiC含量对材料导热性能的影响。结果表明:随着TiC的质量分数的增加,复相材料的热导率逐渐下降,当TiC的质量分数增至50t%时,热导率由102.9 W/(m.K)下降到46.6 W/(m.K),并对A1N-TiC的相组成和显微结构进行了观察分析。     

热障涂层陶瓷材料La_2(Zr_(0.7)Ce_(0.3))_2O_7的制备和性能

研究了La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7(LZ7C3)的合成动力学及相结构,并根据合成过程中的损失对初始成分进行了设计,最终制备出符合原子比La∶Zr∶Ce为10∶7∶3的LZ7C3粉末.用X射线衍射仪和场发射扫描电镜研究了样品的相成分和微观组织,用激光脉冲法和推杆法测量了样品的热导率和热膨胀系数.结果表明:LZ7C3是由烧绿石结构的La2Zr2O7(LZ)固溶体和萤石结构的La2Ce2O7(LC)固溶体组成,其中LZ固溶体是主相;热导率随着温度的升高而逐渐降低,在1473 K时为0.79 W.m-1.K-1,较LZ降低了50%左右;热膨胀系数在1473 K时为11.6×10-6 K-1,比LZ提高了20%左右.这些优越的性能表明LZ7C3是一种具有较大应用前景的新型热障涂层陶瓷材料.     

Study on reduction of MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> powders with activated carbon to produce Mo<Subscript>2</Subscript>C under vacuum conditions

A method of preparing Mo₂C via vacuum carbothermic reduction of MoS₂ in the temperature range of 1350-1550℃ was proposed. The effects of MoS₂-to-C molar ratio (α, α=1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2.5) and reaction temperature (1350 to 1550℃) on the reaction were studied in detail. The phase transition, morphological evolution, and residual sulfur content of the products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and carbon-sulfur analysis, respectively. The results showed that the complete decomposition of MoS₂ under vacuum is difficult, whereas activated carbon can react with MoS₂ under vacuum to generate Mo₂C. Meanwhile, higher temperatures and the addition of more carbon accelerated the rate of carbothermic reduction reaction and further decreased the residual sulfur content. From the experimental results, the optimum molar ratio α was concluded to be 1:1.5.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/helical carbon nanofiber nanocomposites from the catalytic pyrolysis of ferrocene

High purity Fe3O4 /helical carbon nanofiber composites were obtained on a large scale by the catalytic pyrolysis of ferrocene in the presence of tin powder at 500°C over 12 h. The sizes of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are 35–65 nm in size, and the diameters of the helical carbon nanofibers range from 40–70 nm. The shapes and compositions of the nanocomposites are simply controlled by adjusting the reaction temperatures. On the basis of the obtained experimental results the formation of the helical Fe3O4/carbon nanofiber composites was investigated and discussed. The magnetic hysteresis loop of the products shows ferromagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization (M s ), remanent magnetization (M r ) and coercivity (H c ) values of ca. 29.8 emu/g, 9.6 emu/g and 306.6 Oe, respectively.     

介孔壳聚糖-氢氧化铝复合材料吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖和AlCl3为原料,制备了壳聚糖和α-Al（OH）3复合材料.用X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、红外、热重和比表面仪对其进行了表征.结果表明：α-Al （OH）3和壳聚糖复合物呈现典型的介孔特性,BET比表面积为55.4 m2·g^-1,BJH平均孔径为3.3 nm;复合材料对Cu2＋的平衡吸附量为43.55 mg·g^-1,对亚甲蓝的平衡吸附量为0.11 mg·g^-1.     

混晶纳米二氧化钛的合成与光降解酸性红3R研究

以简单,易得的无机盐为原料,采用两步反应法合成了一系列混晶纳米二氧化钛粉体,TEM观察产品为球型,粒径10～20 nm,无明显团聚.以产品作为光催化剂,酸性大红3R模拟有机污染物并以太阳为辐射光源,进行了光催化降解实验,并讨论了反应体系pH值对光催化效果的影响.结果表明,混晶纳米二氧化钛具有比纯相二氧化钛更高的催化活性,在120 min内可实现对污染物的接近100%矿化.     

含联苯结构环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其固化反应动力学

采用含联苯结构环氧树脂3,3＇,5,5＇-四甲基联苯二酚二缩水甘油醚(TMBP)与层间距为2.33 nm的有机蒙脱土(O-MMT)进行插层复合,并选用芳香型固化剂4,4 ＇-二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM),制备了TMBP/DDM/MMT纳米复合材料.采用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究该体系的固化反应动力学,求得其表观活化...