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1.
静止中心(QC)形成和干细胞区特化是植物根尖分生组织确立的标志。静止中心位于根尖分生组织中心,干细胞围绕在静止中心细胞周围。依赖于生长素的PLT途径和不依赖于生长素的SCR/SHR途径共同发挥维持静止中心细胞稳定的作用。静止中心和干细胞区的柱干细胞之间存在类似于WUS/CLV3的WOX5/ACR4/CLE40的反馈抑制调节途径,该调节途径维持着静止中心细胞和柱干细胞之间的平衡。静止中心和其他类型干细胞之间也可能存在类似的反馈抑制调节途径。生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素等植物激素信号在根干细胞功能发挥方面也起到重要作用,与各种基因一起组成根分生组织干细胞调控网络。  相似文献   

2.
根系发育是植物生长的重要组成部分,该过程由多种信号转导途径共同调节。组蛋白乙酰化和去乙酰化的动态变化对基因表达具有关键的调控作用,而对其在根发育中功能的研究还不深入。本研究通过组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂Trichostatin A(TSA)处理拟南芥,发现其主根生长受到抑制,分生区细胞数目变少。显微观察的结果表明TSA影响了根尖干细胞微环境。根尖微环境调控相关因子SCR和SHR的表达受TSA处理的影响并不明显,而PLT1/PLT2的表达受TSA强烈抑制。我们对生长素运输途径的分析发现在TSA处理条件下,PIN1表达只受轻微影响,而PIN2表达量明显下调。pDR5:GFP的结果表明TSA可能引起生长素在根尖的积累和分布变化。综上所述,TSA影响了拟南芥根尖干细胞微环境的维持,表明组蛋白的去乙酰化在根发育过程中发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
高等脊椎动物的外周神经损伤后可以再生,其功能也得到某种程度的恢复,但中枢神经受损后则再生困难,据推测是由于它们所处的微环境不同。本文就胶质细胞、神经生长因子、细胞外基质等神经元微环境对神经再生的影响、外周神经移植在中枢神枢再生中的应用作一概括。  相似文献   

4.
造血干细胞是所有免疫细胞和血细胞的来源,而造血微环境是造血干细胞增殖、发育和分化的场所,对造血干细胞发育为成熟血细胞起重要的调节作用。造血微环境(HematopoieticMicroenvironment,HME)的概念1970年首先由坦廷(Tentin)提出,当时认为它由骨髓中微血管系统、神经、网状细胞、细胞外基质及纤维组织等构成,对造血干细胞的分化成熟起调节作用。以后的研究证明,微环境中的基质细胞(StrormalCell,SC)及一些造血刺激因子是造血微环境的主要成份。1977年德克斯特(Dexter)建立了体外长期骨髓细胞培养系统地Long-TermBoneM…  相似文献   

5.
Nrf2对正常细胞和肿瘤细胞的微环境调控研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
正常细胞需要面对各种各样的微环境损害,它们通过多种机制应对有毒或致癌物质的损伤,其中最重要的细胞防御机制是通过转录因子Nrf2调节的.Nrf2介导的细胞保护反应能够保护多种器官或组织,Nrf2的激活意味着对抗包括肿瘤和炎症反应等多种人类疾病,而肿瘤细胞的微环境远远比正常细胞复杂,因此Nrf2的激活对于肿瘤细胞抵御治疗、促进生长意义重大.  相似文献   

6.
濒危植物小叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum barbigerum)微环境特点   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
茂兰国家级自然保护区有很丰富的兰花资源,小叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum barbigerumTang et Wang)生于海拔800~1 500m的石灰岩山丘荫蔽多石之地或岩隙中,被列入IUCN物种红色名录,属于IUCN濒危物种等级濒危(EN)。利用Li-6400便携式光合作用系统获得了小叶兜兰的光合反应日变化规律,分析植株和周围环境中微量的土壤,以及周围石灰岩的矿物质成分,得出结论,钙耐受和干旱耐受是茂兰国家级自然保护区作为小叶兜兰原生地最显著的特点。周围环境的高温,湿润的空气,高钙的土壤环境在全世界范围比较少见,这些特点是很多喜钙兰花在茂兰分布的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
8.
种子细胞体外的规模化扩增和结构、功能的维护是组织工程化组织构建的关键环节.多项研究显示三维模拟微重力环境对细胞的培养、自我更新、形态功能等生物学特性的维护非常有利.文中利用旋转式细胞培养系统(RCCS)结合微载体培养技术对人脂肪组织来源干细胞(hADSCs)进行了规模化培养的初步探索.通过细胞增殖曲线、染色体核型、流式细胞仪分析和分化能力等检测表明FACT Ⅲ微载体与hADSCs具有理想的生物相容性,在模拟微重力环境条件下,细胞在其表面生长并分泌大量细胞外基质,使得培养的细胞更好地维持其增殖、分化等基本生物学特性.该实验研究为组织工程种子细胞的培养及该过程中细胞功能老化、凋亡等问题的解决提供一定的理论支持和技术思路.  相似文献   

9.
工作室教学是目前国内许多高职院校艺术设计类专业广泛采用的一种教学模式,有助于学生对专业和行业有更深的认识和体会.但当前许多工作室都缺少应有的企业环境氛围和文化,妨碍了工作室育人功能的发挥,应从工作室定位、业务流程设计、空间环境设计等方面对艺术设计工作室微环境进行构建和评价,从而不断拓展高职艺术设计类专业的办学水平.  相似文献   

10.
11.
 结直肠癌(CRC)是全球发病率最高的消化道肿瘤之一,严重威胁人类的健康。近年来,类器官技术取得了令人欣喜的进展,已成为结直肠癌发生机制和临床转化研究的重要新工具。回顾了结直肠癌生态位信号通路的变化,总结了类器官技术在结直肠癌建模、肿瘤微环境研究、药物筛选、个体化治疗等方面的应用进展,讨论了当前类器官面临的挑战,并从类器官培养技术标准化和工程技术应用等角度展望了类器官的未来发展方向。  相似文献   

12.
由于干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的功能,使得人们用干细胞治疗多种疾病成为可能.就干细胞的研究概况、研究技术、干细胞技术的市场前景以及干细胞研究面临的问题等作一概述.  相似文献   

13.
干细胞及其应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
干细胞是当今细胞生物学乃至整个生命科学的主要热点之一,从干细胞的概念、生物学特性、分类等方面对干细胞进行了阐述,同时也对干细胞在移植治疗、克隆技术及转基因技术等方面的应用作了综述。  相似文献   

14.
    
In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright’s staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34+ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34CD38+. Wright’s staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.  相似文献   

15.
In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright's staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34+ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34-CD38+. Wright's staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.  相似文献   

16.
利用培育的干细胞(SC)来实现组织再生和器官修复对于许多重大疾病如糖尿病、心脏疾病、老年性痴呆(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、神经损伤等的治疗具有重要意义,同时也是新药研发的重要工具.使用体细胞核转移技术(SCNT)克隆人类早期胚胎和提取干细胞,即所谓的\"治疗性克隆\"(Therapeutic cloning)技术,是目前进行干细胞个性化治疗的重要手段,具有广泛的临床应用前景.通过这种方法获得人胚胎干细胞的研究尚处于基础阶段,仍面临着许多有待解决的科学问题和技术挑战.在此主要就用于\"治疗性克隆\"人胚胎干细胞的研究进展做了简要综述,着重探讨了在该研究领域面临的主要困难,特别是在获得人成熟卵细胞方面,并提出了可能的解决办法.  相似文献   

17.
间质干细胞来源、鉴定、可塑性和应用前景(综述)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
间质干细胞(MSCs)存在于骨髓、肌肉、骨、软骨等部位,可分化为中胚层的细胞,如成骨细胞、成软骨细胞、成脂肪细胞等,亦可分化为内胚层、外胚层的细胞,如神经细胞、肝脏细胞、肾脏细胞等,同时由于来源广、易于分离扩增和基因转染,在临床、科研上有很大的潜在应用价值。  相似文献   

18.
近些年来干细胞的应用研究几乎涉及到所有生命科学和生物医学研究领域.由于干细胞能够自我更新和多向分化的生物学特性,使得干细胞工程在细胞的分化和胚胎发育、转基因动物和动物克隆、新型高效药物的开发和临床细胞治疗、组织工程等方面的研究中等有着广泛的应用前景,同时,作为一门新兴学科也面临着许多挑战.  相似文献   

19.
To investigate the potential of cardiomyogenic differentiation of rat hone marrow stromal cells (MSCs), they were exposed to 5-azacytidine treatments (single/repeat) at varying concentrations (3, 5, 10μmol/L) and the fates of the cells were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, Western blot and the reporter gene of enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) under the control of ventricular myosin light chain 2 (MLC2v) promoter. MSCs were also cocultured with cardiomyocytes for periods up to 16 days, and the expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain(MHC) and troponin Ⅰ (Tn I) proteins was analyzed. After the induction with 5-azacytidine, neither spontaneously beating ceils nor myotubes were found; MHC and Tn I proteins were also undetectable and no ECFP-positive MSCs were detected. But when cocultured with cardiomyocytes, spontaneously contracting MSCs were observed and cardiac specific proteins could be detected. The results proved that the novel effects of 5-azacytldine on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of MSCs should be questioned and a direct intercellular communication with cardiomyocytes is necessary for MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes.  相似文献   

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