辽东湾地区烃源岩生物标志物特征与油源对比

利用烃源岩和原油的生物标志物参数,在有效识别和区分3套烃源岩的基础上通过油岩对比划分原油成因类型并探讨其分布特征.研究表明:3套烃源岩具有各自不同的生物标志物参数组合,沙一段烃源岩以其较高的w(伽马蜡烷)/w(C30藿烷)、长链三环萜烷比值(ETR)和较低的w(藿烷)/w(甾烷)区别于其他两套烃源岩;东三段烃源岩以相对较高的w(C19三环萜烷)/w(C23三环萜烷)、w(C24四环萜烷)/w(C26三环萜烷)和较低的w(4-甲基甾烷)/w(C29规则甾烷)区别于沙三段烃源岩;不同的生物标志物参数组合反映3套烃源岩具有不同的母质类型和沉积环境;辽东湾地区已发现的原油可划分为沙三型、沙三沙一混合型和东三型3种成因类型;沙三沙一混合型原油是辽东湾地区最主要的原油成因类型,广泛分布在凹陷内部和凸起;沙三型和东三型原油在局部地区分布,分布范围受烃源岩演化程度的控制.     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组原油生物标志物特征及油源对比

 系统采集鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界的烃源岩、富县地区延长组原油及油砂样品,对它们的饱和烃馏分进行GC-MS 分析,通过对生物标志物组成特征的研究探讨富县地区延长组原油的来源。结果表明:根据Pr/Ph,8β(H)-补身烷和C30重排藿烷相对含量,鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界烃源岩可划分为A₁、A₂、A₃、A₄、B 类,富县地区延长组原油可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,目前发现的原油主要是第Ⅰ类;第Ⅰ类原油来自A₁类烃源岩(深湖相沉积相带的长7 油页岩),第Ⅱ类原油来自A₂类烃源岩(深湖-半深湖沉积相带的长7 暗色泥岩),第Ⅲ类原油来自A₃类烃源岩(半深湖沉积相带的长7 暗色泥岩)。     

江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜三段盐间烃类特征及其指示意义

利用岩石热解与色谱-质谱分析方法对江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜三段页岩层系进行分子地球化学特征研究后发现,潜三段下部10韵律与11韵律层系在热解参数和分子地球化学方面具有明显差异。其中,10韵律层系岩石热解具有游离烃(S1)高、有机碳(TOC)含量高,而热解烃峰值温度(T_(max))低的特征,生物标志物参数表现出C_(29)甾烷异构化参数(S/(S+R)、ββ(αα+ββ))高,C_(35)升藿烷优势,反映成熟烃源岩的特征; 11韵律层系具有S1低、TOC含量低,而T_(max)高的特征,生标参数表现出C_(29)甾烷S/(S+R)低,呈未熟烃源岩的特征。综合考虑到地质因素的作用,认为潜三段10韵律存在侧向运移的烃类浸染,而其下部的11韵律则反映了源岩自身的地化特征。     

确定有效烃源岩有机质丰度下限的一种新方法——以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区上三叠统延长组湖相泥质烃源岩为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系上三叠统延长组长4+5、长6、长7和长9段暗色泥岩为例,利用有机碳与氯仿沥青"A"转化率、热解有机质相对生烃量(IHC=S1/w(TOC),%)的关系,建立了适合研究区的湖相有效泥质烃源岩的有机质丰度下限值.热解S1和氯仿沥青"A"含量代表烃源岩中的已生烃量,在不排烃情况下,随有机碳含量增加而增大,当其减小时则表明有烃类的排出.代表有机质相对生烃量的热解参数IHC和沥青转化率(w(A)/w(TOC),%)随有机碳含量增加而开始降低的转折部位对应的有机碳含量即为有效烃源岩的下限值,研究区的有机碳质量分数为1.1%,相应的热解S1+S2下限值为2.2 mg/g,氯仿沥青"A"质量分数下限值为0.03%,总烃质量分数下限值为150×10-6.该下限值主要适合于研究区湖相有效烃源岩的识别,不同含油气盆地不同层段的有效烃源岩有机质丰度下限值应根据相应的分析数据加以确定.     

基于变系数ΔlogR技术的烃源岩TOC精细评价

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷主力烃源岩层(南一段)烃源岩非均质性强,总有机碳(TOC)波动明显,利用有限的测试样品表征整套烃源岩层的生烃潜力具有较强的不确定性;烃源岩层的测井响应表现为高自然伽马、高声波时差、中等电阻率,易于识别,但是烃源岩测井评价参数的通用性差,难以建立起具有普遍适用性的TOC预测公式。针对上述问题,采用变系数ΔlogR技术评价该区烃源岩TOC,将ΔlogR技术中的经验参数视为待定系数,从模型参数地质意义出发,通过针对单井和"分区、分相"预测模型中的待定参数,完成全区120口井TOC测井评价,利用测井计算TOC实现烃源岩分级评价,通过"钻井定频率、层序定展布"的方法,得到南一段不同丰度级别烃源岩的厚度。结果表明,变系数ΔlogR技术预测TOC误差平均为16.6%,比传统方法平均降低19.9%;南一段差烃源岩厚度一般15~20 m,中等烃源岩厚度一般10~20 m,优质烃源岩的厚度一般20~45 m;南一段差烃源岩、中等烃源岩、优质烃源岩的体积分别为0.46×10~(11)、1.08×10~(11)和1.59×10~(11)m~3。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区延长组长6原油地球化学特征及油源分析

通过对原油、含油砂岩、露头剖面样品、钻井泥岩分子地球化学特征和碳同位素的分析表明:鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区长6原油为轻质原油,具有低密度、低黏度、低凝固点的特征;原油和含油砂岩抽提物族组成中,饱和烃含量所占比重大,饱芳比高、原油碳同位素轻,小于-32‰;原油正构烷烃碳数分布型式为前峰型单峰态,正构烷烃保存完整,主峰碳为nC_(13)~nC_(22),原油具明显奇偶优势比,轻质组分占优势,植烷优势明显;原油规则甾烷呈"V"和"L"型分布,β胡萝卜烷含量很低,ααα20RC_(27)甾烷相对含量高于ααα20RC_(29)甾烷;伽马蜡烷含量低,孕甾烷及规则甾烷相对较高,硫芴含量较高,三芳甾烷和甲基三芳甾烷丰度较高,反映了原油的母源形成于盐度不高的沉积环境,有机质母源以浮游水生生物及高等植物的输入为主;原油饱和烃中,甾、萜烷的αααC_(29)甾烷20S/(20S+20R),αααC_(31)甾烷20S/(20S+20R)等参数均处于热演化平均状态,甲基菲指数表明原油处于成熟阶段。通过对延长组长9、长7段烃源岩与长6原油、含油岩心抽提物,甾、萜类化合物特征对比分析表明,长6原油与长9烃源岩的生物标志化合物存在较大差别,二者对比性较差,不具备相关性,没有亲缘关系;长6与长7烃源岩的对比性较好,因此认为长6原油主要来源于长7段烃源岩。     

鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾地区山西组泥页岩生气特征

鄂尔多斯盆地山西组页岩气有较好的资源潜力,但其生气机理研究薄弱,为研究其泥页岩生烃过程及机理,文中采用高压釜-封闭式金管的生烃热模拟实验,分别对山西组山1和山2烃源岩生烃过程和生烃量分析,结果发现:2个层位中甲烷和非烃类气体具有相似产出特征,两者产率随着成熟度升高而增加,且低升温速率下产率更高;重烃气C2-5和液态烃两者产率随着成熟度升高都表现出"先升后降"型抛物线特征,山1和山2等2个页岩样品总热解气量分别为444.94 mg/g TOC和343.66 mg/g TOC,总热解气产率中,烃类气体(C1-5)产率分别为98.69 mg/g TOC和126.44 mg/g TOC,非烃类气体(H2,CO2和H2S)产率分别为346.25 mg/g TOC和175.79mg/g TOC.山1和山2泥页岩生烃过程历经三段式的演化模式,至146 Ma(晚侏罗世末),Ro达到0.78%,甲烷累积产率分别达到7.28 m L/g TOC,7.41 m L/g TOC.至距今96 Ma(早白垩世末)地层温度达到最大值201.82℃,Ro达到2.15%,泥页岩甲烷瞬时产率达到最大值,分别为3.21,3.80 m L/g TOC·Ma,达到高峰。从晚白垩世开始至55 Ma(始新世早期),Ro保持在2.31%,生气停止,山1泥页岩甲烷累积产率保持在103.8 m L/g TOC,山2泥页岩甲烷累积产率保持在113.6 m L/g TOC.对比发现,山2泥页岩的气态烃和液态烃产率均远远高于山1泥页岩,且山1泥页岩烃类气体含量始终低于40%,证实该地区山西组泥页岩具有较好的生气潜力,其中山2生气能力较大。     

陇东西峰地区延长组烃源岩热演化程度研究

利用热分析、可溶有机质分析、干酪根镜质体反射率及生物标志物参数等,对与油藏有密切关系的延长组长8—长7段进行了热成熟度研究。烃源岩热解峰温、沥青和烃转化率、Ro值、OEP值、C29 ααα-20S/（20S+20R）甾烷参数值和C31 αβ-22S/（22S+22R）藿烷参数值均指示,长8—长7段烃源岩整体处于大量生烃的成熟有机质演化阶段,并已达到生油高峰,具备有利的生排烃条件。尽管西峰地区不同井位的构造位置和现今地层埋深各不相同,但经历了相近的沉降与热演化历史,长8—长7段烃源岩具有一致的热演化程度。为全面揭示鄂尔多斯盆地西南部西峰地区延长组烃源岩的生、排烃能力,提供了基础资料。     

措勤盆地它日错地区郎山组烃源岩生物标志物特征

郎山组是措勤盆地内的主力烃源岩,位于措勤盆地它日错凹陷的郎山组烃源岩为研究揭示该区有机质生源构成、沉积环境和成熟度提供了珍贵的素材。在野外调查的基础上,应用色谱和色谱-质谱分析技术,对郎山组烃源岩展开了生物标志物研究。结果表明:郎山组烃源岩遭受了1~2级的生物降解作用;正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜烷和甾烷等相关参数反映了烃源岩的母质为混合来源,并以低等水生生物(如藻类)为主。烃源岩的形成环境为相对还原的低盐度环境。烃源岩有机质热演化程度较高,达到了高成熟阶段。生物标志物参数进一步反映了郎山组烃源岩具有良好的生烃潜力,对该区油气勘探提供了重要的参考资料。     

桂西北泥盆系罗富组泥页岩烃源岩有机地球化学特征及意义

通过野外剖面勘测、室内烃源岩地球化学分析以及碳同位素测试的方法和手段,对桂西泥盆系罗富组(D_2l)的黑色泥页岩烃源岩进行了研究。结果表明:研究区烃源岩有机质丰度普遍较高,TOC值为0.62%~2.74%,平均值为2.12%,均超过生烃门限(TOC=0.2%);氯仿沥青"A"含量为0.003 5%~0.143 8%,平均值为0.0439%,总烃含量(HC)为9.144~1177.5×10~(-6)(ppm),平均值为302.14×10~(-6)(ppm),生烃条件好。河池-南丹剖面烃源岩有机质类型主要为Ⅰ_1型,其他绝大部分为Ⅰ_2型在河池西南剖面有机质出现Ⅲ_1型。R_0的值为3.47%~3.73%,均处于过成熟阶段。有机质正构烷烃的分布既有单峰型,又有双峰型;Pr/Ph的比值均小于1,三环萜烷以C_(23)和C_(21)为主峰,藿烷以C_(30)藿烷含量最高,其次为C_(29)藿烷,伽马蜡烷/C_(30)。藿烷的比值为0.15~0.16,伽马蜡烷含量较高;C_(28)甾烷含量最高,其次是C_(29)甾烷,C_(27)甾烷含量最低,甾烷呈反"L"型分布。以上生物标志化合物的参数表明:罗富组烃源岩的有机质来源以低等水生生物为主,并有陆源高等植物的输入,沉积环境为还原的微咸水海相沉积环境。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with