东秦岭—大别山地区中生代岩石圈拆沉的岩石学证据评述

岩石圈拆沉是碰撞造山带物质成分调整和构造演化的重要方式之一。构造地质研究、地球物理探测和地球化学分析等都已揭示东秦岭－大别山带曾在中生代发生岩石圈拆沉，但有关中生代变质作用岩浆活动与岩石圈拆沉的内在联系研究却较为薄弱。通过全面评述该区变质岩研究成果，作者认为：超高压变质岩的形成和剥露经历了240－200Ma的板片冷俯冲冷折返和193－163Ma的岩石圈拆沉热折返；热折返伴随了广泛而强烈的区域变质作用和中酸性岩浆活动，指示板片断离拆沉的发生；超高压变质岩p-T-t轨迹由两部分组成，即反映板片冷俯冲冷折返过程的发夹 状曲线和指示板片断离拆沉热折返过程的新月形曲线。通过对花岗岩类同位素年龄统计和前人研究成果的评述，初步确定在200－100Ma之间发育大量花岗岩类，并集中在150－100Ma为主（即侏罗纪－白垩纪之交），高峰时间为130Ma左右；花岗岩类大量发育指示了岩石圈拆沉的存在，且滞后于根据变质研究所揭示的拆沉时间。 羌塘地体、拉萨地体和西太平洋古陆在侏罗纪与欧亚大陆拼贴碰撞的远距离效应使东秦岭－大别造山带长期处于挤压环境，伸展作用被抑制；白垩纪的碰撞晚期伸展和西太平洋沟弧盆体系的远距离效应使东秦岭－大别地区的外部挤压消失，导致造山带岩石圈迅速强烈拆沉伸展和减压增温熔融，从而形成大规模早白垩世花岗岩类和中酸性火山岩。总之，东秦岭－大别地区岩石圈拆沉所导致的岩浆活动主要发生在J3－K1的挤压伸展转变期。     

西秦岭地区晚中生代OIB型玄武岩的发现及其意义

在西秦岭地区发现一套晚中生代玄武岩,其地球化学成分类似O IB的特征,暗示该地区晚中生代岩浆源区来源于软流圈,其起源可能与岩石圈拆沉作用、软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈伸展减薄有关,这为全面秦岭大别造山带中生代岩石圈演化提供了有利的直接证据。     

云开造山带条带-眼球状(环斑)强过铝花岗岩的岩石地球化学、年代及成因

云开造山带广泛出露的条带-眼球状(环斑)花岗质岩石及紫苏花岗岩岩石地球化学和离子探针(SHRIMP)定年的研究表明,绝大多数为强过铝(SP)高钾钙碱性-钙碱性花岗岩,并且是高温俯冲-碰撞后构造环境形成的强过铝(SP)高钾钙碱性-钙碱性花岗岩。高钾钙碱性条带状黑云二长花岗岩、眼球状(环斑)黑云二长花岗岩到钙碱性紫苏花岗闪长岩(闪长岩)和片麻状含榴黑云二长花岗岩形成时代逐渐变新,岩浆结晶锆石SHRIMP年龄由(465±10)Ma、(467±10)Ma变为(435±11)Ma、(413±8)Ma,侵入辉长岩的Sm-Nd矿物-岩石等时线年龄为(392±53)Ma,并主要形成于俯冲-碰撞转换为碰撞后底侵-伸展的构造环境,其中紫苏花岗闪长岩(闪长岩)和片麻状含榴黑云二长花岗岩具A型花岗岩地球化学特征,侵入辉长岩的形成则标志俯冲-碰撞造山作用的结束和大陆伸展作用环境的开始。条带-眼球状(环斑)花岗岩及紫苏花岗岩中尽管存在四堡期(格林威尔)造山事件的重要信息,但它们应代表加里东期扬子板块向华夏板块俯冲-碰撞后拆沉-底侵-伸展作用构造环境岩浆岩活动的产物,并且经历了印支期的挤压抬升和伸展揭顶作用。     

龙门山造山带轿子顶新元古代花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

目的 对扬子地块西北缘后龙门山地区轿子顶穹窿构造核部的花岗岩类进行年代学研究.方法 利用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学对其形成时代进行约束.结果 轿子顶花岗岩体中变形花岗岩和块状花岗岩中锆石均发育岩浆韵律环带结构,具有较高的Th/U比值(0.52～1.23、O.32～1.16),为岩浆成因锆石.对变形花岗岩和块状花岗岩中岩浆锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果分别为793±11Ma和792±11Ma,表明它们的形成时代完全一致,均为新元古代晚期南华纪早期.结论 轿子项岩体具有后碰撞岩浆活动特征,是新元古代扬子地块西北缘活动大陆边缘俯冲以及弧陆碰撞造山作用导致的地壳增厚下地壳部分熔融的产物,形成于同碰撞(挤压环境)向碰撞后(伸展环境)转化阶段,即后造山期,是Rodinia 超大陆初始裂解阶段产物.     

论北秦岭加里东期造山作用

提出北秦岭加里东造山带由华北地块南缘，以未变质—浅变质沉积岩系为主体的前陆褶断带和北秦岭以中—深变质岩系及强烈岩浆活动为特征的山根带两个主要部分组成。认为它自成体系，相应的变质、变形、岩浆作用发育。该造山带是早古生代未秦岭古洋盆沿商丹—桐柏一线俯冲、消减，促使秦岭古岛弧系碰撞华北地块，造成弧后边缘海闭合所致，是显生宙秦岭造山带形成演化进程中的重大构造事件之一。     

东秦岭岩石圈热流变学结构初探

目的研究秦岭造山带的岩石圈流变学结构以探索其地球动力学意义。方法通过岩石圈温度结构约束，计算了岩石圈流变学结构。结果秦岭北半部的后陆冲断褶带和厚皮叠瓦逆冲带的莫霍界面温度为305℃，以冷地温、厚岩石圈和流变分层不明显的C模型为特征；南秦岭莫霍界面平均温度642℃，最高达826℃，具有显著的热地温、薄岩石圈和中下地壳及其上地幔顶部强烈流变的H模型特点。结论在后造山阶段，北秦岭是华北和扬子二地块相向向秦岭造山带陆内俯冲的前锋会聚区域，现今处于以岩石圈加厚为主、拆沉作用初始发动的共存状态；南秦岭可能在地幔柱作用下发生新的拆沉作用和部分底侵作用，其轴部区域的地壳内现今存在部分熔融，壳-幔之间正在进行物质、能量（热传导和热对流方式）等的再循环。     

苏鲁造山带岩浆岩的锆石U Pb定年及构造意义

锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学分析结果显示,苏鲁造山带南缘连云港锦屏山片麻状花岗岩形成于(806.0±14.0)Ma,海州群云台组变质火山岩形成于(800.8±7.8)Ma,张八岭隆起的张八岭群西冷组变质火山岩形成于(751.6±7.1)Ma和(767.0±15.0)Ma.这些岩浆岩总体上具有高钾钙碱性系列、右倾型REE(Rare Earth Elements)模式、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti强烈亏损、中等负铕异常、重稀土弱到中等亏损、低Sr、高Yb等特点,与浙闽型岩浆岩反映的区域伸展环境和下地壳部分熔融是一致的.这次构造岩浆活动820～740Ma,是晋宁期主碰撞造山后Rodinia超大陆裂解和岩石圈减薄演化的记录.     

东大别超高压变质带构造研究进展

大别山造山带的形成和演化主要经过南北板块碰撞、碰撞后超高压变质岩折返和燕山早期穹隆构造形成3个构造阶段,其主体构造格架由碰撞后超高压变质岩折返过程中的伸展作用和燕山早期穹隆构造所形成.文中根据不同岩石单元在超高压变质岩折返和穹隆构造形成中的构造表现,以主期构造特征及其后构造演化的一致性为原则,将东大别造山带的变质岩系分为南大别岩片构造带、中大别穹隆构造带和北大别隆滑-逆冲构造带3个构造单元,系统论述了各构造单元构造变形的几何学和运动学特征,从造山带整体构造演化的角度厘定出3个阶段的5期变形,探讨了它们在大别山构造演化和超高压变质岩形成和折返中的动力学意义.     

大容山-十万大山花岗岩带中A型紫苏花岗岩、麻粒岩包体的发现及意义

桂东南大容山-十万大山花岗岩带南部发现的紫苏花岗岩体及其中的大量基性麻粒岩、片麻岩包体的研究表明,麻粒岩包体普遍发育等温减压后成合晶变质结构,其主要变质反应为：Ga Sill→Spl Q;Ga Q→Opx Crd和Gt Sill Q→Crd,显示麻粒岩经历了快速抬升揭顶作用。基性麻粒岩中锆石主要由内核和外壳组成,内核以变质结晶特征为主,外壳为岩浆结晶特征,内核变质结晶年龄集中分布于(950-1100)Ma,外壳岩浆结晶年龄为248Ma,而紫苏花岗岩的Sm—Nd矿物一岩石等时线年龄为202Ma,并具有典型A型花岗岩岩石化学特征,标志着印支期造山作用的结束。据此,提出桂东南印支期A型紫苏花岗岩的源岩为中元古末四堡期造山事件(格林威尔)形成的麻粒岩相变质岩,印支期碰撞造山后的快速抬升伸展揭顶部分熔融作用形成了A型紫苏花岗岩,这为华南中元古末四堡期(格林威尔)江山-绍兴造山带的南延和晚古生代特提斯造山带的东延,以及印支期造山作用的结束提供了重要证据。     

秦岭—大别造山带中几条重要构造带的特征及其意义

目的 研究秦岭一大别造山带内几条重要构造带的构造变形特征,以探讨其动力学过程.方法 通过该造山带中各构造带的几何学、运动学特征研究,分析板块构造体系向陆内构造体系转换和大陆动力学体系演化等地质过程.结果 ①洛栾构造带是二郎坪弧后盆地与华北板块南缘的陆内构造拼合带,形成于365 Ma±,挤压方向为240→60°;②商丹断裂带在260 Ma±形成,挤压方向为220→40°,以压扁作用为主,正花状构造,显示出板块碰撞带的构造特征;③襄广断裂带是扬子板块在220 Ma±,由185→5°方向与大别造山带斜向汇聚的结果;④殷马断裂带为一条右行平移的韧性剪切带;⑤武穴构造对接带是大别造山带南缘与扬子板块北缘的构造复合带,是在140 Ma±扬子板块总体由S→N挤压所致;⑥宜鲁构造带是东秦岭造山带北界,为S→N逆冲的叠瓦状推覆构造,上地壳缩短率为52%;⑦郯庐断裂带是秦岭一大别造山带东端的一条多期活动的剪切带.结论 秦岭一大别造山带经历了不同构造体制转换、板块构造系统发展、板块构造体系向陆内构造体系转换以及大陆动力学体系发展演化等地质过程;显示出古生代以来逆时针"转动挤压"到"三面围限"的动力学过程.     

Post-collisional lithosphere delamination of the Dabie-Sulu orogen

The consistence between the first rapid cooling time (226-219 Ma) of the untrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks in the Dabie Mountains and the formation time (205-220 Ma) of the syncollisional granites in the Qinling and Sulu areas suggests that the first rapid cooling and uplift of the UHPM rocks may be related to breakoff of subducted plate. Therefore the second rapid cooling and uplift (180-170 Ma) of the UHPM racks needs a post-collisional lithosphere delamination which resulted in the granitic magmatism with an age of about 170 Ma. In addition, the rapid rising of the Dabie dome in the early Cretaceous (130-110 Ma) and the corresponding large-scale magmatism in the Dabie Mountains need another lithosphere delamination. The geochronology of the post-collis- ional mafic-ultramafic intrusions and geological relationship between the mafic-ultramafic intrusions and granites suggest that partial melting was initiated in the mantle, and then progressively developed in the crust, suggesting a mantle upwelling underneath the Dabie Mountains. The unusual fractional trend of the gabbros characterized by lower SiO2 content (46.24%) corresponding to lower MgO content (4.53%) and their typical geochemistry features of the lower crust suggest underplating of the mantle derived magma and interaction between the magma and lower crust before their intrusion. Lithosphere delamination could be the dynamic cause of the mantle upwelling and underplating. The seismic tomography results of the Dabie Mountains and adjacent areas clearly show lithosphere thinning below the north and south sides of the Dabie Mountains. Because there is no Cenozoic magma event in the Dabie Mountains, the lithosphere thinning may result from delamination of thickened lithosphere mantle after collision. In addition, both the lower velocity zone in the 40 km depth and the basin + dome + basin coupling relationship in the Dabie Mountains also suggest the lithosphere delamination and underplating on the two sides of the orogen.     

Granitic magmatism related to early Paleozoic continental collision in North Qinling

Zircon U-Pb dating of early Paleozoic granitoids in North Qinling yields three age peaks of ~500, -452 and -420 Ma. They can be temporally correlated with high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism at ca. 500 Ma, retrograde granulite-facies meta- morphisms at ca. 450 Ma and amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ca. 420 Ma, respectively. The first episode of granitic magma- tism is considered to have resulted from continental collision, whereas the second and third episodes of magmatism are attributed to crustal uplifting. Combined with the regional geological setting and new results from high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks, the ca. 500 Ma magmatism is interpreted as the result of partial melting of sedimentary rocks in accretionary wedge between the south Qinling microcontinent and the north Qinling belt including the southern margin of the North China Craton. The ca. 450 Ma intensive magmatism is ascribed to dehydration melting of deeply subducted continental crust at thick- ened conditions in response to slab breakoff, and the final magmatism in ca. 420 Ma is interpreted as the product of partial melt- ing during the tectonic transition from contraction to extension.     

Formation history and protolith characteristics of granulite facies metamorphic rock in Central Cathaysia deduced from U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic studies of single zircon grains

The petrochemical as well as zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic studies of granulite facies metamorphic rock from the Tao＇xi Group in eastern Nanling Range, Central Cathaysia indicate that its protolith is the sedimentary rock with low maturation index. The clastic materials are mostly from middle Neoproterozoic （-736 Ma） granitoid rocks with minor Neoarchaean and Paleoproterozoic rocks. The timing of this Neoproterozoic magmatism is in agreement with the second period of magmatism widespread surrounding the Yangtze Block. Hf isotopic data indicate that the Neoproterozoic granitoids resulted from the recycled Paleoproterozoic mantle-derived crustal materials. The sedimentary rock was deposited in Late Neoproterozoic Era, and carried into low crust in Early Paleozoic. The partial melting of the meta-sedimentary rock took place at about 480 Ma and subsequently granulite facies metamorphism occurred at ca. 443 Ma. The zircons forming during this time interval （Early Paleozoic） show large Hf isotope variations, and their ZHf（t） values increase from -13.2 to ＋2.36 with decreasing age, suggesting the injection of mantle-derived materials during partial melting and metamorphism processes in the Early Paleozoic. Calculation results show that this metamorphic rock, if evolved to Mesozoic, has similar isotopic composition to the nearby Mesozoic high Si peraluminous granites, implying that this kind of granulite facies metamorphic rock is probably the source material of some Mesozoic peraluminous granitoids in eastern Nanling Range.     

U-Pb zircon age of the foliated garnet-bearing granites in western Dabie Mountains, Central China

U-Pb zircon dating on two foliated garnet-bearing granite samples in the western Dabie ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic unit yields concordant ages of (234±4) Ma and (227±5) Ma, respectively. These ages, following the UHP peak metamorphism, represent the magma emplacement ages for the foliated garnet-bearing granites. This, for the first time, shows that there are the Triassic granites in the Dabie Mountains. The foliated garnet-bearing granites resemble A-type granite in geochemical characteristics, indicating that they were formed in extensional geodynamic setting. The magma formation reflects a reheating event in the Dabie orogenic belt and it enhances the transfer of tectonic regime from collision into extension and promotes the rapid exhumation into lower crust for the UHP metamorphic rocks.     

Decoupling of surface and subsurface sutures in the Dabie orogen and a continent-collisional lithospheric-wedging model：Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidences of Mesozoic igneous rocks in eastern China

Based on the distribution of UHPM rocks on the surface in Sulu terrane, the surface suture between the NCB and SCB should be located along the Wulian fault (see Fig. 1, S1). However, based on the aeromagnetic data of eastern China, Li[1] first indicated that the subsurface suture between the NCB and SCB in the region east of the Tan-Lu fault should be located to the east of Nanjing City (see Fig. 1, S2), which south displaced about 400 km from the surface suture. This is contradicto…     

Subduction age of Neo-Tethys oceanic crust in southwest Yunnan, China: Laser micro-area40Ar-39Ar dating

The basic granulite, which is considered to be the MORE based on geochemistry and isotopic characteristics[1], has been discovered recently as the enclaves in the Yingjiang island-arc magmatic suite on the border of Burma and west Yunnan, east of Myitkyina suture in the eastern Burma. The laser micro-area 40Ar-39Ar technique is used to date the age of garnet and cliopyroxene that is the result of the early metamorphic event. The isochron outcome is -74.4 Ma which is induced to be the age of the suduction event of the Myitkyina oceanic crust on the basis of the Cenozoic lithosphere tectonic evolution, tectonic thermal events and the age of deformation and metamorphism. The discovery of the high-grade or high-pressure metamophic rocks in the island-arc magmatic suite by the way of studying its P-T-t paths can provide a good way to study the age and process of oceanic crust subduction, slab break-off, metamorphic terrain exhumation and the evolution of paleoocean basin.     

西秦岭光头山花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

光头山花岗岩体出露于勉略缝合带北侧, 主要由英云闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。英云闪长岩表现为片麻状构造, 局部英云闪长岩糜棱岩化形成花岗质糜棱岩。而二长花岗岩在糜棱岩带形成之后侵位, 含有少量的石榴石,弱的片麻状到块状构造。LA-ICPMS 锆石原位U-Pb同位素定年结果表明, 光头山岩体为两个阶段侵位, 糜棱岩化英云闪长岩( 样品GT18-01)的侵位结晶年龄是221±6Ma, 而二长花岗岩(样品GT11-01)的结晶年龄是199±4Ma,代表了晚期二长花岗岩形成的时代。结合区域构造背景和前人研究的地球化学特征, 早期的英云闪长岩可能在勉略洋盆闭合前的岛弧发育阶段侵位, 代表了洋壳俯冲的弧岩浆活动的产物。然后扬子地台与秦岭微陆块拼合, 形成勉略缝合带。约199Ma秦岭主造山期同碰撞岩浆活动形成了晚期(石榴石)二长花岗岩。因此, 勉略洋盆闭合和勉略缝合带形成时期大约为221～199Ma 。     

秦岭西坝花岗岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石 U-Pb 年代学及其地质意义

西坝花岗岩位于南秦岭构造带陕西境内, 主要由花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和英云闪长岩组成。LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 原位同位素定年结果表明, 西坝岩体侵位于印支期, 由二长花岗岩样品(XB01-2)得到了219±1 Ma的年龄, 花岗闪长岩样品(XB06-1) 给出的年龄是218±1 Ma, 二者在误差范围内一致, 约218Ma代表了西坝花岗岩体的成岩时代。西坝岩体的年龄结合区域构造背景以及前人研究的地球化学特征, 说明它可能是秦岭主造山期岩浆活动的产物。     

Zircon U-Pb ages of granites at Changba and Huangzhuguan in western Qinling and implications for source nature

Mesozoic granitoids are widespread in the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. Precise U-Pb dating on these granitoids can reveal the evolution of the continental collision orogen and thus provide information on the nature of magma sources. This study presents zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and whole-rock geochemical analyses for two intrusions at Changba and Huangzhuguan in western Qinling. Zircon U-Pb ages for central and marginal phases of the Huangzhuguang intrusion are 214±1 Ma and 213±3 Ma, respectively. Zircons from the Changba intrusion yield a dominant cluster with an U-Pb age of 213±2 Ma. Collectively, these ages are younger than ages of 220 to 240 Ma for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism due to the continental collision between the South China Block and the North China Block, corresponding to syn-exhumation magmatism. Some inherited zircons occur in the Changba intrusion, yielding a weighted mean of ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages at 757±14 Ma. This indicates that the Changba intrusion has the crustal source of mid-Neoproterozoic ages and a tectonic affinity to the South China Block. Geochemically, the two intrusuons are both rich in LILE and LREE but depleted in HFSE and HREE, similar to arc-type igneous rocks. The Huangzhuguang intrusion exhibits linear correlations between SiO₂ and the other major oxides, implying chemical evolution from a cognate magma source. It contains mafic enclaves, suggesting possible mixing of felsic-mafic magmas. The Changba granite is rich in Si and K but poor in Fe and Mg as well as has a high value of Fe*, suggesting strong differentiation of granitic magma. Therefore, the two intrusions were derived from the Late Triassic anatexis of the continental crust of different compositions in the northern margin of South China Block. This process may be coupled with exhumation of the subducted continental crust in the stage of late collision.     

Fluid inclusions hidden in coesite-bearing zircons in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from southwestern Sulu terrane in eastern China

Fluidinclusionstudiesarepowerfultoolsfordeci-pheringthefluidevolutionandfluid-rockinteractionin-volvingultrahigh-pressure(UHP)metamorphismofcrustalrocksatmantledepths.Thecompositionandprop-ertiesoffluidinclusionscanreflectthephysico-chemicalconditionsofthefluidsduringplatesubduction,UHPmetamorphismandexhumation.However,UHPmeta-morphicrockscommonlyexperiencedconsiderablede-compressionrelatedtotherapidexhumationprocess.Thishascausedtheinternalpressureoftheinclusionstrappedinthemetamorphicmin…