缩聚型磺酸系列高性能外加剂的结构特点

以萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物和磺化三聚氯胺甲醛树脂作为缩聚型磺酸系列高效减水剂比较的相对基准，从理论推断出缩聚型磺酸系列的其它减水剂具有与相对基准减水剂数量相等或相近的、上限为13的磺酸根个数时，才会有高减水率；同时还对缩聚型磺酸系列高效减水剂的管架及其关系作了分析讨论．     

混凝土高效减水剂

混凝土高效减水剂又称超塑化剂,是一类高分子缩聚物,根据它的化学组成可分为萘磺酸盐甲醛缩聚物、三聚氰胺甲醛缩聚物和改性木质素磺酸盐等三类。它出现在本世纪六十年代。1963年日本花王石碱公司首先研制成了一种以β-萘磺酸盐甲醛缩聚物为主要成分的高效减水剂,其商品名为迈蒂(mighth)。日本用这种     

聚羧酸系高效减水剂的合成与分散机理研究

在氧化还原的引发体系中,将聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）与马来酸酐（ＭＡ）的缩聚物,丙烯酸（ＡＡ）,２－丙烯酰胺基－２－甲基－丙基磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）,丙烯酸羟丙酯（ＨＰＡ）,醋酸乙烯酯（ＶＡｃ）共聚合成直链含 羟基、羟基、磺酸基等官能团,支链含醚基的多官能团共聚物,通过对其性能和机理研究发现,它们都是组成高效减水剂的基体;当聚合时ＰＥＧ缩聚物的比例较大和ＰＥＧ分子一定长时,产物有好的净浆流动性和一定的坍落度保持     

中低强度砼中粉煤灰和高效减水剂的掺加技术

根据试验所得的数据,对同标号基准砼和高性能砼的性能进行对比,论证了在基准砼中掺加粉煤灰和高效减水剂的作用,对粉煤灰的最佳掺量和高效减水剂的掺加技术做了进一步研究,探讨了中、低强度砼可持续发展的途径。     

共聚羧酸高效减水剂的合成与性能评价(第一部分)

通过分子设计，研制出一类带有长侧链聚醚基因、羧酸基因、磺酸基因、羧酸酯基因的共聚羧酸高效减水剂（CoPoCa-I)。这类高效减水剂的减水率可达到25％左右，改善了新拌混凝土坍落度经时损失，混凝土28d抗压强度增加53％。     

共聚羧酸高效减水剂的合成与性能评价(第三部分)

合成出一类含多种侧链官能团的共聚羧酸高效减水剂（CoPoCa-Ⅲ）。这类共聚物分子中带有羧酸及其盐，磺酸及其盐，羟基，酯基及醚基等。减水率≥28－30％，新拌混凝土初始坍落度很大，且1h内坍落度保持性≥90％，混凝土28d抗压强度最大增加56％。CoPoCa-Ⅲ类高效减水剂还可以与萘系减水剂复配使用，采用20％和CoPoCa-Ⅲ与80％萘系复配的复合型高效减水剂，显改善了萘系减水剂的减水率和混凝土坍落度保持性能。     

聚羧酸系减水剂的合成及性能

以甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯磺酸钠等单体为主要原料,合成了含磺酸基、羧基、聚氧乙烯长侧链的聚羧酸高效减水剂。系统研究了反应单体摩尔比、引发剂用量、pH调节剂种类等因素对聚羧酸减水剂分散性能的影响,并对自制的XK聚羧酸减水剂结构进行了红外光谱表征及主要应用性能考察。     

高效减水剂对结构混凝土长期性能影响

研究了聚羧酸(PCA)、高浓、低浓萘系(H-PNS,L-PNS)3种高效减水剂对混凝土浆体初始流动度、抗压强度及碳化、氯离子渗透扩散系数、干湿循环破坏性能影响.结果表明,PCA高效减水剂与H-PNS,L-PNS高效减水剂相比,具有掺量低、混凝土坍落度保持性好、早期强度发展快的特点.掺加3种高效减水剂混凝土中,相同碳化时间里,掺加L-PNS减水剂混凝土碳化深度>掺加H-PNS减水剂混凝土碳化深度>掺加PCA减水剂混凝土碳化深度,掺加L-PNS减水剂的混凝土氯离子渗透扩散系数>掺加H-PNS减水剂的混凝土氯离子渗透扩散系数>掺加PCA减水剂的混凝土氯离子渗透扩散系数.掺加3种高效减水剂的混凝土受干湿循环劣化损伤(相对抗压强度比、相对动弹性模量、质量损失)影响不大.     

大分子反应法制备聚羧酸系减水剂的正交实验研究

通过大分子反应,合成了一类主链带羧基、磺酸基,支链带聚氧乙烯基醚的聚羧酸高效减水剂。运用正交实验分析法,研究了苯乙烯、马来酸酐、聚乙二醇的摩尔比及催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对聚羧酸减水剂性能及羧酸接枝率的影响,得到合成该减水剂的最佳配方和工艺条件。     

改性草浆碱木素减水剂的制备与性能评价

针对草浆碱木素化学改性,研究了引发氧化和磺化制备改性草浆碱木素减水剂(MLP)的工艺参数,通过测定MLP的红外光谱、MLP在水泥颗粒表面的吸附量、水泥ζ-电位、MLP水溶液的表面张力及掺MLP的水泥净浆流动性,对MLP进行了表征,并试验研究了掺MLP的混凝土性能.试验结果表明:通过对草浆碱木素进行氧化改性和磺化改性,可获得含有羟基、磺酸基等官能团的木质素磺酸盐减水剂,减水率达到15.2%;碱木素经改性后,表面活性提高,通过吸附一分散作用,降低水泥颗粒的ζ-电位,并可显著降低水的表面张力;掺MLP的混凝土性能符合高效减水剂国标要求.草浆碱木素经氧化和磺化改性后,不仅可代替木浆木质素磺酸盐使用,而且因其具有高效减水剂的性能指标,还可单独作为高效减水剂使用,或部分取代萘系高效减水剂.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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