杜仲提取物抗运动疲劳作用的实验研究

目的探讨杜仲提取物对大鼠激素水平、物质代谢及运动能力的影响。方法 SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组、力竭运动组、力竭运动加药组(服用杜仲提取物)。7周力竭运动后取材测定血清胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长激素、血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原、乳酸血尿素和血红蛋白等生物化学指标。结果①与安静对照组比较:力竭运动组大鼠胰岛素和生长激素水平显著低于安静对照组,(P<0.05或P<0.01),胰高血糖素水平显著高于安静对照组(P<0.05);肝糖原、肌糖原含量及血糖浓度显著低于安静对照组,且均有极显著性差异(P<0.01);血乳酸浓度和肌乳酸含量均显著高于安静对照组(P<0.01),BU浓度极显著高于安静对照组(P<0.01),Hb含量显著低于安静对照组(P<0.05);跑台运动至力竭时间显著长于安静对照组(P<0.05)。②与力竭运动组比较:力竭运动加药组大鼠胰岛素和生长激素水平均极显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.01),胰高血糖素水平显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.05);肝糖原含量及血糖浓度极显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.01),肌糖原含量显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.05);血乳酸和肌乳酸浓度极显著低于力竭运动组(P<0.01);BU浓度极显著高于力竭运动组(P<0.01),Hb含量极显著低于力竭运动组(P<0.01);大鼠跑台运动力竭时间有显著的延缓作用(P<0.05)。结论杜仲提取物可提高力竭运动大鼠激素水平,改善物质代谢,延长运动时间,增强运动能力。     

力竭运动训练对锦鲫幼鱼无氧代谢能力的影响 (动物科学)

将锦鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼20尾随机平均分成训练组和对照组,在25℃水温下每天饱足投喂1次;其中训练组实验鱼持续2周进行强度为每天2次的力竭运动训练;随后分别测量实验鱼力竭运动后的耗氧率并计算过量耗氧(EPOC);待力竭运动恢复8 h后再分别取样测量肌乳酸、肝乳酸的含量和肌肉中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、柠檬酸合成酶(CS)的活性。研究发现,力竭运动训练组与对照组的EPOC分别为(166.2±7.2)、(108.0±6.2)mg.kg-1,训练组显著高于对照组(p<0.05);肌乳酸含量分别是(17.4±0.8)、(25.4±1.7)μmol.g-1,训练组显著低于对照组(p<0.05);训练组实验鱼的肝乳酸含量、LDH和CS的活性与对照组之间均无显著差异。研究表明力竭运动训练有助于提高锦鲫幼鱼的无氧代谢能力;无氧代谢能力的提高可能与乳酸清除速率加快有关。     

日粮添加乳酸菌对苏尼特羊脂质代谢及肉品质的影响

为探究日粮添加乳酸菌对苏尼特羊脂质代谢和肉品质的影响,选取12只3月龄苏尼特羊[体重(18.70±2.69)kg],随机均分为对照组(基础饲粮)和乳酸菌组(基础饲粮添加复合乳酸菌,复合乳酸菌活菌数为1.5×10⁹CFU/g),进行90d的饲养实验,对宰后苏尼特羊肉品质、血脂指标、脂肪酸组成以及脂质代谢相关调控基因的表达量进行测定。结果表明:乳酸菌组苏尼特羊背最长肌肌内脂肪含量和24h的pH值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),L*值和蒸煮损失显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。乳酸菌组苏尼特羊血液中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；背最长肌中γ-亚麻酸、花生三烯酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十四碳烯酸含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。日粮添加乳酸菌可能影响苏尼特羊血脂代谢和脂肪酸组成。与对照组相比,日粮添加乳酸菌促进了苏尼特羊脂质代谢水平,使乳酸菌组苏尼特羊背最长肌中腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α2基因表达量显著降低(P<0.05),乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1C的基因表达量均显著升高(P<0.05)。因此,日粮添加乳酸菌能够通过抑制腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α2—乙酰辅酶A羧化酶信号通路,调节苏尼特羊脂质代谢。     

鳊鱼匀加速游泳能力的研究

为考察鳊鱼(Parabramis pekinensis)幼鱼的匀加速游泳(Constant acceleration swimming)能力,将32尾实验鱼随机均分为4组,即对照组和3个处理组(每组样本量n=8),驯养温度为(25±1)℃。处理组分别在0.1、0.2和0.4cm·s-2的加速度(a)条件下,测定实验鱼的最大匀加速游泳速度(Constant acceleration speed,Ucat)及游泳测定过程历时(t);游泳力竭后,立即取血浆、白肌和肝脏,进行生化测定(对照组不经游泳直接取样进行生化测定)。实验结果显示:随着a的增大Ucat分别为62.85、73.66、75.62cm·s-1,其中0.2cm·s-2组及0.4cm·s-2组的Ucat无显著差异,但均显著大于0.1cm·s-2组(p0.05);t显著下降(p0.05),分别为:632、349、174s;肌乳酸含量和血乳酸浓度增大,当a为0.4cm·s-2时,肌乳酸含量和血乳酸浓度均显著高于对照组(p0.05);4组之间的肝乳酸含量无显著差异;处理组的肌葡萄糖含量随着a的增大而显著增加(p0.05),但0.1cm·s-2组的肌葡萄糖含量显著低于对照组(p0.05);4组之间的肌糖原含量无显著差异。研究表明随着a的增大,鳊鱼幼鱼的Ucat增加,t缩短,肌乳酸含量增大,这应与鱼类无氧代谢参与程度的增加密切相关;血乳酸水平的提高应由"乳酸泄露"所致;而底物消耗与匀加速游泳能力及游泳路程有关。     

饲粮中添加蚯蚓液对樱桃谷鸭肌肉品质的影响

试验旨在探索蚯蚓液对42日龄樱桃谷鸭肌肉品质的影响。选用240只1日龄樱桃谷鸭,用单因子试验设计,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,各组分别饲喂添加蚯蚓液0%、1%、1.5%、2%的基础饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)胸肌肉粗蛋白含量2%组明显高于0%组和1.5%组(P0.01),粗脂肪含量蚯蚓液1.5%组高于其他各组(P0.05)。2)胸肌肉缬氨酸(Val)、异亮氨酸(Ile)含量0%组高于2%组和1.5%组(P0.05);酪氨酸(Tyr)含量2%组高于0%组(P0.05),明显高于1%组(P0.01);色氨酸(Trp)含量2%组高于1%组(P0.05);8种必需氨基酸含量2%组高于1.5%组(P0.05)。3)其他指标均差异不显著(P0.05),因此,樱桃谷鸭饲粮中添加2%蚯蚓液能改善肉的品质。     

不同食盐添加量对冷藏草鱼品质的影响

以草鱼背部白肌肉为实验材料,研究了不同食盐添加量(质量分数为 0%、0.5％、2.5％、5.0%)对于鱼肉在冷藏(0℃,1、6、13d)期间品质变化的影响。双因素方差分析结果表明,冷藏时间以及食盐对鱼肉的pH值、丙二醛含量和总挥发性盐基氮含量具有显著影响(P<0.05),且双因素对pH值和丙二醛含量的影响没有显著的交互作用。添加质量分数为2.5%和5.0%的食盐,使得鱼肉的pH值显著低于对照组(0% NaCl)、丙二醛含量平均值分别高于对照组28%~189%和120%~322%, 显示促氧化作用;但添加质量分数为0.5%的食盐对脂肪氧化有抑制作用,使得冷藏6、13d后鱼肉的丙二醛含量下降18%~31%。食盐浓度和冷藏时间对鱼肉的色泽(L*、a*、b*值)影响很小。鱼肉的总挥发性盐基氮含量在冷藏期间的增加符合一级反应动力学模型(R² 为0.9701~1.0000),其反应速率常数(0.0498~0.0894d-1)随食盐浓度的增加而降低。     

温度和低氧对白鲢乳酸与糖水平的影响 (动物科学)

考察温度对鱼类低氧耐受生化反应的影响,以白鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)幼鱼为对象;分别在15、30℃条件下驯化2周;随后将实验鱼置于密闭呼吸室中通过鱼体自发耗氧进行低氧处理,并以不经历急性低氧处理的实验鱼为对照组;分别测定实验鱼的血液和白肌中乳酸、白肌和肝脏中的糖原、葡萄糖含量。实验结果显示,经急性低氧处理后高、低温组血乳酸含量均显著上升(p<0.05),而低氧处理后15℃下肌糖原和30℃下肝葡萄糖含量却显著降低(p<0.05);随着温度的升高(不论低氧处理与否)肌乳酸含量均显著降低(p<0.05),而温度的升高并未改变实验鱼的肌葡萄糖以及肝葡萄糖的含量;统计检验结果表明温度与低氧处理间不存在交互作用。研究表明,白鲢幼鱼在面临温度变化和低氧胁迫时鱼体内代谢底物和无氧代谢产物水平均产生相应的变化,这种变化对实验鱼适应不同温度环境及低氧胁迫有着重要的意义。     

马齿苋对力竭小鼠血乳酸的动态干预作用及其量效关系

目的:研究马齿苋对力竭小鼠血乳酸的动态干预作用及其量效关系。方法:将72只昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为4个组,对照组(蒸馏水)、实验Ⅰ组(2.5%马齿苋水溶液)、实验Ⅱ组(5%马齿苋水溶液)、实验Ⅲ组(10%马齿苋水溶液),每组18只小鼠。每次按剂量10 mL/kg,令小鼠在4 h内饮用,每天2次,连续7 d。于实验第8 d,行力竭游泳实验,记录每只小鼠的无负重力竭游泳时间,测定运动前、运动后即刻、运动后3 h、运动后24 h每只小鼠的血乳酸含量。结果:实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组可明显延长力竭游泳时间(P0.05),减小游泳后即刻血乳酸含量(P0.05)和运动时相血乳酸每分平均蓄积率,提高运动后3 h和24 h血乳酸每小时平均清除率;实验Ⅲ组可显著缩短力竭游泳时间(P0.05),对运动时相乳酸蓄积率无显著影响(P0.05),但能轻度提高运动后3 h和24 h血乳酸每小时平均清除率(P0.05)。结论:1)马齿苋水溶液浓度在2.5%~5%之间可产生确切的提高运动耐力、促进疲劳恢复的效应,其最佳效应浓度为5%。2)马齿苋是对力竭小鼠运动时相乳酸蓄积和恢复时相的乳酸清除具有双重改善作用的抗疲劳药物。     

花椰菜茎叶—玉米芯混合青贮料对肉牛生长性能、屠体品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验主要就花椰菜茎叶—玉米芯混合青贮饲料对肉牛的生长性能、屠体品质和血清生化指标的影响进行了研究.选择12只平均体重差异不显著、健康无疾病的西门塔尔杂种肉牛,随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,饲养时间为50天.3个处理分别为:CK组,40%精料+60%玉米秸秆;S50组,40%精料+30%混合青贮料+30%玉米秸秆;S100组,40%精料+60%混合青贮料.结果表明,在生长性能方面,S50组、S100组平均日增重显著高于CK组(p<0.05),分别比CK组提高了12.16%和32.43%;S50组、S100组干物质日采食量显著高于CK组(p<0.05),分别比CK组提高了14.86%和36.35%;各组料重比之间无显著性差异(p>0.05).在屠体品质方面,CK组、S50组、S100组之间的肉色、pH值、失水率、剪切力、熟肉率均无显著差异(p>0.05).而S100组的大理石纹等级与S50组和CK组差异显著(p<0.05),S100组的等级明显高于其他两组.在血清生化指标方面,CK组、S50组、S100组的血糖含量无显著差异(p>0.05);S50组、S100组的总蛋白含量显著高于CK组,分别比CK组高出了14.34%和17.66%;S50组、S100组的尿素氮含量显著低于CK组,分别比CK组低了14.01%和16.21%.由此可知,花椰菜茎叶—玉米芯混贮饲料替代玉米秸秆能提高肉牛的生长性能,改善肉牛的大理石纹品质和提高血清中总蛋白浓度、降低尿素氮浓度.     

运动营养补剂对健美操运动员机体乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶的影响研究

随机选取XX大学体育学院健美体操运动员120例,采用数字随机法分为观察组(n=60)与对照组(n=60),对照组进行常规体能训练,观察组则在服用运动营养剂后进行体能训练,对比两组运动员的机体乳酸脱氢酶及肌酸激酶水平.结果表明:观察组运动员的训练优良率显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组运动员运动后的乳酸脱氢酶及肌酸激酶水平均低于对照组(P0.05);两组运动员运动后的谷草转氨酶、尿素、总蛋白对比差异不显著,无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组运动员运动后的血浆脂蛋白脂酶、载脂蛋白CⅡ显著低于对照组(P0.05),肝性脂酶显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组健美操运动员的RBC、HCT显著高于对照组(P0.05),RDW、MCV显著低于对照组(P0.05).这表明服用运动营养补剂能够降低健美操运动员的乳酸脱氢酶及肌酸激酶水平,改善运动耐力,减轻运动员的疲劳.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the