Auditing as a Trust Creation Process

This paper offers an account of a process to build up relations of trust as a necessary condition for developing a new concept of auditing. The conceptual base of the discussion is centered upon the idea of managing complexity. Specifically, trust is observed not only as a form of reducing the complexity of our world relevant to each of us, but also as a most powerful amplifier of social complexity. In the paper the distinction is made between contextual trust and responsible trust. It is argued that responsible trust is necessary in order to accept diversity and increase the organization's performance in a demanding environment. This, in turn, suggests the necessity to move from hierarchical organizations to recursive organizations. The system in focus in this work was the Colombian State and, in particular, the National Audit Office of Colombia, which has begun a process to support the development of self-controlled organizational systems.     

Second-Order Auditing Practices

This paper describes the process that was followed at the Colombian National Audit Office, during 3.5 years, to develop new auditing practices, called second-order auditing. The purpose of the second-order control is to detect possible faults in the internal control mechanisms of the audited entities. General and particular models for second-order audit are presented, along with a method to carry out this type of auditing. Finally, a particular application of second-order auditing carried out in a Colombian national institution is presented.     

审计评价Agent系统结构模型与优化

审计评价的Agent系统问题,就是行为审计博弈方的最优对策问题,即审计服务双方对其收益最大化的管理与优化.因此,风险因素在审计收益管理中有着重要影响,当把风险因素引入审计评价系统,并设定评价为Agent模式后,审计资产所有者风险份额的相对控制会从外部推动审计服务与评价效能的提升,内部会启动提高审计资产所有者效率的动力机制,从而提高了评价系统活力.通过审计评价系统的Agent模型与优化调控审计绩效评价管理方向,有助于促进审计绩效的持续改善,更好地促进审计服务创新发展.     

基于灰Fuzzy控制算法的车辆悬架与转向综合控制

建立了垂向、侧向、俯仰及横摆运动的4自由度集成车辆模型,对汽车悬架和转向系统的协调综合控制进行了研究,为了改善传统模糊控制器(TFC)的性能,在灰预测算法的基础上提出了灰模糊控制器用于估计系统下一时刻的输出量;为了提高集成车辆在不平路面激励下的稳定性以及垂向振动特性、俯仰特性等,提出了集成灰模糊控制方法(IGFC),并进行了计算机仿真,结果表明集成灰模糊控制方法的控制效果要优于传统的模糊控制系统以及被动系统.     

二阶多智能体系统的一致性分析

研究了二阶连续多智能体系统的一致性问题,其中每个智能体能够实时获得自己的速度信息,但是只能在一些离散时刻上获得自己和邻居的相对位置信息。在给定的控制输入下,建立了一致性成立的充要条件,并将该理论结果应用到多机器人编队控制问题中。提供的数值仿真进一步验证了理论结果的有效性。     

An Interpretive-Systemic Framework for the Study of Community Organizations

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the systemic study of community organizations (COs) in contemporary societies. This framework is made up of two ideal-type models of COs. These models are structured around the notions of rights, social interaction, and the State. The first ideal-type model is based on a liberal conception of society, and the second model is grounded on communicative ethics as developed by Habermas for contemporary deliberative democracy. The relevance and limitations of such interpretive framework are discussed when a brief exploration on the social meaning of COs in Venezuela unveils grounds for further questioning about the role of COs in contemporary society.     

一类非线性系统的动态面二阶滑模控制

针对一类具有非匹配不确定的严格反馈非线性系统,基于动态面控制和二阶滑模控制设计方法,进行一种新颖的状态反馈控制器设计,实现了不确定系统任意小的跟踪误差。动态面控制类似于反演设计,但其包含一系列低通滤波器;低通滤波器允许控制对象数学模型不可微,这样就避免了反演设计所存在的"膨胀项",减少了计算量,易于实现。同时,由于引入二阶滑模控制,消除了传统滑模控制(一阶滑模控制)存在的抖振现象,既增强了控制系统的鲁棒性,又提高了系统的控制精度。     

综合飞行/火力/推进控制系统建模

针对空—地轰炸模态,研究了综合飞行／火力／推进控制系统的建模;根据综合系统机理进行系统分解,建立各个子系统扩展模型;按照综合系统组合结构和子系统之间耦合作用建立耦合作用模型;由耦合作用模型组合子系统扩展模型建立综合系统模型;按照火控、飞控和推进控制系统功能之间的耦合作用,建立多重递阶的综合控制系统结构,该结构描述了子系统控制之间指令与跟踪的耦合作用。在建立的综合系统模型上进行了攻击机采用机翼非水平甩投方式的轰炸过程数学仿真。仿真表明,该模型表达了综合系统中子系统功能之间的耦合作用,可用于综合控制系统设计、验证与评价。     

一种基于二阶滑模的柔性运载火箭姿态控制

为了实现柔性运载火箭的高精度姿态控制,针对传统滑模控制中存在的抖振问题,提出了一种新型的二阶滑模变结构控制方案,并利用超螺旋算法得出控制律.在运载火箭的飞行过程中,运载火箭姿态控制系统是具有参数不确定和外界干扰的复杂系统,该方法在保证控制系统鲁棒性的前提下,有效地削弱了抖振现象,从而避免了激发出箭体高频弹性模态,能够较好的改善控制系统的动态响应性能.仿真结果表明,该方法在运载火箭姿态控制中取得了较好的控制效果,同时具有较强的鲁棒性.     

机载机电系统综合管理分布式仿真平台设计

通过对以往机载机电管理系统的研究，设计了机载机电设备综合管理分布式仿真平台系统结构，该变了原有系统“散、乱、杂”的局面，展现了新一代飞机机载机电设备综合管理系统的布局与体系结构；采用基于windows实时扩展模块RTX和1553B双冗余总线技术，提出了仿真平台的软、硬件体系，保证了系统的实时性和容错性。仿真平台提供仿真中需要的通用模型库，利用该平台可进行多型号机载机电系统综合管理仿真。系统软件采用模块化设计，具有可扩展性和一定程度的开放性。     

Churchman and Maturana: Enriching the Notion of Self-Organization for Social Design

C. West Churchman and Humberto Maturana share similar cultural traditions involving frustrations with applying conventional systematic methods in domains of social systems design (Churchman) and neurobiology (Maturana). They have independently of each other developed a rich systemic framework of analysis based on a constructivist epistemology. But there appears to have been little correspondence between the two traditions. This paper explores six possible areas of congruence between the critical systemic perspective associated with Churchman and Maturanas autopoiesis. This initial sketch reveals possible ways forward in applying ideas of autopoiesis to our social world through a more constructive and adaptive conversation with the works of Churchman.     

"维修装置"智能综合操纵半实物仿真系统

介绍了“浅海海底管线电缆检测和维修装置”智能综合操纵和动力定位半实物仿真系统的组成、工作方式、人机交互显示、集中操纵的设计思想、装置的控制策略及对线控位仿真结果。该系统主要包括智能综合操纵和动力定位系统显控台、装置运动仿真机两大部分。目前智能综合操纵和动力定位显控台已经安装在“管线电缆检测与维修装置”上，装置在长江中已经进行完水面航行和潜浮控制试验，试验结果表明：系统运行可靠，人机界面形象直观，操纵灵活，大大减轻了操控人员的工作强度。     

基于递推最小二乘法的炮控系统参数辨识仿真

炮控系统内部结构复杂,机理建模很难建立其较为客观的数学模型,针对这一问题,提出用递推最小二乘法对某型战车炮控系统辨识建模.首先对试验进行了设计,测得了某种工况下的炮塔速度阶跃输出曲线,并用跟踪微分滤波器对所得曲线进行了去噪处理,找出了被控对象的输入输出数据;其次运用递推最小二乘法对假定模型进行了模型参数估计,得到了被控对象的模型参数;最后用阶跃响应性能指标误差评价法对模型的有效性进行了验证.结果表明,该方法能准确地实现炮控系统的模型辨识,所建模型是有效可行的.     

论利益群体非均衡博弈及公共组织的复杂性

从复杂性科学理论角度在分析了在市场经济主体多元化所造成的社会群体分化和利益多元化的前提下，导致社会利益群体博弈关系的复杂性；论述了公共组织运行机制的复杂性在于组织内部社会资源的分享差异构成的利益群体非均衡博弈的复杂性，从社会利益群体博弈关系解释公共组织系统宏观运行机制的复杂性和混沌特征。     

基于AFS与DYC集成控制提高车辆操纵稳定性的研究

为提高车辆的操纵稳定性,基于线性矩阵不等式方法(LMI)计了集成车辆前轮主动转向(AFS)与直接横摆力矩控制(DYC)的底盘鲁棒模型匹配控制器(R-MMC).由于反馈控制变量车身侧偏角在车辆行驶过程中很难测量,还设计了车身侧偏角滑模观测器(SMO).通过在Slalom和μ-split 极限工况下的仿真试验,验证了底盘集成控制器可以显著提高车辆的操纵稳定性和主动安全性,且滑模观测器在幅值和相位上都能准确跟踪车身侧偏角实际值.     

高机动导弹非线性自动驾驶仪动态面控制

提出了高机动非线性导弹自动驾驶仪的动态面控制器设计方法,该方法基于光滑二阶动态滑模,所设计的虚拟控制足够光滑,在利用反步法设计内环控制器时不需要进行积分滤波,克服了反步法所带来的项数膨胀问题.二阶动态滑模控制器能够对非匹配不确定性或未建模动态进行补偿,并且比传统滑模有更高的跟踪精度.在考虑了系统不确定性和外部干扰的情况下,仿真结果显示所设计的控制器有较强的鲁棒性和控制精度.     

Science as Systemic Intervention: Some Implications of Systems Thinking and Complexity for the Philosophy of Science

This paper sidesteps the usual starting points for debate about complexity and the philosophy of science, which tend to assume that science is primarily about observation. Instead, the starting point is intervention, defined as purposeful action by an agent to create change. While some authors suggest that intervention and observation are opposites, it is argued here that observation (as undertaken in science) should be viewed as just one type of intervention. We should therefore welcome scientific techniques of observation into a pluralistic set of intervention methods, alongside methods for exploring values, reflecting on subjective understandings, planning future activities, etc. However, there is a need to explicitly counter a possible pernicious interpretation of this argument: intervention could (erroneously) be viewed as flawlessly preplanned change based on accurate predictions of the consequences of action. This is the mechanistic worldview that systems thinking and complexity science seek to challenge. Therefore, having redefined scientific observation as intervention, the paper revisits insights from systems thinking and complexity to propose a methodology of systemic intervention. Some brief reflections are then provided on the wider social implications of this methodology.     

A Systemic Approach to Addressing the Complexity of Energy Problems

This paper presents a conceptual framework for using energy as a vehicle for holistic development to address: poverty, gender discrimination, community involvement in decision making on social, economic, and environmental issues. The approach is systemic and participatory ironically, energy is always seen or considered in fragmentation from other areas and as a technical subject, without considering it in less literal and more metaphorical terms as an end and means of communication. Energy should be seen holistically. Holism is based on a profound understanding of the interconnectedness of the various parts and their relationship to the whole. The point made in this paper is that, by adding energy to the development plan, we solve nothing unless we also consider community mobilization, participatory approaches, and the role of gender in development. Pradhan's research in Nepal has demonstrated that if one thinks of energy only in technical terms and development projects strive to provide more electricity, the interventions can paradoxically just add more drudgery to the lives of women, unless policies consider energy within the context of the whole social, political, economic, and environmental system. Energy provision is more than merely a technical intervention. Participation uses human energy and the creative energy of human beings in a different way. The heart of participatory development is co-creating (in the sense used by Reason, 1988, 2002) understanding based on communication that is generative in the sense used by Paulo Freire. Generative understanding provides a different kind of energy, based on resonance. So this is a play on words when we place energy in a technical sense and energy in a human sense at the center of development. Also, physicists would argue that energy needs to be considered far wore widely as a basis for communication and life. Some also argue that energy is the basis of all organic and inorganic matter in the universe; it is the communication across subatomic matter.     

基于诱导信息的城市快速路网集成控制研究

建立了快速路网匝道控制与路线诱导相结合的完全集成控制模型,考虑了入口匝道排队约束和出口匝道通行能力约束,在分流节点进行流量分配时,考虑了分流点下游路段通行能力的约束.提出根据预测的路网状况,采用多模控制方式.将驾驶员对诱导信息的服从率设成可变参数,其估计值在对驾驶员调查的基础上,通过实时仿真并加以预测来获得.基于改进的遗传算法设计了模型的求解算法.通过算例,验证集成控制策略及算法的有效性和可行性,讨论不同控制策略对系统的全局影响,以及它们之间复杂的相互作用.     

新型舰炮综合火控系统仿真技术

文章在分析了舰炮火控系统的发展需求和现状的基础上，简述了发展新型舰炮综合火控系统的必然性及特点。在此基础上，主要介绍了用于该系统原样研制的半实物仿真系统的用途、组成和功能，重点介绍了该仿真系统的数学模型。最后展望了在该系统全过程应用仿真技术的发展思路。