b→sg衰变与荷电Higgs玻色子企鹅图贡献

在双稀格斯模型理论框架下，计算了荷电Ｈｉｇｇｓ玻色子对Ｂ介子衰变过程ｂ→ｓｇ的企鹅图贡献。计算结果，表明：在所考虑的参数空间内，在考虑了ＱＣＤ重整化群效应以后，荷电Ｈｉｇｇｓ粒子新贡献仍将对衰变分枝比Ｂｒ（ｂ→ｓｇ）给由８倍的增强。     

B→PP,PV衰变过程与新物理企鹅图修正

更好的理解和检验标准模型是当今粒子物理学的重要课题 ,也是寻找新物理的窗口。其中 B介子弱衰变是一个重要的研究领域。B介子弱衰变可以用来检验标准模型、探索 CP破坏并发现新物理。随着 KEK和SLAC的 B介子工厂的投入运行 ,精确算这些过程的分枝比对实验具有指导意义。我们用有效哈密顿和推广的因子化方案计算了顶色辅助的人工色理论 ( TC2 )框架下新的荷电赝标介子企鹅图对 b→ ( s,d) V( V =γ,Z0 ,gluon)衰变的修正 ,对 B介子两体非粲衰变 B→ PP,PV的 5 7个衰变道进行了系统研究。本文中 ,我们忽略了电磁企鹅算符 O7γ的贡…     

τ~-→μ~-Ф(ω)衰变与新物理企鹅图效应

τ-→μ-Ф(ω)衰变可用来探测超出标准模型的具有轻子味破缺(LFV)的新物理.在双黑格斯二重态模型Ⅲ(2HDMⅢ)下对这些衰变的企鹅图效应作了研究,结果表明在一定的参数范围内,企鹅图的贡献可将衰变分支比提高到目前的实验上限,其中光子企鹅图的贡献占主要地位.     

τ~-→μ~-Ф(ω)衰变与新物理企鹅图效应

τ-→μ-ф(ω)衰变可用来探测超出标准模型的具有轻子味破缺(LFV)的新物理.在双黑格斯二重态模型Ⅲ(2HDMⅢ)下对这些衰变的企鹅图效应作了研究,结果表明在一定的参数范围内,企鹅图的贡献可将衰变分支比提高到目前的实验上限,其中光子企鹅图的贡献占主要地位.     

B介子非轻无璨弱衰变过程的微扰QCD计算

在微扰QCD框架下,利用六夸克图方案及低能有效哈米顿,对于两体赝标介子末态,给出了诱导B介子无璨弱衰变过程的不同弗曼图的计算。在忽略轻夸克和末态轻介子质量前提下,发现：（1）在类空企鹅图的计算中,RSW模型中出现的奇异性不复存在;（2）与类时拓扑图（内、外W发射,类时企鹅图）贡献相比,类空拓扑图（W交换、W湮灭、类空企鹅和企鹅湮灭图）的贡献强烈压低,因此可以忽略;（3）对于B→ππ,πK和KK衰变,微扰QCD结果比BSW模型预测要小,但位于实验上限之下。     

QCD因子化框架下Β_s→PP衰变中湮灭图效应

CDF和LHCb实验组对Bs介子衰变中纯湮灭过程的测量揭示了大湮灭图贡献的存在.基于日益精确的B介子衰变测量实验结果,本文在QCD因子化框架下研究了湮灭图贡献的效应,对Bs系统中的湮灭图参数空间进行了拟合,并结合Bu,d介子衰变分析了湮灭图贡献对初态的味道依赖性.在本文得到的参数空间内,Bs→ππ,πK,KK衰变的理论结果与实验数据一致.然而,在目前的理论计算和实验精度下,湮灭图参数对初态味道的依赖性很难被严格辨别,即ΧiA对Bs和Bu,d系统仍可以是普适的.     

南极长城站地区企鹅的种群数量与分布

１９９３－１１－１９９４－０３对南极长城站地区的企鹅种群的数量和分布进行了调查，共记录到６种企鹅即阿德利企鹅巴布亚全鹅，南级企鹅，长冠企鹅，王企鹅和帝企鹅。其中前３种企鹅在本地区繁殖，后３种企鹅为本地区鸟类分布的新记录。在长城站地区繁殖的企鹅总数约为１．１万只，繁殖成功率为１．３０－１．５７只／对。     

Bc→PP衰变过程的微扰QCD计算

重味介子的弱衰变 ,尤其是非轻弱衰变一直是粒子物理学最前言研究课题之一 .在所有的重味介子中 ,Ｂｃ 介子是Ｂ介子家族中的最后一个成员 ,同时它也是唯一的一个由两个重夸克组成的介子 .正是由于它的这个特性 ,人们发现通过对它的弱衰变过程的研究不仅可以探测弱相互作用 ,而且也可以探测强相互作用 .尤其是随着ＫＥＫ和ＳＬＡＣ的Ｂ介子工厂的投入运行 ,精确计算这些过程的分支比变得越来越重要 ,因此吸引了人们广泛的注意并引起了极大的兴趣 .尽管到目前为止理论上对这些过程有很多的模型预测 ,但是理论计算结果具有很强的模型相关性 .…     

B介子非轻无璨衰变■→π~+ π~-中湮灭强度的探索

在大多数B介子非轻无璨衰变中,湮灭贡献都带有不同于树图、企鹅图振幅中的强位相和弱位相,这对研究CP破坏很重要.同时,对于湮灭图自身来讲,计算它的贡献也很有意义:如果知道了湮灭图的贡献,将有助于我们更好的理解低能QCD动力学,研究理论方法是否具有可行性.Bs→π π-过程有较大的CP破坏,其CP破坏不仅来源于树图算符也来源于企鹅图算符;末态两介子π 和π-都是带电粒子,它们的实验信号比较清晰,在实验上很容易被观测;π 和π-衰变到μ μ-的几率接近于100%,如果末态中有少量的π 和π-介子被误认为μ 和μ-介子,会为将来在LHCb实验中…     

B介子非轻无璨衰变Bs→π+π-中湮灭强度的探索

在大多数B介子非轻无璨衰变中，湮灭贡献都带有不同于树图、企鹅图振幅中的强位相和弱位相，这对研究CP破坏很重要．同时，对于湮灭图自身来讲，计算它的贡献也很有意义：如果知道了湮灭图的贡献，将有助于我们更好的理解低能QCD动力学，研究理论方法是否具有可行性．BS^-→π^ π^-过程有较大的CP破坏，其CP破坏不仅来源于树图算符也来源于企鹅图算符；     

企鹅珍珠贝个体发生及人工育苗的研究

对企鹅珍珠贝胚胎及幼虫发生进行了显微观察．发现企鹅珍珠贝幼苗发生过程与其它双壳类相似．受精后,５５ｍｉｎ开始第 １次卵裂,其后为囊胚期和担轮幼虫期,在水温（２７±１）℃,２４ｈ出现Ｄ形幼虫,７ｄ进入壳顶幼虫期,２０ｄ成为眼点幼虫,大约在受精后２４ｄ变态和附着．文中还对幼苗培育过程的养殖管理及生产化人工育苗的有关问题进行了探讨．     

Determination of Cd-MT in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pteria penguin</Emphasis> with indirect non-competitive ELISA

Cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT) of Pteria penguin was used to immunize domestic rabbit in order to obtain polyclonal antibody against Cd-MT. Using the anti-Cd-MT antibody, a method of indirect non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (non-competitive ELISA) was established to detect shellfish Cd-MT. In this case, the minimum detectable concentration of P. penguin Cd-MT was (4.563±0.051) ng/mL. The linear range of detection was 9.75-2.0×104 ng/mL. Intra-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 11.6%, and inter-assay RSD less than 6.7%. The recovery rates ranged from 83.7% to 119.0%. The polyclonal antibody against Cd-MT of P. penguin can also be used to detect MT of other four types of shellfish. In the crude extracts from different organs of P. penguin, the MT concentrations determined by this method matched well with the concentrations of cadmium detected by the atomic absorption spectroscopy.     

Monitoring the concentration of N2O in the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica

Gases in the marine boundary layer in Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica were sampled and analyzed for the first time. Sampling sites included areas covered by moss and lichen growth, penguin colonies and an area where scientific research stations are located. A total of 211 samples were analyzed for N2O concentrations, with an average of (321.33±3.07) nL/L. This is above the global average value of 314 nL/L. It is found that the N2O concentrations evidently increase during the summer months. Concentrations around the research stations are higher than at remote areas, indicating a potential source from human activities on the island. N2O concentrations at a large penguin colony on Barton Peninsula are the highest among the sampled areas. This may explain why N2O concentrations in Fildes Peninsula are higher than the global average. Our preliminary conclusions are that human activities and emissions from penguin dropping-amended soil and vegetation soil constitute the major sources of N2O in the maritime Antarctic atmosphere.     

南极企鹅数量识别及变化趋势分析——基于无人机航拍的高分辨率影像

南极企鹅是南大洋环境变化的"生物指示剂",研究南极典型地区企鹅栖息地分布与种群数量,将为探讨气候变化对企鹅影响及气候变化条件下企鹅物种保护提供基础数据及理论指导.高分辨率无人机航拍技术为企鹅遥感识别提供了重要技术支撑,本文以南极半岛的阿德雷岛、拜尔斯半岛以及中山站附近的企鹅岛为研究对象,基于固定翼无人机航拍影像,采用面向对象法提取了企鹅数量与分布状况,并结合历史资料分析了南极典型区域企鹅数量变化趋势.结果表明,阿德雷岛、拜尔斯半岛和企鹅岛的企鹅总数分别为5 063、3 260和982对,识别精度分别为87%、98%和91%.结合历史资料发现,阿德雷岛企鹅数量总体呈现增长趋势,基于2016年无人机遥感识别的企鹅数量与10年前企鹅总数基本持平,企鹅聚集区主要分布在海拔较低的东部沿海地区;阿德雷岛主要企鹅类型是金图企鹅(Pygoscelis papua),数量呈逐渐升高的趋势,而对海冰较为依赖的阿德利企鹅(Pygoscelis adeliae)呈现下降的趋势.拜尔斯半岛帽带企鹅(Pygoscelis antarctica)逐渐减少,金图企鹅数量则在增加.发展南极典型区域长时间序列无人机航拍企鹅栖息地技术与企鹅数量识别方法对完善企鹅制图意义重大.     

Monitoring the concentration of N2O in the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica

Gases in the marine boundary layer in Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica were sampled and analyzed for the first time. Sampling sites included areas covered by moss and lichen growth, penguin colonies and an area where scientific research stations are located. A total of 211 samples were analyzed for N₂O concentrations, with an average of (321.33±3.07) nL/L. This is above the global average value of 314 nL/L. It is found that the N₂O concentrations evidently increase during the summer months. Concentrations around the research stations are higher than at remote areas, indicating a potential source from human activities on the island. N₂O concentrations at a large penguin colony on Barton Peninsula are the highest among the sampled areas. This may explain why N₂O concentrations in Fildes Peninsula are higher than the global average. Our preliminary conclusions are that human activities and emissions from penguin dropping-amended soil and vegetation soil constitute the major sources of N₂O in the maritime Antarctic atmosphere.     

Population dynamics of Pygoscelis penguins(1980–2012) and penguin dropping records(1916–2001) on Ardley Island of West Antarctica,in response to ENSO

El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has affected penguins and their habitats in the western Antarctic Peninsula.We used both historical penguin population dynamics data(1980–2012)and sedimentary lipids in penguin droppings(1916–2001)on Ardley Island to examine the responses of the Antarctic ecosystem to ENSO(El Nin o/La Nin a)events.The results showed that during the last 30 years,climate,marine food chain changes,and human activity have significantly affected penguin population sizes on Ardley Island.The Chinstrap(Pygoscelis antarctica)and Ade′lie(P.adeliae)penguin populations showed a good correlation with ENSO events.The Chinstrap penguin population decreased significantly because it was more sensitive to increasing human disturbance(e.g.,scientific activity and tourism)than Ade′lie and Gentoo(P.papua),particularly during the breeding season.Compositional features of n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments revealed that organic matter came from lower terrestrial plants,bacteria and algae.C23was the main nalkane heavy hydrocarbon indicating mosses and lichens in the penguin’s diet.Variation in the ratio of nC23/nC17was closely correlated with ENSO events.The bacteria intrusion index(ratio of(iC15:0?aC15:0)/nC15:0for fatty acids)reflected significant increases in microorganism activity during several periods in this area.Meanwhile,the CPIA value for fatty acids decreased because micro-organisms contributed light hydrocarbon fatty acids to penguin droppings.Our results showed that the fine structure and molecular indices of fatty acids and n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments can be used to explain climate-driven microbial processes,and to reveal the important role that microbes and bacteria play in the relatively simple Antarctic ecosystem.