具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

Sz（a）sz-Durrmeyer算子的点态逆结果

用一个单调函数ω(t) 为中介,利用Szasz-Durrmeyer算子导数的性质以及该算子的可换性和光滑模ωφλ(f,t)为特点,得到以下点态逼近逆定理对于f∈C[0,+∞),0≤λ≤1,φ(x)=x,δn(x)=φ(x)+1/n, 若|f(x)-Sn(f,x)|≤Mω(n-1/2δ1-λn(x)),其中ω(t)≥0, ω(ut)≤C(u2+1)ω(t),则对任意t>0,有ω2φλ(f,t)≤Ct2∑0＜n≤t-1(n+1)ω(n-1)+Ct2‖f‖,ω1(f,t)≤Ct∑0＜n≤t-1ω(n-(2-λ)/(2))+Ct‖f‖.此结果推广了有关ωφ(f,t)和ω(f,t)的结果.     

关于第二积分中值定理中的渐进性

讨论了第二积分中值定理∫＾（ｂ,ａ）ｆ（ｘ）ｇ９ｘ）ｄｘ＝ｇ（ａ）∫（ξ,α）ｆ（ｘ）ｄｘ＋ｇ（ｂ）∫（ｂ,ξ）ｆ（ｘ）ｄｘ的中值点ξ的渐近性。即当（１）ｆ（α）＝ｆ‘（α）＝…＝ｆ＾（ｎ－２）（α）＝０,ｆ＾（ｎ－１）（α）≠０．;）２）ｇ’（α）＝…＝ｇ＾（ｍ－１）（α）＝０,ｇ＾（ｍ）（α）≠０时,在一定条件下,我们有ｌｉｍｂ→α＋ξ－α／ｂ－α＝ｍ／ｍ＋）＾１／ｎ。     

布尔函数的二阶非线性度的下界

对形如f(x)=tr(∑﹂(n-1)/2」i,j=1bijxd)的n元布尔函数的二阶非线性度进行了研究,其中d=2i+2j+1,bij GF(2),1≤ij≤L(n-1)/2」.当n为奇数时,找出了函数f(x)达到最大非线性度的导数;当n为偶数时,找出了函数f(x)的半Bent函数的导数.基于这些具有高非线性度的导数,给出了f(x)二阶非线性度的紧下界.结果表明f(x)具有较高的二阶非线性度,可以抵抗二次函数逼近和仿射逼近攻击.     

一类可化为逐次积分的n阶线性微分方程的解法

通过把线性微分方程xy(n) ny(n-2)=f(x)化为可逐次积分的线性微分方程,找出了它通解的形式,给出了严格的证明,并将它推广,得到xy(n) (x n)y(n-1) (n-1)y(n-2)=f(x)的通解.     

一类多元线性函数方程(Ⅰ)

设函数f(x1，x2，…，xn)对xn有连续二阶偏导数，我们寻求函数方程n↑∑i=1(-1)^i-1[f(x1，…，xi xi 1，…，xi 1) f(x1，…，xi-xi-x(i 1)，…，x(n 1))] (-1)^n2f(x1，x2，…，xn)=0的一般解．首先，给出了方程n↑∑i=l(-1)^i-1[F(x1，…，xi x(i 1)，…，x(n 1)) F(x1，…，xi-x(i 1)，…，x(n 1)]=0的一般解，其次，上述第1式对x(n 1)两次微分，并简化得到形如第2式的方程．第1个函数方程的一般解为f(x1，x2，…，xn)=(n-1)↑∑i=1(-1)^i-1[A(x1，…，xi x(i 1)，…，xn) A(x1，…，xi-x(i 1)),…,xn)] (-1)^n-1 2A(xi,x2,…,x(n-1).其中A(x1，x2，…，x(n-1))是对x(n-1)具有连续二阶导数的任意函数。     

一类Hermite插值算子及导函数的平均收敛性

考虑了基于(1-x~2)P_(x-1)＇(x)零点的Hermite插值算子及导函数的平均收敛性;主要给出了它们各自相应的逼近阶估计,并表明该Her-mite插值算子及导函数的平均收敛性比一致收敛性要好。     

一类可化为逐次积分的n阶线微分方程的解法

通过把线性微分方程xy^(n) ny^(n-1)=f(x)化为可逐次积分的线性微分方程，找出了它通解的形式，给出了严格的证明，并将它推广，得到xy^(n) (x n)y^(n-1) (n-1)y^(n-2)=f(x)的通解。     

伽罗华环上λ-循环码的结构

一些重要的二元非线性码是Z4上线性码在Glay映射下的像集,因而需要对有限环上的线性码特别是循环码的研究给予特别关注.设p是素数,R=GR（ps,pms）是特征为ps并且元素个数为psm的Galois环,选定λ∈R并且λ是非零因子.设C是R上的长为n的线性码,如果c=（c0,c1,…,cn-1）∈C都有（λcn-1,c0,c1,…,cn-2）∈C,则称是R上长为n的λ-循环码.R上的λ-循环码可以等同于商环Rλn=R[x]/〈xn-λ〉中的理想.设xn-λ=f1…fk,fi=（xn-λ）/fi,其中f1,…,fk是R上两两互素,首项系数为1的基本不可约多项式,证明了Rλn中的任何理想都是形如〈pj fi＋〈xn-λ〉〉的一些理想的内直和,其中0≤j≤s,1≤i≤k;Rλn共有（s＋1）k个理想;R[x]/〈xn-λ〉是主理想环.     

分数阶积分微分方程解的存在性和唯一性

研究如下的Caputo分数阶微分积分方程初值问题:{(cDαa+g)(x)=f(x,cDβa+g(x))∫+xaK(x,t,cDβa+g(t))dt,g(k)(a)=η(k),n-1<β<α相似文献   

关于在K1,n-free图中存在正则因子度条件的推广

图被称为K1,n-free图,如果它不含有导出子图K1,n。设G是一个具有顶点集V(G)的图,并设g和f是两个定义在V(G)的函数,使得g(x) f(x)对所有V(G)中的点x都成立。设a=max{g(x)|x∈V(G)},b=min{f(x)|x∈V(G)},并有b,a 2,n b/(a-1) 1(如果存在点v∈V(G)使得f(v)≡1(mod2),假定b n-1)。证明了:每个连通的使得∑x∈V(G)f(x)为偶数的K1,n-free图G有(g,f)-因子,如果它的最小度至少是(n-1)(a 1)b 1「b a(n-1)2(n-1) -n-1b「b a(n-1)2(n-1) 2 n-3.这个结果是K.Ota和T.Tokuda(J.GraphTheory.1996,22:59-64.)关于在K1,n-free图中存在正则因子度条件的推广。