石墨化中间相炭微球表面镀银的电化学性能

采用化学镀的方法在中间相炭微球的表面镀覆金属银,通过扫描电镜分析镀银后炭微球的表面形貌,利用X射线衍射对试样进行物相分析.将镀银的中间相炭微球用作锂离子电池负极材料,测试其电化学性能.研究结果表明:金属银镀覆在中间相炭微球的表面,随着镀银含量的增加,镀银中间相炭微球的首次放电容量升高,银含量16.5%的中间相炭微球的首次放电容量升高12.6mA·h/g;在湿度为25%的气氛中搁置12h后,未镀银的炭微球的放电容量降低16.3mA·h/g,循环稳定性变弱,20次循环后容量保持率为74.6%,而镀银量为16.5%炭微球的首次放电容量只降低6.1mA·h/g,并且循环稳定性强,20次循环后容量保持率为95.8%,说明镀银后中间相炭微球在潮湿条件下的电化学性能得到改善.     

沥青基人造石墨/天然石墨球复合炭负极材料的制备与性能

将沥青与天然石墨球按不同比例混合,经碳化处理后再进行石墨化得到锂离子电池用复合炭负极材料。研究结果表明:复合炭材料具有较大的平均层间距d002;复合炭材料仍保持类球形形貌;复合炭材料在较大倍率下的循环性能优于天然石墨球,其中在沥青基人造石墨与天然石墨球的质量比为15%的条件下,0.1C(1C=300 mA/g)充放电电流下材料的可逆比容量为343.7 mA·h/g,首次库仑效率为85.4%,1C下可逆比容量为295.4 mA·h/g,达到0.1C时可逆比容量的85.9%;1C倍率下50次循环比容量保持率为91.6%,与天然石墨球相比,复合材料具有更大的锂离子扩散系数。     

具有电容和脱嵌锂特性的锂离子电池复合负极材料性能

以中间相炭微球和活性炭为原料,采用物理混合的方法制备锂离子电池复合负极材料.用扫描电镜、X线衍射仪、恒电流充放电和循环伏安(CV)测试来表征材料的表面形貌、结构和电化学性能.研究结果表明:制备复合材料的中间相炭微球和活性炭混合均匀;复合材料首次放电和充电比容量分别为549和290 mA-h/g,当电压为0.25～3.00 V时,复合材料充电曲线斜率介于中间相炭微球和活性炭的充电曲线斜率之间,比容量为93 mA-h/g,显示复合负极材料同时具有脱嵌锂特性和双电层特性;循环30次后,复合材料的放电容量为240 mA-h/g;在充放电电流密度为4 A/g时,复合材料的电化学极化较中间相炭微球的极化显著降低,是一种具有发展前途的锂离子电池负极材料.     

中间相炭微球的粒径对其结构和性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、粒径分析、扫描电子显微镜、BET比表面积分析及电化学方法研究了粒径对中间相炭微球结构和性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着粒径的增加,中间相炭微球的堆积密度增大,比表面积减小;中间相炭微球电极的充电容量和不可逆容量减小,可逆容量与首次充放电效率增加;以中间相炭微球为负极制成063448型锂离子电池的放电容量随着中间相炭微球平均粒径的增大而增加,不可逆容量减少;以平均粒径为19.09μm的中间相炭微球为负极制成的电池放电容量为838 mA·h,首次充放电效率为87.29%,循环100次后的容量保持率为92.4%.     

中间相炭微球的结构对其电化学性能的影响

为了研究不同结构的炭微球对其电化学性能的影响,用聚合法以煤焦油为原料在添加和不添加炭黑的条件下制备中间相炭微球,用高倍扫描电镜观察了它们的形貌和结构,并且研究了它们作为锂离子电池炭负极材料的电化学性能.研究结果表明,在不添加炭黑的条件下得到"地球仪"型结构;对于这种结构的中间相炭微球,锂离子容易脱嵌,首次放电容量可达298.0mA·h·g-1,不可逆容量达48.5mA·h·g-1,但循环寿命短;而添加炭黑时得到层状混合结构,这种结构的中间相炭微球首次放电容量较小,为288mA·h·g-1,不可逆容量相对较大,为81.3mA·h·g-1,但衰减慢,循环寿命长.     

锂离子电池炭负极的结构与特性及其电化学性能

通过计算边缘碳原子及表面碳原子含量计算,研究边缘碳及表面碳原子含量对炭材料的电化学性能的作用机理。导出炭材料的结构与物理特性对炭材料的嵌锂性能的影响。通过对不同形貌、粒径、比表面积及有序程度的人造石墨、中间相炭微球及热解炭的电化学性能的研究,验证该机理的正确性。应用这一机理分析对人造石墨进行热处理改性,以及在人造石墨表面包覆无定形炭的改性作用。研究结果表明:边缘碳及表面碳原子的含量对固体-电解质中间相(SEI)膜的形成以及SEI膜的均匀、稳定性具有重要的作用,从而影响炭材料的首次不可逆容量及循环性能。     

软硬双模板法制备双介孔炭及其储锂性能研究

以中间相沥青为前驱体,三嵌段共聚物F127和纳米CaCO_3分别为软硬模板剂,采用有机-无机自组装方式制备双介孔炭(BMCs)用作锂离子电池负极材料。借助XRD、Roman、SEM、TEM、氮气吸脱附及恒电流充放电测试对所制双介孔炭材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了表征,研究了软硬模板剂比例与热处理温度对其孔结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,当中间相沥青、三嵌段共聚物F127、纳米CaCO_3质量比为2∶1∶7时,所制备的双介孔炭材料电化学性能最佳,在100 mA/g的电流密度下,该材料首次放电比容量可达563.2 mAh/g,100次循环容量保持率为81.25%,在2000 mA/g的电流密度下,其放电比容量为206.3mAh/g;随着热处理温度的升高,双介孔炭孔道结构逐渐坍塌,其可逆储锂容量不断降低,在热处理温度为1800℃时降到最低值,当热处理温度进一步升高达到2300℃以上时,因石墨微晶排列有序度大幅提高,有利于锂离子的嵌入脱出,由此导致材料的可逆储锂容量又开始不断增加。热处理温度低于2300℃时,材料的储锂容量主要取决于其内部缺陷及孔隙,在2300℃及更高温度进行热处理时,材料的储锂容量主要为层间插锂容量。     

改性球形微晶石墨用作锂离子电池负极材料的研究

为了改善用作锂离子电池负极材料的球形微晶石墨的电化学性能,采用液相浸渍工艺在石墨颗粒表面上包覆一层树脂炭.结果表明:经包覆后,石墨颗粒表面更为光滑,其首次充放电循环效率从包覆前的81.0%提高到了92.7%,且首次可逆比容量也有所增加.     

酚醛树脂基活性炭微球的制备及其电化学性能

以苯酚和甲醛为原料,盐酸为催化剂,制备醇溶性酚醛树脂前驱体,探讨炭化温度对炭微球性能的影响,并将炭微球在3 mol/L HNO3溶液中活化后得到活性炭微球。利用红外光谱、X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安、恒流充放电、循环寿命等对该材料进行表征及电化学性能测试。研究结果表明:炭微球的最佳炭化温度为750℃,在该温度下制备的炭微球具有良好的球形形貌,其结构为部分石墨化的无定形炭;活性炭微球作为电容器电极材料具有良好的电化学性能,在1 mV/s扫描速度下比电容达到247.8 F/g;在0.5 A/g电流密度充放电下扣式超级电容器比电容高达60 F/g,且充放电循环5 000次后比电容几乎没有衰减。     

热处理温度对纳米SnO_2与石墨复合材料电化学性能的影响

用微乳液法制备了纳米SnO2与石墨复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,并对其用不同温度进行了热处理.用X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对复合材料进行了表征,并用恒流充放电法考察了试样的电化学性能.对比结果表明,复合材料有着较高的循环容量,不同热处理温度对复合物的电化学性能有着明显的影响.随着热处理温度的升高,电池的循环容量都明显增加,但不可逆容量也随之增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-