Protection by chlorpromazine against lethality and renal toxicity of cisplatin in mice.

The effect of chlorpromazine on acute lethal toxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin was studied in mice. Chlorpromazine given (i.p.) 1 h before cisplatin greatly reduced lethal and renal toxicities of cisplatin. Chlorpromazine did not reduce the antitumor activity of cisplatin against Sarcoma 180 in ddY mice or EL-4 Leukemia in C57BL/6J mice.     

Wound-induced alterations in survival of 60Co irradiated mice: importance of wound timing

Wounding mice shortly before or shortly after lethal 60Co irradiation enhances survival. Survival of wounded-irradiated mice may be due to enhanced hematopoietic recovery as measured by endogenous spleen colony (E-CFU-s) formation.     

Pharmakologische Charakteriserung von synthetischem Hypertensin

Summary Synthetic hypertensin, RH II, a Val₅octapeptide shows the same pattern of activity as natural hypertensin (angiotonin). In the normal rat, and in the rat pretreated with ganglionic blocking substances, the hypertensive activity corresponds to that of nor-adrenaline while it is enhanced in the nephrectomised animal. In the intact animal, hydralazine diminishes the hypertensive effect, while Regitin, Chlorpromazine and Reserpine are without effect. On the perfused vessels of the rabbit's hind limb, RH II produces a vasoconstriction which is diminished by Chlorpromazine and hydralazine, but not by Regitin. RH II is not destroyed by heating, but by freshly prepared kidney extract.     

Possible involvement of calmodulin in apical constriction of neuroepithelial cells and elevation of neural folds in the chick

Chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine HCl, antipsychotic drugs known to bind to calmodulin, reversibly inhibited elevation of neural folds by interfering with the contractile activity of apical microfilament bundles in developing chick neuroepithelial cells.     

Einfluss von Psychopharmaka auf die nichtveresterten Fettsäuren im Blutplasma

Summary Several neuroleptics, thymoleptics, tranquilizers, and psychoenergizers were found to elevate plasma-free fatty acid levels in the rat. Chlorpromazine and related substances probably affect both mobilization and utilization of fatty acids.     

Depressant effects of major tranquillizers on contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse

Summary Chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, thioproperazine, promethazine and haloperidol were found to significantly depress contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse, a model of cell-mediated immune response.The skilled technical assistance of R. Tedone is warmly acknowledged.     

Synergistic effect of rabbit specific antiserum and amikacin on the treatment of mice with lethal infection due toKlebsiella pneumoniae

Summary A combination of rabbit specific antiserum and amikacin showed a synergistic effect on the treatment of mice with lethal infections due to a strain ofKlebsiella pneumoniae.     

Antihepatoxic constituents of Garcinia kola seeds

Kolaviron, a fraction of defatted methanolic extract and biflavanones of Garcinia kola seeds significantly antagonized the lethal poisoning of mice with phalloidin. Garcinia biflavanones GB1, GB2 and kolaflavanone were isolated as the active constituents.     

Antihepatoxic constituents ofGarcinia kola seeds

Summary Kolaviron, a fraction of defatted methanolic extract and biflavanones ofGarcinia kola seeds significantly antagonized the lethal poisoning of mice with phalloidin. Garcinia biflavanones GB1, GB2 and kolaflavanone were isolated as the active constituents.     

Protective effect of native levan on endotoxin toxicity in mice and rats

Summary High polymer levan administered to mice and rats before the injection of endotoxin partly protects the animals from the lethal effects of the LPS.This study summarizes a thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medical Sciences in the School of Continuing Medical Education of the Tel-Aviv University Sackler Medical School.     

Increased incidence of lymphomas in survivors of the host-versus-graft syndrome

When (SB)F1 spleen cells were injected into perinatal parental B strain mice a lethal runting syndrome was induced. The survivors showed a significantly increased incidence of lymphomas in old age. The tumors occurred much later and less frequently than in the reverse reaction, B leads to (SB)F1 GVHD.     

Possible involvement of calmodulin in apical constriction of neuroepithelial cells and elevation of neural folds in the chick

Summary Chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine HCl, antipsychotic drugs known to bind to calmodulin, reversibly inhibited elevation of neural folds by interfering with the contractile activity of apical microfilament bundles in developing chick neuroepithelial cells.We wish to thank C. Hess for her technical assistance. This study was supported in part by grants from the Busch Fund (Rutgers University), UMDNJ Foundation and Kapnek Fund.     

Glucan-induced enhancement of hemopoietic recovery in gamma-irradiated mice

Summary A single pre- or postirradiation application of -(13)-D-glucan, a potent reticuloendothelial stimulant, enhances hemopoietic recovery in sublethally gamma-irradiated mice. Pretreatment of mice with glucan significantly reduces lethal radiation effects.     

Close relation between hypothalamic and cardiac norepinephrine during stress and its role in acute myocardial infarction disrhythmias

Summary The decrease of the norepinephrine levels in hypothalamus and heart caused by stress is prevented by pargyline and imipramine. Such a decrease in spleen and adrenals is not affected. Chlorpromazine and lithium only prevent the norepinephrine decrease in the spleen. The uptake of H³norepinephrine by isolated atria of guinea-pig increases during anoxia; the change to a normal oxygen situation decreases these norepinephrine levels by more than 50%.     

Anti-phalloidine and anti-α-amanitine action of silybin in comparison with compounds similar to structural parts of silybin

Summary Silybin significantly antagonises the lethal poisoning of mice with -amanitine or phalloidine. In the same test, taxifolin, coniferyl alcohol, fisetin and (+)-catechin were not effective.     

Ethanol diminishes the toxicity of the mushroom Amanita phalloides

Survival of mice after lethal doses of a lyophilizate from Amanita phalloides ('death cap') was markedly increased by single doses of ethanol applied 30 min before or 5 min after the mushroom. Hepatic histopathological damage (confluent necrosis) was largely prevented. Acute, but not chronic, consumption of ethanol may thus influence favorably the outcome of death cap poisoning and should be taken into consideration in the evaluation of therapeutic measures.     

Circulating Trypanosoma cruzi from the same cloned population show differences in the ability to infect cells and to cause lethal infection in mice

Two subpopulations of circulating parasites displaying different abilities to infect mammalian cells and to cause lethal infection when inoculated into normal mice were demonstrated in the blood of mice acutely infected with T. cruzi. Parasites of one subpopulation rapidly penetrated mouse fibroblasts and were readily phagocytized by normal mouse peritoneal macrophages whereas parasites of the other subpopulation showed little ability to invade non-phagocytic cells and resisted phagocytosis. Inoculation of organisms of this latter population into mice resulted in infections with lower parasitemias and longer time to death as compared to controls inoculated with organisms from a population containing both types of parasites. When a population of parasites containing both types of trypanosomes was cultured in acellular medium at 28 degrees C a decrease in the number of parasites was noted to occur in the initial days of culture. This decrease was not noted when parasites of the subpopulation of trypanosomes resistant to phagocytosis were cultured similarly.     

Die Strahlenschutzwirkung neuerer psychotroper Pharmaka

Summary Three psychotropic drugs, namely Valium, Tryptizol and Insidon, protect mice against lethal irradiation when administered 15 min before the latter. Survival increases significantly from 0% in the control series to about 30% in the pretreated series. With Taractan, when the animals are irradiated at the time of maximum depression of whole-body metabolism (i.e. 90 min after injection), the survival rate further increases from 42 to 73% and becomes highly significant.     

An antiviral factor from Melia azedarach L. prevents Tacaribe virus encephalitis in mice

Treatment of neonatal mice with an antiviral factor, (AVF), obtained from the leaves of Melia azedarach L. protected them against lethal encephalitis caused by Tacaribe virus inoculation. The degree of protection obtained varied from 66% to 100% depending on the virus dose. Similarly, administration of AVF to nursing mothers protected their offspring from developing virus encephalitis. AVF does not directly inactivate Tacaribe virus; it inhibits an early step (s) in the replication process in cell cultures.