基于显著特征区域和概率图模型的目标跟踪

针对目标跟踪中的遮挡问题,提出一种基于局部显著特征区域和概率图模型的跟踪算法.提取目标的一组局部显著特征点,以局部显著特征点为依据,在目标区域中划分出多个感兴趣的显著特征区域;利用这组显著特征区域相互之间的空间位置关系,并结合各个显著特征区域自身的局部信息建立目标的马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型;采用mean shift(MS)算法对各个显著特征区域分别进行跟踪,利用MRF模型对MS算法的跟踪结果进行概率推断,融合各个显著特征区域的权重,精确定位运动目标的最终位置.在多个视频序列上的实验结果表明,与改进的MS算法、粒子滤波算法以及分块跟踪方法相比,此算法具有较高的跟踪精度;尤其是当目标被遮挡时,该算法具有较好的跟踪鲁棒性.该算法充分利用了显著特征区域自身的局部特征和区域之间的空间结构信息,能够实现复杂情况下的运动目标的鲁棒跟踪.     

基于多分支注意力孪生网络的目标跟踪算法

目标跟踪在计算机视觉任务中有重要的意义。近年来随着深度学习的发展,基于孪生网络的目标跟踪算法因其优异的性能而被广泛应用。然而,现有基于孪生网络的跟踪算法在目标发生较大形变、低分辨率、复杂背景等情况下的跟踪性能通常会显著下降。为此,文中提出了一种基于多分支注意力孪生网络的目标跟踪算法。该算法首先构建了超分辨率模块和数据增强模块,分别对目标模板进行超分辨率和数据增强,提升目标模板的特征表征能力;然后利用3个主干网络分别提取原始目标模板、超分辨率目标模板和数据增强目标模板的特征,并进行特征融合,同时在主干网络中应用了通道注意力模块和空间注意力模块,以提升特征提取能力;最后,将融合后的特征图与待搜索区域的特征图输入区域生成网络模块,得到目标跟踪信息。实验结果表明,该算法在OTB100数据集上的精确率为0.919、成功率为0.707,在VOT2018数据集上的准确率为0.642、鲁棒性为0.149,在实际场景中的运行速度每秒至少20次,说明该算法具有优异的跟踪性能,并且在各种复杂场景下都具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于改进粒子滤波的视觉目标跟踪

针对目标跟踪算法在精度和鲁棒性上的要求,提出一种基于改进粒子滤波的视觉目标跟踪算法.首先,建立多种特征来描述目标外观模型,并对各特征分量的加权系数进行自适应调节;然后,利用分类重采样方法解决原始重采样方法中的粒子退化和匮乏问题;最后,提出一种新的模板更新机制,自适应选取运动模板或原始模板.实验结果表明,改进后的算法在具有挑战的跟踪视频序列上实验,具有良好的跟踪精度和鲁棒性,能够应对视频图像分辨率不高、目标转动变化、部分遮挡等复杂条件.     

多特征博弈的目标跟踪算法

针对视觉目标跟踪领域中,采用单一特征的跟踪算法鲁棒性较差的问题,提出一种基于博弈论思想的多特征融合目标跟踪算法。在Mean Shift视觉跟踪框架下,将目标的颜色特征和运动特征作为两个博弈者,通过寻求二者博弈的纳什均衡,使不同特征对跟踪结果的贡献达到最佳平衡,进而更好地体现特征融合的优势。实验结果表明,该算法对目标剧烈运动、遮挡和背景多运动物干扰有较强的鲁棒性。通过基于博弈论的多特征融合方式在传统Mean Shift算法的基础上提出新算法,算法具有较好的跟踪性能。     

一种抗遮挡的运动目标跟踪算法

针对当前目标跟踪算法受环境干扰大、抗遮挡能力差等不足,设计一种抗遮挡的运动目标跟踪算法.首先分析经典运动目标跟踪算法——均值漂移算法的局限性,然后从目标候选特征中选择对跟踪贡献最大的显著特征,并采用自适应的模板更新策略提高运动目标精度.仿真实验结果表明,该算法能对运动目标进行准确、实时跟踪,加快了运动目标跟踪速度,且对遮挡目标具有良好的鲁棒性,可获得更理想的运动目标跟踪结果.     

显著性能量目标跟踪轨迹修正算法

针对SiamMask在目标跟踪过程中,图像序列中出现运动模糊时跟踪机制无法捕获特征点而导致的跟踪漂移问题,提出一种显著性能量目标跟踪轨迹修正算法。该算法通过显著性能量特征判定是否发生跟踪漂移,利用轨迹预测算法修正发生漂移时的跟踪结果,解决运动模糊条件下跟踪漂移问题,进一步提高SiamMask算法跟踪精度。分别在OTB50和VOT2018数据集进行仿真测试,仿真结果表明该算法较SiamMask算法跟踪精度提高0.2%,有效修正跟踪漂移时的目标位置,适用于智能监控和自主驾驶系统等。     

背景加权的多特征融合目标跟踪算法

针对单一特征目标跟踪导致多数跟踪算法鲁棒性差的原因,提出一种背景加权的多特征融合目标跟踪算法。在跟踪过程中对目标模型进行背景加权,同时利用空间直方图提取目标颜色的空间分布信息。在粒子滤波框架下将背景加权直方图和空间直方图相结合,并且引入特征不确定性度量,自适应调整不同特征对跟踪结果的贡献,有效地提高了算法的鲁棒性。实验结果表明:与传统融合算法相比,提出的算法具有更强的鲁棒性,同时提高了跟踪精度。该算法在目标表示和跟踪性能上都有很大的提高。     

基于特征学习与特征记忆模板更新机制的粒子滤波跟踪

目标运动的多样性以及背景环境的复杂性是影响目标跟踪鲁棒性的主要原因.受背景颜色、光照以及姿态尺度变化等因素的影响,目标模板更新精度不高、目标跟踪鲁棒性差.针对此类问题,提出了一种基于特征学习与特征记忆的模板更新机制,通过构建目标模板库,保存丰富的运动目标信息,采用粒子滤波跟踪算法,将候选模板与模板库中的目标信息进行匹配,确定目标状态实现跟踪.实验结果表明,该算法以更丰富的目标信息进行跟踪,比传统目标模板更新策略的粒子滤波算法具有更高的跟踪精度和更强的鲁棒性.     

一种基于协方差估计的均值偏移对象跟踪算法

针对现有运动目标跟踪算法对目标大小、形状变化的适应能力较差,且不能对目标的旋转进行跟踪的问题,提出一种改进的目标跟踪算法.该算法是均值偏移算法的进一步扩展和延伸,在估计目标位置的同时用协方差矩阵来描述目标形状,结合色彩直方图,处理对象的角度和形状、大小发生变化时的跟踪问题.实验结果表明:改进的算法在不同环境下跟踪目标的鲁棒性很好,极大地提高了跟踪精度,具有很强的实用性.     

多特征融合的视频目标深度跟踪

针对现有基于卷积神经网络跟踪中需要大量离线训练以及在线更新耗时的问题,提出了一种多特征融合的视频目标卷积跟踪算法。算法首先设计了一种浅层前向自学习卷积网络提取目标候选区域的局部卷积特征;然后计算融合了空间信息的颜色直方图特征;在此基础上,采用归一化加权方法在全连接层融合卷积特征和全局颜色特征形成目标的表观描述;最后基于粒子滤波算法,通过计算目标模板与候选目标之间的相似度,估计目标位置。采用OTB-2013公开测试集验证所提跟踪算法的性能,与8种主流目标跟踪算法进行了分析对比。实验结果表明,本文算法的目标跟踪精度和跟踪成功率在多种场景下取得了不错的性能,在保证跟踪精确率的前提下,跟踪鲁棒性优于其他算法。可见提出的多特征融合的卷积跟踪算法通过提取所跟踪视频的自身特征生成卷积器而无需进行大量离线训练,且与手动特征进行融合增强了目标的表达能力,这种策略具有一定的借鉴性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with