黔西南地区高砷煤与金矿的成因研究

峨眉地幔热柱活动在早、晚二叠世之间喷发大规模峨眉山玄武岩浆，其间大量的As、Au及其它微量元素呈极分散均一状态进入黔西南兴义、安龙、兴仁、贞丰一带较为闭塞、台地相与台地边缘斜坡相过渡地带的龙潭组煤系地层中．在燕山期峨眉地幔热柱再次活动作用下，从峨眉山玄武岩、煤系地层中萃取大量As、Au等成矿物质形成的热液发生活化迁移，在通过煤层时几、Au在局部地段的黄铁矿中富集，形成高砷煤及金矿床．强烈的峨眉地幔热柱活动提供黔西南高砷煤、金矿形成的成矿物质来源及成矿动力来源．图3，表5，参11．     

黔西南高砷煤形成特殊性研究

本文以黔西南高砷煤为研究对象,通过资料收集、野外调研、采集代表性样品作相关分析测试、综合研究等手段重点从黔西南地区所处大地构造位置以及峨眉地幔岩浆活动——峨眉山玄武岩浆喷发带来成矿物质、峨眉地幔热柱活动形成晚二叠世黔西南岩相古地理格局、燕山期峨眉地幔热柱活动成就高砷煤的形成等方面认识、分析黔西南高砷煤的形成特殊性。     

陕南镇巴东部地区基性岩墙群的构造意义

应用现代岩石地球化学分析方法,对镇巴东部地区基性岩墙群岩石地球化学特征进行系统分析,分析表明,Ta/Hf值在0.27~0.90之间,Th/Ta值在0.68~1.59之间,这与地幔柱成因的玄武岩系特征(Ta/Hf>0.3,Th/Ta<1.6)相符。根据分析提出早古生代期间扬子板块北缘南秦岭区发生一次重要的地幔热柱岩浆活动,也正是因为这次深部地幔热柱岩浆活动的存在才引发了该区大范围的拉张裂解。此次地幔热柱活动应该是早古生代期间整个南秦岭地区构造演化的主要深部驱动力来源,可能对晚古生代时期勉略洋盆的打开产生着重要的影响,同时对秦岭造山带古生代构造演化过程的研究也具有重要意义。     

试论峨眉山玄武岩喷发构造环境——微量元素地球化学证据

本文讨论了峨眉山玄武岩微量元素地球化学和锶、钕同位素特征,并与不同构造环境火成岩进行了对比。研究表明,峨眉山玄武岩显示了次大陆地幔富集的特征和地幔部分熔融、分异结晶的成因特点,喷发在大陆边缘裂谷构造环境。这一结论与其他地质研究成果的一致性,说明微量元素地球化学特征可以提供基性岩浆喷发构造环境的重要信息。本文还提出了玄武岩浆喷发、裂谷作用可能的动力机制。     

地幔柱学说的发展

随着板块构造的发展和成熟,人们对地球表层的认识已经逐渐清晰起来,地球深层的动力机制还在进一步的认识中,地幔柱是个很值得研究的理论,从热点学说到地幔柱再到超级地幔柱和地幔柱构造,尽管地幔柱在解释地球现象的时候还有很多不尽人意的地方．更需要我们积极的去怀疑或者证实。峨眉山玄武岩被认为是地幔柱头的结果,它的喷发持续时间,物质来源,和古地磁的关系,和生物灭绝的关系以及潘基亚大陆的演化还在进一步的研究中。     

峨眉山玄武岩地幔源成分及其变化的微量元素标志

根据峨眉山玄武岩系岩石的稀土元素、不相容元素特征，估计了产生其母岩浆的地幔源成分，在讨论了地幔平衡部分熔融和岩浆分离结晶过程中强不相容元素与一般不相容元素的比值变化后，提出用双对数图解来判别地幔成分、元素总分配系数及母岩浆形成时地幔熔融度的原理。根据Ｌａ，Ｃｅ和Ｓｃ，Ｙｂ在地幔－岩浆过程中地球化学特征，运用上述原理，讨论了峨眉山玄武岩系母岩浆的地幔成分及其变化，计算了地幔矿物相组成和部分熔融度。     

辽河裂谷玄武岩成因机理与盆地演化

认为辽河裂谷第三系玄武岩由两类原生玄武岩浆喷发形成，一是形成于地下７０～８５ｋｍ的碱性橄榄玄武岩浆，二是形成于地下３５～５０ｋｍ的拉斑玄武岩浆。两者分别为源区岩石局部熔融３．８８％和１０．１１％的产物。下辽河平原处于中国北方大陆地幔热柱、亚热柱之上。随着热柱的形成、拱起和岩石圈的飘移，火山活动由强而弱，由碱性趋向亚碱性，岩浆熔出位置由深而浅，源区岩石熔融程度由低而高。与此相应，下辽河裂谷盆地经历了裂前成穹、张裂破碎、拉张沉陷及拗陷４个阶段，裂谷由张裂而拗陷，直至消亡。     

云南高钛辉绿岩与峨眉山玄武岩同源性分析

在云南中部昆明-武定一带出露40余个高钛基性岩体,钛铁矿产于强风化的高钛基性岩中。武定地区的高钛辉绿岩具有低Mg O(平均5.34wt%),高Ti O2(平均4.69wt%),较高碱质(Na2O+K2O平均3.48wt%),较高Fe O/Mg O(平均1.79)的特征,与峨眉山玄武岩化学成分相似。高钛辉绿岩与峨眉山高钛玄武岩稀土配分曲线及微量元素配分曲线形态也基本一致,这些说明它们是同源岩浆演化的产物。但从浅成侵入相的辉绿岩到喷出相的玄武岩,其固结指数SI没有逐渐减小的趋势,所以它们可能是同源但不同期次岩浆活动的产物。这些高钛辉绿岩体是峨眉山大火成岩省的重要组成部分,与峨眉山地幔柱活动有关。     

四川攀西地区基性超基性层状岩体锶同位素比值

红格、攀枝花等含钒钛磁铁矿的基性超基性层状岩体的锶同位素初始比为0.7047±0.0003,巴洞、新街等小岩体的锶初始比为0.7057±0.0002,川滇大面积分布的峨眉山玄武岩锶初始比为0.7055±0.0004,后两者十分接近。推测形成含矿岩体的岩浆从大陆地幔分离的时间早于玄武岩浆。     

滇西二叠系玄武岩及其与东古特提斯演化的关系

目的 研究云南祥云地区二叠系玄武岩和东古特提斯洋在三江地区演化历史之间的关系.方法 运用地球化学及S卜Nd-Pb同位素特征分析.结果 祥云地区二叠系玄武岩属钙碱性系列,TiO2=1.41%-2.05%(平均1.69%),K2O=0.13%～3.04%(平均1.19%),轻稀土中度富集.岩石形成于大陆溢流环境,属于中国南方广泛分布的峨眉山玄武岩中的低钛玄武岩类.该组玄武岩微量及稀土元素地球化学显示出显著的过渡属性,总体表现为板内玄武岩特征,但又具有大洋拉斑玄武岩的部分特征,并在一些特征元素组合方面指示了俯冲物质(或陆壳)的混染.岩石具有富集的同位素地球化学特征,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.706 350～0.706 635,143Nd/144 Nd=0.512 355～0.512 381,8Nd(t)=-3.99～-3.3,TDM=1.14～1.18 Ga.结论 本区玄武岩可能形成于东古特提斯主洋盆地紧邻的大陆边缘环境,其地幔源区具有大陆富集地幔+大洋亏损地幔的混源特征,并在其源区内或岩浆形成演化过程中受到过俯冲物质(或陆壳)的混染.     

峨眉地幔热柱活动与贵州西部二叠系煤的形成环境研究

晚二叠世乐平期,最为强烈、规模最大的一次峨眉地幔热柱强烈活动在贵州西部形成西北高、东南低的古地理格局.沉积相带由早二叠世的近东西向变为晚二叠世北东向排布.沉积相带由西向东,由陆相渐变为海陆交替相,最后变为海相环境.在贵州西北部的威宁一带形成陆相沉积环境.遵义至安顺一线以西的黔西和黔西南地区,属于海陆交替的陆地边缘相区,...     

塔里木盆地西北缘石炭-二叠系浊积岩的沉积特征及其构造意义

目的研究塔里木盆地西北缘晚石炭世晚期—中二叠世早期(逍遥—栖霞期)浊积岩沉积特征及其构造意义。方法对塔里木盆地西北缘上石炭统上部—中二叠统下部的浊积岩进行岩石、岩相和时空变化特点的分析。结果从晚石炭世晚期—早二叠世早期到中二叠世早期,浊积岩的沉积范围显著减小,沉积区域在向西南方向收缩的同时水体则进一步加深。结论这种沉积-构造特点反映当时南天山造山带内部处于强烈的构造活动状态,南天山造山带向塔里木地块的冲断推覆可以导致这种沉积-构造格局;从沉积学的角度提出南天山造山带在晚石炭世晚期—中二叠世早期可能处于碰撞造山作用的晚期阶段。     

Zhang-Xuan thermal uplift and its genesis

Variousformsofcrustdeformationaccompany ingthelithospherethinninginNorthChinasincethe Mesozoichavedrawnattentionfrommanygeologists.Therecordsofdeformationandthermalevolutionary historyindifferentperiodsarequitecompletefortwo upliftbelts,whichlocatedrespectivelyatthenearE WstrikingYanshanMt.intersectingwiththeNNE strikingTaihangMt.andDaHigganMt.risingin theMesozoic,nowtheZhangjiakou Xuanhuaand Chifeng Harqinareas.Theformerareahasbeenafo cusofattentionforitsgoldfield[1],anditstectonic se…     

广西森林植被历史演变初探

地史上,广西森林植物的发展有两个重要的时期:一是三迭纪末期至晚白垩世早中期裸子植物繁盛时期,二是晚白垩世晚期至第三纪被子植物迅速发展时期.随着森林植物区系的变化,森林植被相应地发生了变迁.广西森林植物发展过程中,一些种类可能是现代森林植物始祖的原始类群,而使广西有可能成为森林植物起源和繁衍的关键地区之一.同时,保存着许多古老的森林植被类型.     

兰坪-思茅盆地原型的性质及演化

兰坪—思茅中生代盆地发育于滇西古特提斯多岛洋构造格局基础之上,其形成演化与特提斯—三江造山带的构造演化密切相关.对盆地形成早期火山岩和盆地不同时代砂岩的构造地球化学分析表明,兰坪—思茅中生代盆地的原型主要具有大陆边缘裂谷盆地的性质.其演化经历多阶段复杂的演化历程,中三叠世,伴随中特提斯洋开启,地壳拉张裂陷,兰坪—思茅中生代盆地原型开始形成.晚三叠世末—早侏罗世,由于受中特提斯关闭引起的造山运动的影响,下侏罗统普遍缺失.从中侏罗世开始,由于新特提斯洋开启,盆地再次下沉接受中侏罗统—白垩系的沉积.喜马拉雅造山运动,使本区地壳大面积隆升,兰坪—思茅盆地原型遭受强烈变形,继而在中生代裂谷盆地基础上叠加了新生代的拉分盆地.构造演化控制了盆地沉降作用、沉积作用、火成活动和构造格架.     

肇庆七星岩地区的地形规律

高要—惠来断裂在第三纪活动形成本区北部山地南部丘陵.位于断层下降盘的鸡笼山是第四纪继承性块断活动不明显的实例.由第一层溶洞说明,与河流阶地同高的水平溶洞不一定是同期形成的.与第四级洪冲积阶地类高的第四层溶洞至少是在早更新世或以前形成.最晚自中更新世以来西江河床叠置很明显.在喜山运动抬升影响下,羚羊峡与旱峡、双金河汊道先后形成,羚羊峡始终是西江的主河道.旱峡和双金河道先后于晚更新世中期和全新世淤塞.     

塔里木盆地塔中地区地质热历史研究

为了解塔里木盆地以及塔中地区构造演化史 ,对塔中地区古地温梯度的变化趋势进行了研究 ,利用磷灰石裂变径迹与镜质体反射率反演计算了塔中地区 3口井的地质热历史 .结合前人研究成果 ,认为塔中地区自古生代以来古地温总体呈下降趋势 ,其间存在两个相对较高的古地温期 ,一个是寒武纪—早奥陶世 ,另一个是二叠纪 ;早古生代塔中地区古地温梯度较高 ,寒武纪—早奥陶世地温梯度为 3 .2～ 3 .5℃ / 1 0 0m ,此后地温梯度显著下降 ;石炭纪古地温略有上升 ,二叠纪时地温梯度可能达到 3℃ / 1 0 0m ;中生代古地温梯度平缓下降 ,中生代末地温梯度 2 5℃ / 1 0 0m左右 ;新生代地温梯度变化不大 ,现今地温梯度 2 2℃ / 1 0 0m左右     

A new interpretation of the tectonic setting and age of meta-basic volcanics in the Ondor Sum Group, Inner Mongolia

The Ondor Sum Group in the central Inner Mongolia is mainly composed of meta-basic volcanics intercalated with ferruginous quartzite and quartz schist, and has been interpreted as slices of oceanic crust or an ophiolite suite of the Early Paleozoic or much older ages. This paper presents new LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical data for the meta-basic volcanics. The results show that zircons in the meta-basic volcanics were derived from complicated sources, most of which may be captured by basic magma from the country rocks or other sources. They yield a large age range from the Late Archean to Early Mesozoic with the youngest age group between 246 and 261 Ma, constraining the protolith of the meta-basic volcanics formed in the Late Permian to Early Triassic. The meta-basic volcanics have an affinity to E-MORB in geochemistry, and also a similarity toward OIB, representing a tectonic setting of limited intra-continental ocean basin. This limited basin might have been related to the continuous extension of the area since the Early Permian and finally closed in the Early Mesozoic.     

The chemical structure of the Hawaiian mantle plume

The Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic island and seamount chain is usually attributed to a hot mantle plume, located beneath the Pacific lithosphere, that delivers material sourced from deep in the mantle to the surface. The shield volcanoes of the Hawaiian islands are distributed in two curvilinear, parallel trends (termed 'Kea' and 'Loa'), whose rocks are characterized by general geochemical differences. This has led to the proposition that Hawaiian volcanoes sample compositionally distinct, concentrically zoned, regions of the underlying mantle plume. Melt inclusions, or samples of local magma 'frozen' in olivine phenocrysts during crystallization, may record complexities of mantle sources, thereby providing better insight into the chemical structure of plumes. Here we report the discovery of both Kea- and Loa-like major and trace element compositions in olivine-hosted melt inclusions in individual, shield-stage Hawaiian volcanoes--even within single rock samples. We infer from these data that one mantle source component may dominate a single lava flow, but that the two mantle source components are consistently represented to some extent in all lavas, regardless of the specific geographic location of the volcano. We therefore suggest that the Hawaiian mantle plume is unlikely to be compositionally concentrically zoned. Instead, the observed chemical variation is probably controlled by the thermal structure of the plume.     

Dynamics for multistage pool formation of Lunnan low uplift in Tarim Basin

Lunnan area in the Tarim Basin has become animportant onshore oil production base in China. Formationof the oil and gas pools in the low uplift of Lunnan has ex-perienced a comparatively complex process of dynamics.Based on the hydrocarbon generation period of source rocks,the formation period of cap rocks and traps, the analysis oforganic inclusion and the analysis of bitumen in the reservoir,this paper draws the conclusion that the low uplift area ofLunnan has experienced three pool formation periods: thePermian period, the Cretaceous-Early Tertiary period andthe Late Tertiary-Quaternary period and two oil and gasreservoir adjustment periods: the Late Permian period andthe Late Tertiary-Quaternary period. The comprehensivestudy indicates that the large-scale Ordovician buried hill,formed in Early Hercynian, became the reservoir during thePermian period, because the Cambrian-Lower Ordovicianoil was discharged laterally into the reservoir along the topof the Ordovician weathering crust from south to north. Thereservoir experienced a complicated process—reconstruc-tion in the end of Permian, adjustment in Cretaceous-EarlyTertiary and re-discharging process in Late Tertiary-Qua-ternary, leading to the early original heavy oil reservoir ofmarine facies and the late original light oil reservoir and gaspool. Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic oil and gas reser-voirs result from upward adjustment and re-distribution ofOrdovician oil and gas reservoirs. Of those results, the for-mation of Triassic-Jurassic oil and gas pools came under theinfluence of the northward-tilting structure. The oil and gassourcing from the different hydrocarbon source rock inter-vals vertically migrated into the base unconformity of Trias-sic system. Then the oil and gas migrated laterally fromnorth to south and accumulated into the reservoir.