The Difference of the Pulmonary-Artery Pressure of the Migrants from Difference Elevation at the 4636 - 4907 m Altitude

Study Objective： To compare and analyze the changes of the pulmonary-artery pressure of the migrants coming from different elevation in the hypoxic environment of 4636 - 4907 m extreme altitude. To explore the susceptibility to hypoxic pulmonary-artery hypertension （PH） in the subjects from different altitude and profession. Methods： By using Color Doppler Ultmsonography （CDU）, measuring the pulmonary-artery pressure of 207 healthy men, who had continuously being lived and worked at the extreme altitude for more than six months, and then were divided into three groups according to their profession and the altitude of original living place. Results： There was a significant difference in the outcomes of pulmonary-artery pressure from the 3 groups. Conclusions： Altitude of original living place, labor intensity are some of factors that impact the pulmonary-artery pressure of the people who exposure to a hypoxic environment. The pulmonary- artery pressure of person without strenuously physical work experience was more sensitive to hypoxic surroundings than that of labor workers. It was not always the fact at an extreme altitude that the moderate altitude mountaineers were superior to other migrants from a lower altitude or plain. The higher PH was found in the groups of the moderate altitude mountaineers and labor workers. It is unlikely certain that one with PH would surfer from HAPE.     

Cloning,sequencing of the HSC70 gene in Ctenopharyngodon idella

A cDNA encoding heat shock cognate protein 70(HSC70)was cloned from liver of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)(GenBank JF436930).This cDNA was found out to contain2 346 bp in length,including 1 950 bp of complete coding sequence encoding 649 amino acids(aa),plus 89 bp of 5′-UTR and 307 bp of3′-UTR.Analysis of its genomic structure revealed that its corresponding gene contained seven exons and six introns.Homology analysis indicated that it shared 99%of identity with HSC70 of breams and 86%of identity with HSP70 of Drosophila.Fluorescent RT-PCR analysis revealed that at 28℃,this gene was expressed in abdominal fat,muscle,intestines,brain,middle kidney,head kidney,gonads,swim bladder,liver,heart,spleen,gills,and fins with expression level in liver being the highest(p0.05),followed by that in the gonads;at 36℃,its mRNA expression level was increased at first but then decreased thereafter under heat shock stress,indicating that its expression can be regulated by heat shock.In conclusion,cloning and expression analysis identified a cDNA encoding a constitutive HSP70 gene that is expressed in many tissues of Ctenopharyngodon idella and its expression was down-regulated by heat shock.     

Efficient expression of human factor Ⅸ cDNA in liver mediated by hydrodynamics-based plasmid administration

Hydrodynamics-based administration via tail vein was used to deliver naked plasmid with human factor IX (hFIX) cDNA in 2.2 mL Ringer‘s solution into mice within 7 s. The peak level of expression of hFIX was 2921 ng/mL in mouse plasma. The hFIX cDNA expression increased with increasing the amount of plasmid DNA injected. The peak level of gene expression declined after repeated injection of plasmid (1459 ng/mL). The hFIX cDNA was detected in various organs, but the highest level of gene expression appeared in liver. Transaminase levels and liver histologicalresults showed that rapid intravenous plasmid injection into mice induced transient focal acute liver damage, which was rapidly repaired within 3--10 d. These results suggested that high-level expression of hFIX cDNA can be achieved by hydrodynamics-based plasmid transfer and this method is nowfurther used for gene therapy and gene function study in our lab.     

Establishment and cryopreservation of liver, heart and muscle cell lines derived from the Chinese alligator （Alligator sinensis）

The Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, is a critically endangered species. A conservation project of gene resources for an endangered species first involves the preservation of organs, tissues, gametes, genomic DNA libraries and cell lines. The present study is the first to establish and cryopreserve cell lines of liver, heart and muscle tissues from the Chinese alligator. The study revealed that there was a large discrepancy in cell migration time in primary cultures among liver (11-12 d), heart (13-14 d) and muscle (17-18 d) tissue pieces. The differences in time in primary cell culture suggested that it was relatively easy to build visceral-derived cell lines for reptiles. Biological analysis showed that the population doubling time for thawed cells was approxi- mately 36 h. Karyotyping revealed that the frequency of Chinese alligator cells showing chromosome number as 2n=32 was 88.6%-93.4%. Chinese alligator cell lines established here provide a vital resource for research and are likely to be useful for protection of this rare and critically endangered species. Furthermore, the establishment of these methods may supply technical and theoretical support for preserving genetic resources at the cellular level for other reptile species.     

Prokaryotic expression, localization and function of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus glycoprotein G

The infectious laryngotracheitis virus （ILTV） glycoprotein G （gG） gene of E3 and Zhonghai strains was cloned, sequenced and compared with the gG gene of other Type Ⅰ animal herpesviruses. To find the localization and the function of the gG in the infected cells, the 35 kD fusion protein （His-GG） was expressed by inserting the coding region of gG except for the signal peptide into pET30a （＋）. After purification of the His-GG fusion protein, the rats＇ antibody to the His-GG was prepared and purified by using the protein G Sepbarose. Results of laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） detection showed that the ILTV gG was in the perinuclear region and membrane of chicken embryo liver （CEL） and kidney （CEK） cells, and that the gG accumulated more in the coalescent part than in the other parts of the adjacent CEL or CEK cells. The plaque size and the one-step growth curve tests suggested that the ILTV gG was required for viral growth by cell-to-cell direct infection in tissue-cultured CEL cells.     

Cloning and expressional analyses of a cinnamoyl CoA reductase cDNA from rice seedlings

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR: EC 1.2.1.44),the entry-point enzyme of the llgnin specific biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of cinnamoyl CoA esters to their corresponding dnnamaldehydes. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the deduced polypeptide shared 70% similarity and 30% sequence identity at the amino acid level with defined CCR genes from other plant species and they all contain the common signature sequences thought to be the catalytic site as well as the putative NADP binding domain.Using a conserved OsCCR cDNA fragment as the probe for library screening, we isolated the genomic DNA that covered the whole coding region of OsCCR with total length of 3045bp including 4 introns and 5 exons. The open reading frame for our OsCCR gene coBtAin~ 337 amino adds. Northern blot indicated that OsCCR was expressed in different organs with the highest level found in stems. In situ hybridization results showed that OsCCR mRNA was localized mainly along the vascular bundles in stems and leaves, and also in lateral roots that was differentiating from the tiilering node. We conclude that the vascular-localized expression of OsCCR gene may suggest its possible involvement in llgnin biosynthesis. Cloning and characterization of OsCCR will help to clarify how llgniflcations in plants are regulated and will provide a physical basis for creating genetically engineered rice plants with optimal lignin contents.     

广西猫儿山自然保护区蝗虫生物多样性初步研究

于 2 0 0 0年 7月至 1 0月将广西猫儿山自然保护区划分为海拔 4 0 0～ 80 0 m、 80 0～ 1 2 0 0 m、 1 2 0 0～ 1 6 0 0 m和 1 6 0 0 m以上的 4个区域。在每个区域中选择竹林生境、阔叶林生境、阔叶灌丛生境、草灌生境 ,分别随机抽取 2个样方 (2 5 m× 2 5 m)扫网调查蝗虫的种类及个体数 ,7月、 8月、 9月、 1 0月各调查 1次 ,并应用香农 -威纳 (Shannon- Wiener)多样性指数分析不同生境、海拔及月份的蝗虫种类及个体数。结果表明 ,猫儿山自然保护区蝗虫共有 31种 ,分别隶属于 5科 2 4属 ,山稻蝗 (Oxya agavisa Tsai)、中华越北蝗 (Tonkinacris sinensisChang)、喙尾蹦蝗 (Sinopodisma rostellocerca You)和短翅佛蝗 (Phlaeoba antennate Br.- W.)为该地区蝗虫类群的优势种。在 4种生境中 ,草灌类型的生物多样性指数最高 ,H =0 .92 3。随着海拔升高 ,多样性指数降低 ,以 4 0 0～ 80 0 m区域最高 (H =0 .92 8) ,1 2 0 0～ 1 6 0 0 m区域最低 (H =0 .774 ) ,1 6 0 0 m以上没有调查到蝗虫。在4个月份中 ,蝗虫生物多样性指数从低到高依次为 7月 (H =0 .6 76 )、1 0月 (H =0 .879)、8月 (H =0 .936 )、9月(H =0 .94 1 )     

宁夏南部山区甘肃鼢鼠种群状况及危害

在明确宁夏退耕还林(草)区危害鼠种是甘肃鼢鼠的基础上,调查分析了其种群密度、危害特征、性比和年龄结构,得出宁南山区甘肃鼢鼠的种群既和相近地区以及其他黄土高原具有一定的相似性,又有其本身的特殊性,并提出了一种鼬科动物灭鼠的设想.     

高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质对大鼠一氧化氮合成酶活性的影响

为了探讨高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质（FSC）的抗缺氧机制，40只SD大鼠随机分为4组：10％FSC组、10％FSC缺氧组、空白对照组和空白缺氧组。FSC组和空白组分别用10％FSC和蒸馏水连续灌胃30d，剂量为每天20mL/kg。灌胃结束后，10％FSC缺氧组和空白缺氧组大鼠在5000m海拔高度下，连续缺氧15d，每天8h，测定各组大鼠血清一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）活性。结果发现，在5000m海拔高度条件下，10％FSC在缺氧条件下能显著提高大鼠血清NOS活性和NO含量（P＜0.05)。     

异叶青兰对高原家兔血液若干指标的影响

本试验选用纯种日本大耳白兔，随机分为平原组（海拔３９７米），高原组和高原给药组（海拔３９００米），分别检测实验动物外周血液的三项指标。得知；高原给药组的红细胞（ＲＢＣ）计数，明显低于高原组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。此外，高原给药组血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）含量、红细胞比积（Ｈｃｔ）均值都低于高原组。结果提示：异叶青兰对家免造血系统的低氧性改变有肯定的保护作用。     

体育专业大学生初入高原外周血白细胞总数的变化

目的了解体育专业平原大学生初入高原（2260m）后外周血白细胞（WBC）参数的变化及与高原适应性的关系.方法采用血球计数仪测定30名初入高原的体育专业新生入校第3d、第35d静脉血白细胞参数,并与世居高原体育专业新生进行对比.结果平原新生进入高原第3d外周血WBC总数增高,与高原新生相比差异明显（P〈0.01）,平原新生主观感觉高原反应明显.对同一群体平原学生进入高原的第35d进行测试,WBC总数下降并与高原新生比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论初入高原者因环境因素刺激,人体会出现一系列应激性生理变化.     

Quaternary glacier development and the relationship between the climate change and tectonic uplift in the Helan Mountain

Isolated NE-SW stretching the Helan Mountain massif, separating the temperate grassland of the Ordos plateau from the Tenggeli Desert, is a key position of studying the glacier development in west China as well as the coupling conditions of climate change with tectonic uplift. The glacial landforms and deposits including cirques, peaks, knife-edge ridges, lateral moraines, and terminal moraines distribute above 2800 m a.s.l. in the middle part of the Helan Mountain. This distribution indicates that here was once glaciated during the late Quaternary. Morphology features show a clear sequence of landscape forming events took place throughout the Helan Mountain. Laboratory optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and accelerator mass spectrometry radio-carbon dating (AMS 14 C) results indicate a late history of glacial advance. Late Pleistocene glaciers in the middle part of the Helan Mountain advanced to near their positions at least four times, and the glacial sequences can be assigned as the middle stage of last glacial cycle (MIS3b, 43.2±4.0 ka), last glacial maximum (LGM, ~18 ka), late glacial (12.0±1.1 ka) and neo-glacial (3.4± 0.3 ka) respectively. Adopting equilibrium line altitude ~2980 m of last glacial maximum and the modern theoretical snowline altitude ~4724 m as the maximum amplitudes, and the standard marine isotope curve (MIS) as the glacial equilibrium line change since the Gonghe Movement (150 ka), the relationship between the mountain altitude and glacier development is discussed herein. Compared with other environmental indexes such as the loesspaleosol and ice core, conclusions are made that glacier advances in the Helan Mountain during the late Quaternary obviously depended on the coupled control of tectonic uplift of mountain with the climate condition. It is at last glaciation that the mountain reached the altitude above snowline and coupled with the glacial climate. The glacial advances occurred in the early and middle stages of last glacial cycle after the Gonghe Movement.     

基于表面肌电信号的高原公路驾驶员颈部疲劳试验分析

为了解高原公路驾驶员颈部疲劳状况,寻求减轻驾驶员疲劳途径。选取新疆帕米尔高原典型路段进行实驾试验,通过生物反馈仪获取受测驾驶员颈部肌电数据,利用时域与频域分析方法选取积分肌电值(IEMG)与中值频率(MF)作为评价指标,研究高原公路驾驶员颈部肌肉IEMG与MF在连续驾驶时间、海拔作用下的疲劳特性。研究表明:连续驾驶时间、海拔是影响驾驶员IEMG、MF的主要因素。随着驾驶时间增长与海拔逐渐升高,驾驶员IEMG有上升趋势,而MF有下降趋势,表明高原公路驾驶员从低海拔到高海拔路段长时间连续驾驶车辆导致颈部疲劳感增加。通过对比不同行车经历驾驶员,发现经常出入高原公路驾驶员的颈部疲劳度与自我缓解能力要优于首次进入高原公路行驶车辆的驾驶员。     

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and total nitrogen on the Yajiageng vertical belt,Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter（SOM） and total nitrogen（TN） were studied in different plant communities of the Yajiageng vertical belt in Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks. The results show： （1） the contents of SOM and TN of the plant communities gradually decreased with the following order： subalpine coniferous forest （3 027 m）, subalpine meadow （3 873 m）, coniferous broadleaved mixed forest（2 737 m）, subalpine shrub（3 565 m） and treeline（3 564 m）. （2） With soil profile depth increasing, the contents of SOM and TN gradually decreased. For different vegetation types, the contents of SOM and TN in sub-alpine coniferous forest were higher than that of other vegetational types. （3）The ratio of the content of carbon to the content of total nitrogen （Cc/CTN）WaS 13.5-27.6, which was relatively lower than the appropriate Cc/CTN of 25-30, and indicated that the soil in favor of the organic matter decomposed and nutrients released. Cc/CTN in the soil had no correlation with sea level altitude. However, its distribution in the soil x, aried with different vegetation types. （4） Nitrogen in SOM existed mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and Cc/CTN in the soil was not obvious correlated with SOM and TN.     

澎溪河不同高程消落带土壤磷的吸附特性

消落带土壤磷吸附特性对库区水体的营养状态有重要影响。为研究不同高程消落带土壤磷吸附特性,选取了三峡库区澎溪河流域双江140,145,155,165,180m高程土壤,进行磷等温吸附热力学试验,并探讨了不同高程消落带土壤磷吸附特性差异的原因。结果表明,随着高程的降低,消落带土壤吸附解吸平衡浓度EPC和磷最大吸附量Qmax逐渐增加,即磷吸附能力增强。结合消落带土壤颗粒表面特性分析、吸附特征参数与理化性质相关性分析的结果,认为消落带土壤具有较小的粒径分布,较高的有机质含量和Fe含量是影响不同高程消落带磷吸附能力的重要原因,且主要受到冬季淹水沉积和夏季降雨侵蚀的影响。低高程消落带土壤具有较强的磷吸附能力,对于控制库区水体富营养化具有一定的积极意义。     

Constant elevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years

The uplift of the Tibetan plateau, an area that is 2,000 km wide, to an altitude of about 5,000 m has been shown to modify global climate and to influence monsoon intensity. Mechanical and thermal models for homogeneous thickening of the lithosphere make specific predictions about uplift rates of the Tibetan plateau, but the precise history of the uplift of the plateau has yet to be confirmed by observations. Here we present well-preserved fossil leaf assemblages from the Namling basin, southern Tibet, dated to approximately 15 Myr ago, which allow us to reconstruct the temperatures within the basin at that time. Using a numerical general circulation model to estimate moist static energy at the location of the fossil leaves, we reconstruct the elevation of the Namling basin 15 Myr ago to be 4,689 +/- 895 m or 4,638 +/- 847 m, depending on the reference data used. This is comparable to the present-day altitude of 4,600 m. We conclude that the elevation of the southern Tibetan plateau probably has remained unchanged for the past 15 Myr.