辽东湾古近纪东营期古气候演化及其对湖平面变化的影响

依据植被对气候的适应性原理,通过对辽东湾地区古近系东营组中孢粉进行气候类型划分、不同气候类型孢粉含量和相对比值综合分析,对古气候演化及其对湖平面变化的影响进行研究。结果表明:辽东湾渐新世东营期气候总体上表现为从相对干热向相对冷湿转变;气候演变存在明显的旋回特征,大致可以划分为5个气候旋回,与前人研究划分的四级层序界面吻合;气候和构造沉降控制了不同层次的湖平面变化,气候为构造沉降稳定阶段控制湖平面高频升降的主控因素,并间接控制四级层序界面的形成,同时干热气候是形成盆底扇的有利条件。     

Response of Zhadang Glacier runoff in Nam Co Basin,Tibet, to changes in air temperature and precipitation form

This paper describes 2007/2008 inter-annual changes in runoff from the Zhadang Glacier located on the northern slope of Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibet, and analyzes their causes. Precipitation increased by 17.9% in summer months of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007, drainage basin runoff decreased by 33.3%, and glacial meltwater decreased by 53.8%. Change in positive accumulated air temperature explained approximately half of the inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater using a de-gree-day model. This suggests that the glacier is extremely sensitive to changes in air temperature. Energy balance analysis showed that change in glacier surface albedo, considered to be caused by difference in precipitation form, resulted in the large inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater. It was shown statistically that precipitation form in the summer months of 2007 was mainly rainfall which comprised 71.5% of total precipitation, while during the same period in 2008 rainfall accounted for 30.7%, with the majority of precipitation falling as snow. Precipitation form should be considered an independent factor when analyzing glacier sensitivity to climate change or forecasting the runoff from certain glaciers.