基于SIFT的视觉单词在人脸识别中的研究

近年来,基于视频的人脸识别吸引了很多人的关注,同时,视觉词袋(BoWs)模型已成功地应用在图像检索和对象识别中。提出了一种基于视频的人脸识别的方法,它利用了视觉单词,在经典的视觉单词中,第一次在兴趣点提取尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)的图像描述;这些兴趣点由高斯差分(DoG)检测,然后基于k均值的视觉词汇生成,使用视觉单词的索引以取代这些描述符。然而,在人脸图像中,由于面部姿势失真,面部表情和光照条件变化,SIFT描述符不是很好。因此,使用仿射SIFT(ASIFT)描述符作为人脸图像表示法。在Yale及ORL人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,在人脸识别中,基于仿射SIFT描述符的视觉单词方法可以获得较低的错误率。     

基于概率隐含语义分析模型的人脸识别算法

该文提出一种基于概率隐含语义分析(PLSA)的新的人脸识别算法。首先建立人脸图像的词袋模型,然后使用概率隐含语义分析模型得到词袋特征在隐含主题空间中的分布,并将其作为人脸图像的最终语义特征表示,最后采用支持向量机(SVM)对人脸进行识别。Multi-PIE和人脸识别竞赛(FRGC)数据库上的实验结果表明,该文方法的性能优于目前多个人脸识别方法。     

基于词包模型和SURF局部特征的人脸识别

针对传统人脸识别方法实时性差的缺点,提出了一种加速鲁棒性特征(SURF,speed up robust features)和词包模型(BOW,bag-of-word)相结合的人脸识别方法.图像经过预处理后,使用SURF算法自动提取图像的关键点和相应的特征描述符,再进一步用BOW方法将其编成视觉单词作为人脸的局部特征.最后,采用K最邻近结点算法进行分类识别.使用了2个数据集验证了提出的方法——标准CMU-PIE(卡内基梅隆大学——姿势、光照、表情人脸数据库)人脸库和采集的数据库,分别达到了97.5%和99.3%的识别率,而且特征提取的时间少于0.108 s,识别的时间少于0.017 s.结果表明,本文提出的算法不仅精确而且快速,具有更好的稳定性和有效性.     

基于变尺度DCT和PCA的人脸识别方法

针对实际应用中要对不同尺度的人脸图像进行匹配和识别的需求,提出一种基于变尺度DCT(离散余弦变换)结合PCA(主成分分析法)的人脸识别方法.首先将不同尺度的人脸图像进行DCT变换,然后提取出相同的DCT系数,再将提出的DCT系数进行PCA降维,最后进行匹配识别.通过对ORL人脸库及实验采集的多尺度人脸图像进行实验,证明了所提方法对不同尺度图像的匹配识别有效,并测算了DCT变换后的修剪尺度及PCA特征维数对该方法识别准确率的影响.     

基于底层特征建模的行为识别算法优化

近年来基于时空兴趣点的视觉词袋(bag of video words,BOVW)模型被广泛用于行为识别算法研究;但是该模型忽略了每一种视觉单词的权重,另外没有考虑兴趣点时空分布信息,因而制约了其识别精度。提出了两种算法解决上述问题;其一,采用词频-逆向文件频率(term frequency-inverse document frequency,TF-IDF)方法对传统BOVW直方图进行优化处理,根据视觉单词在词袋与BOVW直方图的比例权衡其重要程度;其二,提出了基于三维共生矩阵的时空兴趣点互信息(spatialtemporal interest points mutual information,STIPsMI)算法,刻画不同视觉单词的时空兴趣点之间的时空关系。然后将STIPsMI描述符与优化后的BOVW直方图级联,作为视频序列最终的描述符。最后在两个主流的数据集KTH与UCF sports对该算法进行评估。实验结果表明,提出的时空特征描述符在行为识别准确率上优于BOVW模型与其他主流方法。     

基于小波变换的多字典人脸识别方法

传统基于稀疏表示的人脸识别方法因未充分利用样本包含的信息,而存在较低的鲁棒性和识别率等问题.提出基于小波变换的多字典人脸识别方法.提取人脸图像的多尺度纹理特征,构建多字典,每个字典分别对应样本的原始图像和不同尺度的纹理信息.为提高人脸识别的准确性,在训练阶段利用相同的系数表示将不同字典相关联,深入挖掘了人脸图像与其不同尺度纹理间的共性,探索人脸不同特征的内在联系.较仅聚焦于样本单一特征的传统方法,克服了忽视样本不同特征间联系的不足,更深刻地挖掘训练样本人脸特征且突出了不同类训练样本的个性特征.在多个人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,识别性能有明显的提升.     

基于子模式纹理分析的鲁棒人脸识别研究

面部识别(FR)系统可以自动识别或校验从数码相机或图像生成设备中获得的人脸图像,要从所获图像中提取面部特征,并与人脸数据库中的数据进行比对。目前,几乎所有的FR都面临与面部视角相关的障碍,包括光照不足和低分辨率,这些问题使其识别率大为降低。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种基于光照变化的人脸识别框架,该框架利用离散余弦变换的图像全变差最小化(DTV)及伽柏过滤器;并融合子模式分析(SMP)及区分性累计特征变换(DAFT),有效地解决了光照条件变化大的人脸识别问题。在AR及YaleB人脸数据库上的实验表明,与其它最先进的方法相比较,在处理光照条件变化很大的人脸识别问题时明显优于其它方法。     

基于多尺度Retinex算法结合PCA特征加权的人脸识别方法

结合多尺度Retinex算法和PCA算法的特点,并引入权重系数,提出了一种新的人脸识别方法.首先,在人脸图像的预处理阶段,利用多尺度Retinex算法提取人脸图像光照不变分量,然后用PCA算法提取人脸光照不变量的主特征;为进一步减少光照变化对人脸识别率的影响,对提取到的主特征的前两个向量加小于1的权重系数;接着利用k近邻分类器进行人脸分类识别;最后基于CAS_PEAL_R1光照子集人脸库,在Matlab环境下进行仿真实验,实验结果表明该方法提高了人脸识别率.     

基于面部边缘细节的局部遮挡人脸图像识别

为解决人物面部遮挡情况下识别人脸信息不清楚的缺陷,优化人脸识别系统,提出了基于面部边缘细节的局部遮挡人脸图像识别方法。依据稀疏性表达对人脸图像去噪,根据图像灰度变换原理检测人脸图像边缘,分割边缘区域,计算其阈值以得到人脸图像边缘信息。标记人脸特征点增强信息识别精度,提取人脸图像的特征描述子,并将其输入支持向量机模型中,通过训练实现局部遮挡人脸图像识别。实验结果表明,该方法应用于人脸图像识别平均识别率高于73%,识别时间低于20 s。     

采用二代曲波变换和反向传播神经网络的人脸识别方法

针对小波变换在人脸识别中存在识别正确率较低的问题,提出了一种基于二代曲波变换的人脸识别方法.首先将所有样本图像和测试图像通过基于"打包"的快速离散曲波变换进行分解,获得不同尺度、不同角度的曲波变换系数,再利用曲波变换分解系数中包含了人脸重要特征信息的低频系数,作为特征参数送入反向传播(BP)神经网络中进行学习训练,最后将训练好的BP神经网络用于人脸识别.经剑桥大学ORL人脸库的图像识别实验表明,所提方法的识别正确率达到95%,比Daub(2)小波基的小波变换方法的识别正确率提高了2.5%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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