乳粉中常见致病菌的多重荧光PCR检测

利用多重荧光PCR技术快速检测乳粉中的沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌.以沙门氏菌的invA基因、志贺氏菌的ipaH基因、金黄色葡萄球菌的nuc基因为靶基因,选择特异性引物,以参照菌种为对象,验证引物的特异性,建立多重荧光PCR检测方法,人工添加沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌,确定方法的检出限.结果表明该方法特异性强、灵敏度高,乳粉中检测的灵敏度为1CFU/mL,可在8h内完成对乳品中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌的检测.     

应用Tem-PCR技术同时检测3种致病菌的研究

应用靶序列富集多重PCR(target enriched multiplex PCR,Tem-PCR)技术建立同时检测沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157三种致病菌的高通量简易检测方法.实验分别以沙门氏菌的inv A基因、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的hly基因、大肠埃希氏菌O157 rfb E基因为靶基因,设计3对特异性引物,并与通用引物连接组成Tem-PCR引物,通过反应条件优化,建立了TemPCR检测方法.结果表明,建立的Tem-PCR方法特异性强,其检测灵敏度分别为沙门氏菌1.1×103CFU/m L、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌5.6×102CFU/m L、大肠埃希氏菌O157 2.3×103CFU/m L.方法不需要优化调整各引物对的浓度,易于使用,有效地解决了传统多重PCR方法扩增效率不均衡的问题.     

志贺氏菌实时荧光单引物等温扩增方法的建立及应用

以志贺氏菌ipaH基因特异序列为靶序列,设计RNA-DNA组合引物和链终止序列,优化反应体系,建立实时荧光单引物等温扩增检测志贺氏菌的方法,反应时间为44min。通过对4株不同群志贺氏菌和12株其他食源性致病菌进行实时荧光单引物等温扩增检测,结果表明,除4株志贺氏菌外,其他细菌均未扩增出荧光曲线。进一步研究表明,采用普通热裂解法提取DNA,实时荧光检测福氏志贺氏菌DNA的灵敏度为1.16fg/μL,纯培养菌液的灵敏度为1.3CFU/mL;对牛奶模拟样品中福氏志贺氏菌的检出限是1.8CFU/mL。研究结果表明,实时荧光单引物等温扩增检测志贺氏菌灵敏度高、特异性强、耗时短、方法简便。     

贵阳市食品中沙门氏菌污染检测

利用沙门氏菌inv A基因序列设计引物并建立PCR反应,该反应灵敏度为3.6×102CFU/m L。在1m L样中含菌量106CFU/m L时增菌4h、含菌量103CFU/m L时增菌8h、含菌量102CFU/m L时增菌12h后可检出。从贵阳市各区随机购买113份肉、蛋类食品,检出10份样品含有沙门氏菌,总检出率为8.8%。该方法准确、灵敏、快捷、成本低,可广泛应用于沙门氏菌检测。     

多重PCR检测病死鸡中沙门氏菌方法的研究

为了建立能够同时检测病死鸡样品中的沙门氏菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌的多重PCR 方法.采用煮沸法提取 DNA 做为模板,选择分别针对沙门氏菌属、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌的特异性基因(invA、fliC、sdfⅠ)设计引物,优化反应体系和反应参数,建立多重PCR检测方法.应用该方法对国内17家鸡场369份病死鸡样品进行沙门氏菌的检测,检测结果与传统细菌培养法的结果进行比较.结果表明,优化过的多重 PCR 可同时对沙门氏菌种、属进行鉴定,灵敏度为4.6×102 CFU/mL;多重 PCR 方法共检测出沙门氏菌34株,其中鸡白痢沙门氏菌21株、肠炎沙门氏菌5株,与传统细菌培养法检测结果的符合率分别为91.2%、90.5%和80.0%.     

实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌LAMP法快速检测

目的建立一种灵敏、高效,可用于实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌检测的环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)。方法针对金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因(V01281.1)参考设计4条LAMP扩增引物,并选取常见实验动物致病菌进行引物特异性检测;通过优化LAMP反应体系中Mg~(2+)浓度、dNTPs浓度及LAMP反应时间,确立LAMP反应最佳条件;本文采用LAMP法和PCR法对不同浓度梯度的金黄色葡萄球菌以及用不同浓度金黄色葡萄球菌人工感染的粪样进行检测,比较两种方法的检测灵敏度。结果通过条件优化,本实验建立的LAMP法检测实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌的最佳反应温度为60℃,反应时间为50 min,优化后的LAMP反应体系为dNTP浓度2.0 mmol/L、Mg~(2+)浓度8.0 mmol/L、引物对FIP/BIP浓度1.6μmol/L、引物对F3/B3浓度0.2μmol/L,且与其它常见实验动物致病菌无交叉反应;对金葡菌纯培养物进行检测,LAMP法检测灵敏度为9CFU/反应管(9×10~3CFU/mL),PCR法检测灵敏度为9×10~1CFU/反应管(9×10~4CFU/mL),对人工接种金黄色葡萄球菌的SD大鼠粪样进行检测,LAMP法检测灵敏度为4.49×10~4CFU/0.1 g粪样,PCR法检测灵敏度为4.49×10~5CFU/0.1 g粪样。结论本实验建立的实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌LAMP检测方法,与PCR法,免疫学法和传统检测方法比较,具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简单等特点,可应用于实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测。     

建立实时荧光PCR快速鉴定鸡制品中鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的方法

建立基于Taqman探针实时荧光PCR检测鸡伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella gallinarum)的方法.根据GenBank公布的鸡伤寒沙门氏菌基因序列,设计引物和Taqman探针,采用实时荧光PCR进行特异性、灵敏性及模拟样品的检测实验.结果表明:特异性引物和探针可从34株鸡伤寒沙门氏菌菌株、26株其他血清型沙门氏菌和7株非沙门氏菌菌株中检测出全部的34株鸡伤寒沙门氏菌.以鸡伤寒沙门氏菌梯度稀释菌液DNA为模板进行实时荧光PCR实验,菌株模板浓度与Ct值呈良好线性关系,线性系数(R2)为0.999,扩增效率为88.2%,最低检测浓度为5cfu/mL.对已接种鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的模拟样品同时进行实时荧光PCR检测和传统方法鉴定,两者结果一致.该方法特异性好、灵敏度高,是快速鉴定鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的有效方法.     

以 16S-23S rDNA 间区序列为目的基因设计 PCR 引物鉴定多杀巴斯德氏菌

多杀巴斯德氏菌是养殖动物(鸡,猪,牛等)的重要致病菌.本研究以16S-23S rDNA间区序列为目的基因设计PCR引物鉴定多杀巴斯德氏菌.通过对多杀巴斯德氏菌ITS-IA(含有tDNA-Ile和tDNA-Ala的16S-23S rDNA间区序列)的测序和与GenBank中序列的BLAST,设计筛选了一对特异引物PS-F/PS-R.对引物的特异性和有效性,用PCR方法进行了验证.结果表明:所有的多杀巴斯德氏菌标准菌株和分离菌株都能被检出,而全部39株非多杀巴斯德氏菌都没有扩增出特异性条带.其检测灵敏度能达到102CFU/mL.研究结果表明,发展了的PCR鉴定方法是省时的和可靠的,整个过程只需要20 h,而传统的鉴定方法需要至少5 d的时间.     

PCR检测乳粉中肺炎克雷伯氏菌

利用PCR技术直接检测乳粉中的肺炎克雷伯氏菌,无需增菌.通过滤膜法成功地从人工污染肺炎克雷伯氏菌的乳粉中提取了肺炎克雷伯氏菌的DNA.以肺炎克雷伯氏菌的间区序列(ITS)为靶基因,经过PCR扩增得到158 bp的产物,经过DNA测序证实该产物为目的扩增产物.该方法灵敏度高,乳粉中检测的灵敏度为10CFU/mL,可在6 h内完成对乳品中肺炎克雷伯氏菌的检测,比目前普遍采用的先增菌再进行PCR检测的方法缩短了12-24 h.     

耐热型产肠毒素大肠杆菌检测方法的建立及应用

为建立检测产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)耐热型肠毒素STa和STb的纳米金PCR方法,根据ETEC耐热型肠毒素STa和STb的基因序列,用Primer 5.0软件设计了2对特异性引物,优化得到最佳反应条件,并进行灵敏度和特异性的测试.实验结果表明:本文所建立的体系均能扩增到目的条带,灵敏度为47.5 cfu/mL,且特异性良好;所建立的纳米金PCR方法在人工染菌实验中也获得了较高的灵敏度和特异性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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