丙烯酸酯在炭黑表面接枝聚合的研究

以炭黑表面大量存在的芳香族稠环化学物为基础,以缩合反应引进羟甲基,并利用羟甲基和铈离子之间的氧化还原引发反应探讨丙烯酸酯单体在炭黑表面的接枝聚合反应,同时考察了接枝炭黑粒子在水介质中的分散效果     

新型无酪素颜料膏的制备

介绍了制备无酪素颜料膏的一种新方法.主要对无酪素颜料膏中炭黑改性进行了研究,并做了改性炭黑在颜料膏中的应用实验.得到碳黑改性的最佳工艺条件为:羟甲基化碳黑质量浓度0.22 g/mL、单体浓度6.3 mol/L、硝酸浓度0.66 mol/L、引发剂Ce4 离子浓度16 mmol/L、反应时间4 h、反应温度50℃,接枝率达6%.应用实验表明:表面接枝的炭黑应用于颜料膏中克服了炭黑分散稳定性差的缺点,利用改性炭黑制备的无酪素颜料膏的稳定性得到明显提高.     

炭黑表面氧化改性及其水分散性研究

在水介质中利用过硫酸铵对炭黑表面进行氧化改性,考察了炭黑种类、氧化剂含量、反应时间和温度等参数对改性效果的影响。采用XPS和pH计测定分析了炭黑表面基团含量变化,通过膜过滤、激光粒度分析、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察及炭黑水分散液离心分离等方法考察了改性炭黑的水分散性及分散稳定性。结果表明,过硫酸铵质量分数为0.018%,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为20 h时,炭黑粒度由315.6 nm降至146.8 nm,其水分散液的分散性及稳定性最好,静置一年后无表观沉降。     

丙烯酸酯在导电炭黑表面的接枝共聚合

利用导电炭黑表面上引入的过氧酯基与亚铁盐构成的氧化还原体系 ,引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸在炭黑表面接枝共聚合。通过透光率的分析表明 ,V(MMA) V(AA)为 7 5 12 5时 ,聚合物接枝炭黑能稳定地分散在水溶液中。     

炭黑的表面氧化与接枝

为把炉法炭黑作为色素炭黑使用，需要对其进行水性高分子接枝，以提高炭黑在水中的分散稳定性．研完了液相氧化剂氧化两种炭黑前后表面挥发分和pH值的关系及表面官能团组成的变化，并对比了氧化前后炭黑的自由基接枝效果．实验发现，低结构、高比表面的炭黑易被液相氧化剂氧化，且氧化剂的浓度和氧化强度直接影响炭黑的氧化效果．氧化炭黑的挥发分与其pH值之间存在一阶指数衰减函数关系．氧化后炭黑表面的羧基和醌基含量增加造成了炭黑和水亲合力及炭黑接收自由基能力增加，从而提高了炭黑接枝水溶性高分子的接枝率．     

等离子体引发接枝聚合丙烯酰胺对聚乙烯表面改性的研究

研究了等离子体引发单体接枝聚合对聚合物的表面改性.选取聚乙烯为聚合物底材接枝丙烯酰胺,研究了接枝反应条件对接枝率的影响规律.反应温度愈高,接枝率愈大,当反应温度达到溶液的沸点时,接枝率急剧增大;随着单体浓度的增大,接枝率几乎呈现出线性增长的趋势;接枝率随反应时间的延长而增大.溶剂对接枝反应有较大的影响.当体积比R(R=V(H2O)/V(CnH2n+1OH))为零(即选用醇作为单一溶剂)时,选用乙醇和异丙醇作为溶剂时,接枝率不为零,而选用甲醇作为溶剂时,接枝率为零.在相同体积比情况下,选用(醇+水)混合溶剂时接枝率的变化规律是:(异丙醇+水)≥(乙醇+水) ＞(甲醇+水).衰减全反射红外光谱分析表明了丙烯酰胺单体接枝到聚合物薄膜样品表面.     

超声协助引发自由基聚合制备聚合物包覆炭黑及其在环氧树脂中的性能表征

在超声和引发剂的共同作用下,采用乳液聚合法引发单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)在炭黑表面原位包覆聚合,常温下1h内即实现聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的包覆,并对其表面化学组成和分散状态进行表征。结果表明:改性后炭黑表面PMMA的包覆率为5.7%,O、C原子的物质的量之比由改性前的4.2%增加至改性后的7.5%;在超声破碎作用下,炭黑的平均粒径大大减小,在溶剂中的分散稳定性显著提高。将炭黑与环氧树脂复合并表征其性能,结果表明:与未改性炭黑相比,改性后的炭黑在环氧树脂中的团聚倾向减弱,甚至当添加10phr(phr:每100g树脂添加1g)改性炭黑时团聚现象仍不严重;此外,改性炭黑/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都有所提高。     

纳米AlN润滑油抗磨添加剂的制备与应用研究

采用溶液聚合反应,将马来酸酐接枝到低分子量的无规聚丙烯链(a-PP)上,制备a-PP-g-MAH大分子表面改性剂,并应用其对纳米AlN粉体进行表面修饰改性.对合成的改性剂、改性前后的纳米AlN运用FT-IR、TGA、接触角、沉降实验等方法进行表征和测试.结果表明:当接枝率为2.69%的大分子改性剂用量为9%时,对纳米AlN粉体表面处理效果最好,有效提高了它在润滑油中的悬浮分散性.当改性的纳米AlN粉体以0.3%质量分数分散于润滑油中时,可以3个月不沉降,润滑油的极压值由1000N提高到1300N;电镜照片显示,其对摩擦副表面起到了一定的保护和修复作用.     

高强高模聚乙烯纤维电子预辐照接枝反应的研究

为了改善高强高模聚乙烯纤维(PE)与环氧树脂的粘接性,通过电子预辐照接枝工艺对PE纤维表面进行改性。试验发现,在N_2气氛下电子预辐照接枝反应工艺并不需要引发剂,随着预辐照剂量、反应温度和反应时间的增加,反应接枝率增加;丙烯酸是较好的接枝单体,丙酮与苯是较好的反应溶剂,反应结束后PE纤维表面上的均聚物可以用苯来去除;当预辐照剂量低于1.56×10~4Gy时,对纤维拉伸强度影响不大,而SEM和ATR—IR分析证实了PE纤维表面上有极性基团的存在。     

热固性钼酚醛树脂的合成工艺研究

针对普通酚醛树脂(PF)作为耐火材料结合剂使用中存在的问题，研究了以钼酸改性PF的可行性。由苯酚和甲醛先合成羟甲基苯酚，再用钼酸与羟甲基经酯化反应得到一种新型的热固性钼PF。通过正交试验与结果分析，讨论各因素对合成工艺的影响，并确定了最佳的工艺参数，在n(苯酚)：n(甲醛)：n(H2MoO4)：n(NaOH)=1：1．3：0．06：0．15，反应温度为90℃，反应时间为1h的条件下合成的钼PF残碳率可达56．31％，比一般热固性PF的残碳率高出13个百分点。表明它是比较理想的耐火材料用结合剂。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the