影响阶梯-深潭结构消能率的主要因素分析

阶梯-深潭系统是山区河流广泛分布的重要河床结构,探究其形态和尺寸的规律对于认识山区河流稳定性及河床演变具有重要意义.以探究影响阶梯-深潭结构消能率的因素为目的,通过选取野外发育良好的阶梯-深潭典型跌落式和滑落式结构,实测阶梯高度、深潭容积等基本参数,计算消能率的大小,并通过数据分析影响消能率的主要因素.结果表明:流量容积比、阶梯-深潭高长比γ和出流方式对阶梯-深潭的消能率有较大影响,随着α和γ的增加,消能率逐渐降低;当α大于0.084、γ大于1.100时,滑落式的消能效果普遍优于跌落式.该研究结果为工程中选择适当的阶梯-深潭结构体型、尺寸提供了理论依据.     

折板型竖井湍流耗散及消能机理分析

为了研究泄流过程中折板型竖井的湍流耗散特性及消能机理,对9种不同体型的竖井开展水力模型试验与数值模拟,分析不同流量下竖井内湍动能、湍动能耗散率和水动力荷载分布规律,建立折板消能计算模型,探究竖井消能机理.结果表明:折板间距过密或过疏均不利于竖井的泄流和消能,在设计流量下竖井内的流态为自由跌水流时,对应的最小折板间距为最优结构设计;10°折板倾角可提升竖井的消能效果,并减小折板上水动力荷载;建立的折板消能计算模型可较为准确地计算自由跌水流态下的消能率;竖井消能方式分为入口消能、折板消能和井底消能,不同流量下各种消能方式的能耗占比不同,小流量时以折板消能为主,随着流量的增加,入口消能和井底消能的能耗占比随之增大.     

风特性参数对低矮房屋屋面局部风压影响的数值分析

为获取低矮房屋屋面局部风压的分布规律,对体型比为1.5∶1∶1的双坡低矮房屋屋面划分若干典型区域并进行数值模拟研究.数值结果与风洞试验结果对比表明:2种研究手段分析结果吻合较好,验证了数值模拟技术在分析低矮房屋表面风压方面的可靠性.基于数值模拟,研究了不同风特性参数对低矮房屋屋面局部区域体型系数分布规律的影响,分析结果表明:来流风向对屋面各区域体型系数的影响是整体性的,且表现出一定规律性;湍流度对屋面各局部区域体型系数的影响不一,对迎风屋面前缘区域影响较大;风速对屋面局部区域体型系数影响较小.本文结论可为我国沿海多发台风地区低矮房屋抗台风设计提供依据.     

气-液-固三相磨粒流旋流流场分析及加工实验研究

针对现有流体加工方法中加工效率低、易出现工件表面各区域加工纹理不均匀的问题,提出一种气-液-固三相磨粒流抛光加工新方法.基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型和Mixture模型,建立气-液-固三相磨粒流抛光加工数值模拟模型.数值模拟结果揭示了气-液-固三相磨粒流形成的高速湍流涡旋流场动力学特性,同时也发现了磨粒流流场中磨粒和微气泡的运动及分布规律,得到较优适用于气-液-固三相磨粒流抛光加工磨粒流入射角度设计参数,并设计出实验抛光工具.经过1h的实验加工后,与无微气泡条件的液固两相流抛光加工对比,气-液-固三相磨粒流抛光加工的工件表面相同区域的粗糙度值更低,纹理也更为均匀.上述研究结果表明:气-液-固三相磨粒流的流场特性提高了磨粒和微气泡运动的无序性及微气泡溃灭的概率,且磨粒流中的微气泡溃灭所释放的能量提高了磨粒的抛光加工效率.     

电站调节阀阀体结构参数对流阻特性的影响

为了系统研究阀体结构参数对调节阀流阻特性的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,建立了电站调节阀阀体模型,结合正交试验设计,研究了调节阀阀体不同结构参数对流阻特性的影响。研究表明,调节阀阀体的结构参数对流阻系数的影响程度依次为上腔半径>下腔高度>上腔高度>阀体半长>下腔半径>中腔半径,同时再对阀体的入口角度进行优化分析,得到入口角度越小,流阻系数越小。通过正交实验优化和入口角度优化后得到的最优结构,其流阻系数与原结构相比降低了19.45%,且流量特性曲线也更加理想,此研究结果能够为套筒式调节阀的结构优化提供理论支持。     

水平多股淹没射流理论及试验研究

针对水利水电工程中高水头、大单宽流量泄洪消能问题,提出多股多层水平淹没射流新型消能型式.对这种复杂三元混合淹没水跃进行了理论分析,推导出跃前水深和跃后水深之比和消能率计算公式.对其流动的水力特性和消能机理进行了分析和试验研究,测量了消力池内压力分布规律、水面形态、流速分布和脉动压力特性.分析了出口体型参数对流态稳定性和水力特性的影响,获得体型参数与水力要素之间的关系以及变化规律.分析了多股多层水平淹没射流消能机理,尤其是强剪切消能和小尺度漩涡消能的效率和机制.研究表明,它是一种流态稳定、适应性强、低雾化、高消能率的新型消能方式,能够减轻工程建设给环境带来的不利影响,有利于工程应用.研究成果为实际工程设计提供了科学理论依据.     

消力池尾坎体型对水跃特性的影响

底流消能是水利工程中常见的消能方式之一.本研究以斜坡+竖直坎的消力池尾坎组合为研究对象,设计出9种消力池尾坎体型(不同坡度、不同竖直坎长度),研究尾坎体型对消力池内水跃特性的影响.通过数值模拟,获得了设计工况下各个体型的水面线、消能率、水跃长度、临低流速和尾坎压强分布特性.通过对比分析发现,竖直尾坎的长度直接影响水面线、消能率等水力特性.研究结果表明,通过数值模拟可以提高研究效率,并为实际工程的消力池设计提供重要的参考依据.     

螺旋离心泵内非定常漩涡空化的计算与分析

为了对水力机械内部的漩涡空化进行深入研究,应用计算流体动力学软件(CFD)对一台螺旋离心泵进行了数值模拟计算,发现在一定工况下,螺旋离心泵内部由经过轮缘间隙的二次流所导致的漩涡涡核低压处会发生漩涡空化.捕捉到了该泵叶轮区域漩涡空化的形成-发展-分离的过程,发现该过程中的螺旋离心泵扬程出现大幅下降.实验与数值模拟的空化性能曲线数据基本符合.     

公路排水跌坎急流槽新型消力池出流冲刷试验

为增加公路排水跌坎急流槽安全稳定性,对公路排水跌坎急流槽常规跌水消力池及3种新型跌坎消力池出流冲刷模型进行试验.结果表明:跌坎高度、水流相同时,跌坎急流槽消力池后冲坑最大冲深从小到大依次为跌水台入流消力池、副消力池出流消力池、台阶出流消力池和常规跌水消力池;跌坎急流槽消力池跌水台入流消力池构造深度越深,出流后冲坑最大冲深越小,而常规消力池构造深度越深,出流后冲坑最大冲深越大;从工程安全与经济考虑,跌水台入流、台阶出流消力池结构形式可大大减少消力池工程开挖量,消能设施稳定性明显增加;3种新型消力池可大大缩短出流后加固铺砌长度,综合使用后减冲防灾效果更为显著.     

宽尾墩阶梯溢流坝出闸室水舌下缘挑距水力计算

将宽尾墩安置在阶梯溢流坝上游,形成宽尾墩和阶梯溢流坝面相结合的消能设施,水流具有其独特的特点.结合索风营水电站宽尾墩后接台阶式溢流坝消能设施的物理模型实验和数值模拟结果,对出闸室抛物型跌落射流进行了研究,综合出闸室水流的影响因素给出了水舌下缘挑距的计算关系式,分析了堰面坡度和挑坎高度对挑距的影响,并利用已建类似工程的实验数据进行了验算.结果表明,给出的计算公式可供估算类似工程水舌下缘挑距参考应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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