聚氧化乙烯絮凝微细粒高岭石强化赤铁矿反浮选脱硅机理研究

通过矿物浮选试验并结合激光粒度测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、矿物Zeta电位及XPS等检测方法对赤铁矿反浮选过程中聚氧化乙烯絮凝细粒高岭石的行为及机理进行了研究.矿物絮凝浮选试验表明：添加聚氧化乙烯可以提高高岭石的单矿物回收率和人工混合矿分离效率,促进赤铁矿和高岭石反浮选分离.激光粒度测试和扫描电镜检测结果表明：聚氧化乙烯不絮凝赤铁矿,但絮凝高岭石颗粒,使其表观粒径增大.Zeta电位测试和XPS分析表明：聚氧化乙烯在高岭石颗粒表面发生化学吸附,并使其Zeta电位正移.因此,开展聚氧化乙烯对硅酸盐矿物絮凝的研究对赤铁矿和高岭石反浮选分离具有意义.     

红城红球菌对微细粒赤铁矿的吸附-絮凝作用

采用重力沉降方法探讨红城红球菌通过吸附-絮凝作用沉降微细粒赤铁矿的可能性及其效果,并采用Zeta电位、显微镜、红外光谱分析红城红球菌在赤铁矿表面的吸附特征.研究结果表明:红城红球菌在赤铁矿表面的吸附可使赤铁矿发生沉降,沉降效果较好的矿浆pH为5～7、红城红球菌用量为30 mg/L.红城红球菌在赤铁矿表面的吸附降低了赤铁矿表面的电性,使赤铁矿-赤铁矿颗粒间容易形成絮团.形成的赤铁矿絮团粒度越大、结构越紧密,赤铁矿的沉降效果越好.红城红球菌通过本身基团吸附在赤铁矿表面,其中羟基(-OH)、亚甲基(-CH2)、氨基(-NH2)、甲基(-CH3)、醚基(C-O-C)官能团在赤铁矿表面的吸附属于物理吸附,而羧基(-COOH)在赤铁矿表面的吸附属于化学吸附.红城红球菌对微细粒赤铁矿具有吸附-絮凝双重作用,可作为微细粒赤铁矿的絮凝剂使用.     

改性聚丙烯酰胺对赤铁矿强磁选的影响

基于聚团分选理论,采用改性聚丙烯酰胺(HPM)选择性聚团调浆-湿式强磁选工艺,考察了药剂用量、矿浆pH以及搅拌转速等因素对微细粒赤铁矿强磁分选效果的影响.通过扫描电镜检测、EDS能谱分析、动电位测试以及红外光谱检测等方法研究了物料聚团磁选前后的微观形貌以及药剂作用后矿物表面特性的变化,分析了药剂与矿物表面的作用机理.结果表明:在药剂用量10g/t、矿浆pH 10、搅拌转速954r/min的条件下,采用“选择性聚团-强磁选工艺”与常规强磁选工艺指标相比,精矿铁回收率提高了5.39%.添加HPM调浆后原矿中矿物颗粒表观粒径显著增加,在强磁选作业中添加HPM调浆能够强化对微细粒赤铁矿的回收,HPM对赤铁矿具有选择性絮凝聚团作用,且在赤铁矿表面存在静电吸附和氢键吸附,在石英表面不发生吸附作用.     

烷基羟丙基胺作用下石英和赤铁矿的浮选行为

通过浮选试验研究了新型捕收剂烷基羟丙基胺(NDIA)作用下石英和赤铁矿的浮选行为,并结合量子化学计算和zeta电位分析,考察了该捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明:当捕收剂用量为33.33 mg/L,p H值为4.50~8.00时,石英的回收率在92%以上,赤铁矿的回收率在50%左右.人工混合矿分选试验结果表明:当捕收剂用量为33.33 mg/L,淀粉用量为13.33 mg/L,p H值为4.50~8.00时,NDIA均可实现石英和赤铁矿的有效分离.量子化学计算结果表明,与十二胺相比,NDIA对石英具有更好的捕收性能.zeta电位测试结果表明:NDIA在石英和赤铁矿表面均发生了吸附,且在石英表面的吸附作用强于赤铁矿.     

菱铁矿对假象赤铁矿与石英混合矿浮选的影响

碳酸铁对铁矿石的浮选影响极大,严重恶化浮选指标.在三种浮选体系下,研究菱铁矿含量对假象赤铁矿与石英混合矿浮选的影响.结果表明,在十二胺和油酸钠反浮选体系下,菱铁矿加入到两种混合矿中时,浮选指标下降.十二烷基硫酸钠体系下,假象赤铁矿和石英混合矿中加入少量菱铁矿时,精矿品位有所增加.因此,若要实现含碳酸盐铁矿石的有效分选,必须首先消除细粒级菱铁矿的影响.     

东鞍山含碳酸盐赤铁矿石浮选试验

针对纯矿物配成的含赤铁矿、菱铁矿、石英的混合矿进行浮选试验.随着铁矿石中菱铁矿质量分数的提高,铁精矿TFe品位、产率和回收率等指标迅速下降,说明现有反浮选流程不能将含有菱铁矿的铁矿石有效分选.提出将菱铁矿预先分离、然后再将赤铁矿和石英分离的分步浮选流程,相比常规反浮选流程,铁精矿TFe质量分数由42.34％上升至59.09％,铁的回收率由53.18％提高到79.84％.而针对东鞍山含菱铁矿的赤铁矿石,采用分步浮选工艺闭路流程,可获得铁精矿TFe质量分数为66.34％,回收率为71.60％.     

赤铁矿磁铁矿石英和绿泥石的可浮性研究

矿物的电动电位测定和可浮性实验结果表明:十二胺主要以静电力作用吸附在赤铁矿、磁铁矿、石英和绿泥石表面上,但与赤铁矿和绿泥石之间可能存在化学力作用;十二胺对上述矿物的扑收能力的强弱与介质pH值有关,在pH值9—11之间的扑收能力最强;在碱性介质中时矿物可浮性由强至弱的排列顺序为:石英>赤铁矿>磁铁矿>绿泥石;在中性和弱酸性介质中石英的可浮性最好,磁铁矿的可浮性最差;赤铁矿和绿泥石的可浮性居中;通过调整介质pH值和十二胺浓度可能实现石英和磁铁矿的分离。     

微细矿粒在水溶液中的疏水絮凝

本文着重讨论细微矿物颗粒的疏水絮凝行为及机理。对石英、菱锰矿、赤铁矿及金红石的实验研究表明,矿物润湿性的变化对矿粒悬浮液的分散稳定性有巨大影响。矿粒表面疏水化常与显著的絮凝现象伴生,这种絮凝现象无法用经典的DLVO理论解释。通过对石英-胺及菱锰矿-油酸体系疏水絮凝的理论探讨及势能计算,可以看出表面活性剂吸附而诱发的粒间疏水作用势能远远大干双电层作用或范德华作用势能,因此,疏水作用对此种絮凝行为具有支配地位。     

变性淀粉在赤铁矿阳离子反浮选脱硅中的抑制性能

以十二胺为捕收剂,木薯原淀粉、取代度为0.026和0.21的羧甲基淀粉和取代度为0.0065和0.055的磷酸酯淀粉作为抑制剂,考察了赤铁矿与石英的可浮性,重点研究了基团取代度对变性淀粉抑制性能的影响.结果表明:原淀粉、取代度0.026的羧甲基淀粉和取代度0.0065的磷酸酯淀粉对赤铁矿有良好的抑制作用,而取代度0.21的羧甲基淀粉和取代度0.055的磷酸酯淀粉对赤铁矿的抑制能力较弱;原淀粉和取代度0.026的羧甲基淀粉对石英有较强抑制作用,其他3种淀粉对石英抑制能力较弱.可见,低取代度的磷酸酯淀粉,在赤铁矿阳离子反浮选脱硅中可作为较高选择性的抑制剂.Zeta电位测定结果表明,特征基团取代度相对较高的变性淀粉,与赤铁矿和石英作用后,矿物Zeta电位负值较大.变性淀粉的取代度越高,其伸展向溶液中荷负电的基团越多,使阳离子捕收剂通过静电作用吸附于矿物表面,减弱了变性淀粉的抑制能力.     

细粒菱铁矿、石英和赤铁矿吸附团聚的机理

含菱铁矿难选铁矿石在磨矿作业过程中,菱铁矿极易泥化,并大量吸附在脉石和有用矿物的表面上,恶化了后续选别作业.为了查明微细粒菱铁矿、石英和赤铁矿在矿浆中吸附团聚的本质及规律,利用DLVO理论探讨了微细粒菱铁矿与粗粒石英、微细粒菱铁矿与赤铁矿及细粒菱铁矿之间的作用机理.计算结果表明:微细粒菱铁矿容易吸附罩盖在粗粒石英和赤铁矿表面,微细粒菱铁矿和微细粒赤铁矿相互作用发生团聚现象,而微细粒菱铁矿之间不发生吸附团聚现象.     

磁铁矿与赤铁矿混合浮选交互影响规律

研究了浮选药剂对单矿物浮选的影响、磁铁矿对赤铁矿浮选的影响。单矿物浮选研究表明,pH〉10时,NaOH的用量的对石英矿的浮选影响大于磁铁矿、赤铁矿的浮选。随着淀粉用量的增加磁铁矿和赤铁矿的回收率逐渐增加,当淀粉用量为10mg／L时,赤铁矿的浮选几乎受到完全的抑制。CaO对磁铁矿、赤铁矿的浮选几乎没有影响,然而对石英的浮选确有很大的影响,石英的回收率随着CaO用量的增加逐渐降低。磁铁矿、赤铁矿以及石英的回收率随着捕收剂用量的增加逐渐降低。人工混合矿浮选研究表明,赤铁矿浮选品位随着磁铁矿含量的增加逐渐增加。     

Morphological and mineralogical characterizations of oolitic iron ore in the Exi region, China

The morphological and mineralogical characterizations of a Chinese oolitic iron ore (Exi deposit) were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in this work. It is shown that the Exi ore is mainly composed of hematite, quartz, apatite, and chlorite. The hematite is present as the oolitic layers and in the spaces between the aggregated ooids; quartz exists as granular particles in the spaces and as nucleuses in ooids; the harmful mineral, apatite, is associated with hematite as the oolitic layers, fine dissemination, granular particles in the spaces, and nucleuses in ooids. From the viewpoint of mineral beneficiation, it is hard to separate apatite and chlorite but easy to separate quartz from hematite in the Exi iron ore in recovering the iron values.     

柠檬酸在含碳酸盐赤铁矿浮选体系中的分散机理

以赤铁矿、菱铁矿和石英为研究对象,通过沉降试验、Zeta电位测试、傅里叶红外光谱分析和溶液化学计算研究了柠檬酸在强碱性条件下(pH=11.0)的分散机理.沉降试验结果表明,柠檬酸对人工混合矿(赤铁矿-菱铁矿-石英)具有较好的分散效果.动电位和红外光谱测试表明,柠檬酸在赤铁矿和菱铁矿表面的吸附较强烈并使其动电位负移,而在石英表面的吸附较弱并对石英动电位影响较小.溶液化学计算表明,柠檬酸主要以[C_6H_5O_7]~(3-)的形式吸附在赤铁矿和菱铁矿的羟基化表面,进而阻止矿粒间的凝聚.结果表明柠檬酸在含碳酸盐赤铁矿浮选体系中具有分散作用.     

N-十二烷基-1,3-丙二胺在赤铁矿反浮选中的应用

通过单矿物试验考察了N-十二烷基-1,3-丙二胺(ND13)对赤铁矿和石英的浮选行为,结果表明,ND13对石英具有良好的捕收性能,在捕收剂用量为50mg/L,pH=7～10时,石英回收率达93%以上.人工混合矿分选试验结果表明,ND13对赤铁矿和石英质量比为1∶1(铁品位为35%)的人工混合矿具有一定的分选效果,在ND13用量为66.7mg/L,淀粉用量为6.67mg/L,pH=7.27的条件下,达到较好的分选效果,此时精矿中铁的回收率为86.35%,精矿的铁品位为62.78%,尾矿的铁品位为9.21%.动电位和红外光谱分析结果表明,ND13主要以静电和氢键作用在矿物表面发生吸附.     

Improved flotation performance of hematite fines using citric acid as a dispersant

In this study, citric acid was used as a dispersant to improve the flotation performance of hematite fines. The effect and mechanism of citric acid on the reverse flotation of hematite fines were investigated by flotation tests, sedimentation experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta-potential measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of SEM analysis and flotation tests reveal that a strong heterocoagulation in the form of slime coating or coagulation in hematite fine slurry affects the beneficiation of hematite ores by froth flotation. The addition of a small amount of citric acid (less than 300 g/t) favorably affects the reverse flotation of hematite fines by improving particle dispersion. The results of sedimentation experiments, zeta-potential measurements, and XPS measurements demonstrate that citric acid adsorbs onto hematite and quartz surfaces via hydrogen bonding, thereby reducing the zeta potentials of mineral surfaces, strengthening the electrical double-layer repulsion between mineral particles, and dispersing the pulp particles.     

Effect of sodium alginate on reverse flotation of hematite and its mechanism

Given the gradual increase in the chlorite content of hematite ores, pulp properties seriously deteriorate during flotation. The traditional anion reverse flotation of hematite cannot effectively eliminate the effects of chlorite, leading to a significant decrease in the total Fe (TFe) grade of the concentrate. In this work, the effect of sodium alginate on the reverse flotation of hematite was systematically investigated. Flotation tests of artificially mixed ores were conducted, and the results showed that sodium alginate can significantly improve the removal rates of quartz and chlorite. The adsorption measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle tests demonstrated that sodium alginate adsorbs on the quartz surface by chelating with calcium ions, thereby weakening the steric hindrance of oleate ions and increasing the adsorption capacity of sodium oleate to ultimately improve the removal rate of quartz. Furthermore, owing to its lower density and fine particle size, chlorite is easily entrained into the foam layer. Sodium alginate dramatically increases the liquid-to-gas ratio of the foam layer by increasing pulp viscosity, thereby increasing the entrainment rate of chlorite and finally improving its removal rate. The core content of this thesis bears significance in improving the Fe grade in the reverse flotation of chlorite-containing hematite.     

新型捕收剂在赤铁矿反浮选中的应用

通过人工混合矿和实际矿石分选实验探讨了N-十二烷基乙二胺(ND)在赤铁矿反浮选中的应用情况.实验结果表明.ND对赤铁矿和石英质量比为1:1和3:2的人工混合矿均具有一定的分选能力.在矿浆pH值为7.27、淀粉的质量浓度为3.33 mg/L、捕收剂的质量浓度为40 mg/L时,可获得铁的质量分数为60.36%和61.20...     

Effect and mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite

The effects of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite were investigated using micro flotation, adsorption tests, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The flotation results show that interactions between siderite and quartz are the main reasons that siderite significantly influences the floatability. The interactions are attributed to dissolved siderite species and fine siderite particles. The interaction due to the dissolved species is, however, dominant. Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theoretical calculations reveal that adhesion on quartz increases when the siderite particle size decreases and that fine particles partly influence quartz floatability. Chemical solution calculations indicate that the dissolved species of siderite might convert the surface of active quartz to CaCO₃ precipitates that can be depressed by starch. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the results of adsorption tests and FTIR spectroscopy and explain the reasons why siderite significantly influences reverse flotation of hematite.