DDR2 SDRAM控制器的FPGA实现

龙芯SoC第一版本(ICT-E32)中集成的是SDRAM控制器,但鉴于SDRAM性能的限制,使其成为提高龙芯SoC性能的瓶颈.为了进一步提高龙芯SoC性能,在新一款中集成了DDR2控制器.因为DDR2采用了新技术,使其实现相对于SDRAM更为复杂,因此预先在FPGA上对其进行实现,以方便对其在整个SoC设计中的集成.目前,该控制器已经通过功能仿真,并在Xilinx公司的Virtex-4系列FPGA上得以实现.     

DDR SDRAM控制器的设计及FPGA实现

介绍了DDR SDRAM控制器的系统命令和结构,设计了一种基于状态机的DDR SDRAM控制器。利用状态机对读写操作进行控制可提高系统性能,给出了基于FPGA的控制器的仿真结果。     

SoPC光纤通道控制器IP核的仿真验证

通过片上可编程系统(SoPC)设计方法构建光纤通道(FC)控制器,详细分析了硬件设计的功能模块图.FC控制器硬件集成了NIOS II处理器、DDR SDRAM控制器、flash控制器、定时器、串口和带Avalon接口的光纤通道接口逻辑,通过Avalon交换总线进行互连.采用自底向上的方法,分别从功能模块级、知识产权(IP)核级和系统级给出了FC控制器的仿真验证框架,并用Altera公司的Stratix GX系列现场可编程逻辑门电路(FPGA)进行了上板调试.验证结果表明,提出的仿真验证方案正确可行,能较好地完成验证任务.     

天气雷达高速数据传输系统的FPGA实现

本文针对天气雷达中频数据采集要求,设计了一种基于PCI总线和DDR SDRAM的高速数据传输系统方案。文中首先介绍了系统的组成结构与设计方案,然后着重阐述了采用FPGA设计DDR SDRAM控制器和PCI控制器的原理及结果,并给出了关键的FPGA仿真时序。     

CMV2000高速大面阵信号处理和完整性仿真分析

基于CMV2000高速大面阵探测器构建了图像处理系统,为了在100 fps帧率的情况下同时采集和处理2片2 K×1 K面阵的图像,系统必须拥有足够的带宽缓存数据。采用Xilinx公司Virtex5系列FPGA作为主控器件,4片数据速率为533 Mbit/s的DDR2 SDRAM作为缓存设备,实现数据的采集、缓存和处理。高速并行的DDR2 SDRAM数据线的信号完整性将成为系统设计的薄弱环节,因此在电路硬件实际投入制造之前进行仿真是十分必要的。采用Cadence公司的Sig Xplore和Sig Noise仿真工具对系统中DDR2 SDRAM的数据线进行了反射和串扰的仿真,得出了使用片上终端匹配(ODT)和数控阻抗(DCI)技术进行阻抗匹配时数据线的反射引起的信号上冲和下冲都在器件要求的范围之内,数据线在8 mil线宽8 mil间距2 000 mil耦合距离的情况下串扰噪声在信号的噪声容限之内等结论。研究了高带宽的高速大面阵图像系统信号完整性仿真方法,仿真结果能够满足系统要求,从而为解决此类问题提供了思路和途径。     

基于FPGA的DDR2 SDRAM数据存储研究

DDR2 SDRAM具有存取速度快,容量大等特点,它在内存、显存及数据暂存方面有着广泛的应用。本文基于Xilinx Virtex5 Fx70TFPGA对DDR2 SDRAM数据存取做了较为详细的探讨,希望对相关设计人员有一定的参考价值。     

基于FPGA的视频拼接系统的硬件设计

针对大屏幕视频拼接在物联网、智能交通网等领域中需求越来越大的问题,设计了一套基于FPGA的视频拼接系统．该系统选用Xillinx公司的Spartan．6作为处理器,配备以Micron公司高速DDR2SDRAM存储芯片,支持高清VGA和DVI接口,提供2个视频输入通道和4个视频拼接输出通道,详细分析了系统组成及功能,并给出系统硬件设计及实现方法．     

实时视频SDRAM控制器的FPGA设计与实现

描述了一种1024×768高分辨率实时视频图像数据处理的方法。由于高分辨率的视频流数据量大,又要进行实时显示,对于这样大的数据量必定要求大容量存储器来进行缓存; SDRAM存储量大,价格低廉,非常适于本系统。分析了设计中所用的SDRAM性能、特点,给出了SDRAM初始化方式及其相应的模式设置值,并根据本设计的实际情况对SDRAM状态机进行了简化,给出了一种相对容易实现的SDRAM状态机。为了实现快速实时的视频传输数据,使用了两片SDRAM进行读写切换,以写满写SDRAM为切换的标志,这样保证图像数据实时显示。并在相应的硬件电路上做了彩条实验,证明控制器操作的可行性。     

DVB-T调制器单频网同步系统的设计与实现

通过分析地面数字电视广播单频网调制器的同步工作原理,介绍了如何利用SDRAM实现单频网调制器的延时同步功能,并重点论述了SDRAM控制器的设计.该设计基于FPGA,采用Verilog HDL硬件描述语言进行编程实现,具有较好的通用性,可适用于其它需要大容量缓存的应用场合.     

地震数据采集中基于FPGA的多DDR SDRAM控制器设计

实现高速大容量数据的无死时间乒乓存储是地震数据采集系统的一项关键技术,本设计采用在一片FPGA中,通过共享同一个PLL和DLL来实现2个DDR SDRAM控制器,应用于海上高精度地震拖缆采集与记录系统中光纤控制接口板上,完成对水下地震采集数据的接收、乒乓缓存、数据拼接及时序转道序功能.最终系统仿真和测试结果表明,该控制器能够在133MHz频率上稳定运行,达到了预期的设计目标.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-