镁合金循环塑性变形行为的实验和本构关系研究综述

Fatigue analysis has always been a concern in the design and assessment of Mg alloy structure components subjected to cyclic loading, and research on the cyclic plasticity is fundamental to investigate the corresponding fatigue failure. Thus, this work reviews the progress in the cyclic plasticity of Mg alloys. First, the existing macroscopic and microscopic experimental results of Mg alloys are summarized. Then, corresponding macroscopic phenomenological constitutive models and crystal plasticity-based models are reviewed. Finally, some conclusions and recommended topics on the cyclic plasticity of Mg alloys are provided to boost the further development and application of Mg alloys.     

孔隙材料宏观塑性模型及其研究进展

围绕孔隙材料宏观塑性模型,对其流动法则及非关联势进行了推导。分析评价了孔隙材料主流宏观塑性模型并列举了国内外应用实例。     

基于第一性原理的镁合金合金相及固溶体研究进展

镁合金作为轻质的金属材料,具有广阔的应用前景,发展先进镁合金已成为当前的研究重点之一。第一性原理计算为开发和设计新型镁合金提供了一种经济高效的方法。基于第一性原理方法,综述了镁合金合金相及固溶体的研究现状,主要对晶体结构、弹性常数、弹性模量及广义层错能等的第一性原理研究进行了介绍,讨论了合金元素以及相结构对镁合金力学性能的影响。阐明第一性原理计算方法在镁合金研究中的重要作用,为新型镁合金成分设计及开发高性能镁合金提供参考。     

Toward the development of Mg alloys with simultaneously improved strength and ductility by refining grain size via the deformation process

Magnesium(Mg) alloys, as the lightest metal engineering materials, have broad application prospects.However, the strength and ductility of traditional Mg alloys are still relativity low and difficult to improve simultaneously.Refining grain size via the deformation process based on the grain boundary strengthening and the transition of deformation mechanisms is one of the feasible strategies to prepare Mg alloys with high strength and high ductility.In this review, the effects of grain size on the strength and ductility of Mg alloys are summarized, and fine-grained Mg alloys with high strength and high ductility developed by various severe plastic deformation technologies and improved traditional deformation technologies are introduced.Although some achievements have been made, the effects of grain size on various Mg alloys are rarely discussed systematically and some key mechanisms are unclear or lack direct microscopic evidence.This review can be used as a reference for further development of high-performance fine-grained Mg alloys.     

Toward the development of Mg alloys with simultaneously improved strength and ductility by refining grain size via the deformation process

Magnesium(Mg) alloys, as the lightest metal engineering materials, have broad application prospects.However, the strength and ductility of traditional Mg alloys are still relativity low and difficult to improve simultaneously.Refining grain size via the deformation process based on the grain boundary strengthening and the transition of deformation mechanisms is one of the feasible strategies to prepare Mg alloys with high strength and high ductility.In this review, the effects of grain size on the strength and ductility of Mg alloys are summarized, and fine-grained Mg alloys with high strength and high ductility developed by various severe plastic deformation technologies and improved traditional deformation technologies are introduced.Although some achievements have been made, the effects of grain size on various Mg alloys are rarely discussed systematically and some key mechanisms are unclear or lack direct microscopic evidence.This review can be used as a reference for further development of high-performance fine-grained Mg alloys.     

Effects of icosahedral phase formation on the microstructure and mechanical improvement of Mg alloys: A review

Icosahedral phase (I-phase) is a relatively excellent strengthening phase in Mg alloys. Depending on their volume fraction, the yield strength of Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloys can vary from 150 to 450 MPa at room temperature. Recently, the formation of I-phase has been considered as one of the most effective methods for developing high strength lightweight Mg alloys for automotive and aerospace applications. In this review article, a series of research work about I-phase containing Mg alloys have been systematically investigated including I-phase formation mechanism and their effects on mechanical properties of Mg alloys. Particular emphases have been given to: (1) Structure of I-phase and its orientation relationship with the a-Mg matrix. (2) Influence of alloying elements and solidification conditions on I-phase formation. (3) Effects of I-phase on microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of Mg–Zn–Y–(Zr) alloys. Moreover, the applications of I-phase for the mechanical improvement of other Mg alloys such as AZ91 and super-lightweight Mg–Li alloys are also reviewed.     

Mechanical, deformation and fracture behaviors of bulk metallic glass composites reinforced by spherical B2 particles

Ti_(45)Cu_(40)Ni_7Zr_5Sn_(2.5)Si_(0.5) alloys were prepared under various cooling rate conditions during solidification.The alloys exhibited different volume fractions of B2 particles with 0～40 vol%in an amorphous matrix.Monolithic bulk metallic glass of 1 mm diameter showed no macroscopic plasticity and exhibited the typical vein patterns in a maximum shear stress plane on the fracture surface.However,a bulk metallic glass composite containing the B2 particles revealed obvious plasticity(～5.6%)with a remarkable work-hardening behavior that resulted from a stress-induced martensitic transformation of the B2 particles.Moreover,the composite displayed the complicated fracture morphologies containing of three types of fracture features.Through detailed investigations on the microstructural evolution,mechanical,deformation and fracture characteristics,the influence of B2 particle on overall behavior of the TiCu-based bulk metallic glass composites was elucidated.     

热处理对贮氢电极合金La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.45Co0.75Mn0.1Al0.2的微结构与电化学性能的影响

研究了热处理时间对贮氢电极合金La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.45Co0.75Mn0.1Al0.2的微结构与电化学性能的影响。XRD分析结果表明,所有合金均由(La,Mg)Ni3与LaNi5两相构成,热处理并没有使该贮氢合金发生相变。电化学研究结果表明,随着热处理时间的延长,合金电极的最大放电容量与循环稳定性能均得到明显改善,而高倍率放电性能却逐渐恶化。     

长周期堆垛有序结构强化Mg-Zn-Y合金的组织与性能

为研究长周期堆垛有序( LPSO)结构对Mg-Zn-Y变形镁合金组织与性能的影响,通过铸造和热挤压工艺制备了Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及电子万能试验机等研究了2种合金在铸态、退火态以及挤压态下的显微组织和力学性能.研究结果表明,Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金的铸态组织均由α-Mg和18R型LPSO相构成,LP-SO相连接成网状分布在晶界.经500℃退火36 h后,Mg97 Zn1 Y2合金中部分块状LPSO相分解为细层片状,结构由18R转变为14H,但在Mg94Zn2Y4合金中未观察到LPSO相结构类型的转变.通过挤压变形,LPSO相沿挤压方向排列,合金强度得到大幅度提高,Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金的抗拉强度分别达到319和390 MPa.     

La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni3.4-xCoxFe0.1合金的制备与电化学性能研究

在氩气保护下采用电磁感应熔炼制备La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni3.4-xCoxFe0.1（x=0.15,0.25,0.35,0.45）合金,研究合金的相结构,以及Co元素部分取代Ni元素对合金的气态储氢性能和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,合金主要由LaNi5、LaNi2以及La2MgNi9相组成。合金电极的最大放电容量分别为346.7mAh/g（x=0.15）、320.3mAh/g（x=0.25）、363.0mAh/g（x=0.35）和313.3mAh/g（x=0.45）,经过65个充放电循环后,合金电极的容量保持率从63.0%（x=0.15）增加到80.2%（x=0.35）,然后再下降到75.0%（x=0.45）。La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni3.15Co0.25Fe0.1合金具有较高的高倍率放电性能（HRD1200%=67.3）和较大的极限电流密度（IL=386.8 mA/g）,显示出其良好的电化学动力学性能。     

Si及Sb对铸态Mg-Al-Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

用普通铸造法制备不同Al、Si含量的Mg-Al-Si三种合金,研究了Si含量和微量Sb对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Si含量增加,合金中的Mg2Si逐渐变粗大,合金力学性能逐渐提高。添加0.75%Sb后,三种合金均产生Mg3Sb2相,粗大的Mg2Si得到细化,呈相对弥散分布,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度进一步提高。拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

铝合金形变时效处理的分析和比较探讨

铝合金常用的时效处理工艺是"淬火+冷变形+时效处理",主要目的是提高铝合金的机械强度并保留好的塑性,防止变形。在实际生产中,采用这种工艺对2000系列和7000系列铝合金进行时效处理后,得到不同的处理效果,即2000系列铝合金时效处理后的机械强度得到提高,并保留了较好的塑性;而7000系列铝合金时效处理后的机械的强度反而会下降。针对这样的问题,文章结合冷变形时效处理的特点,分析和比较了2000系列和7000系列合金的时效析出过程,总结出了两种系列铝合金采用同样的时效处理工艺,产生不同时效处理结果的主要原因。     

变形镁合金的研究热点概述

铸造工艺是镁合金件制造的主流,但经过塑性加工成形的镁合金产品具有更好的力学性能,可适应更为多变的工况需求。国际镁业协会认为,镁合金的长期发展目标应放在新变形镁合金与新成形工艺的开发与研究上。该文概述了变形镁合金目前在世界上的研究热点,分析了中国研究者的变形镁合金研究特点并建议在提高镁合金板材常温下的塑性成形性能方面多做工作,以增强中国镁合金深加工的技术能力。     

变形镁合金的研究热点概述

铸造工艺是镁合金件制造的主流,但经过塑性加工成形的镁合金产品具有更好的力学性能,可适应更为多变的工况需求。国际镁业协会认为,镁合金的长期发展目标应放在新变形镁合金与新成形工艺的开发与研究上。该文概述了变形镁合金目前在世界上的研究热点,分析了中国研究者的变形镁合金研究特点,并建议在提高镁合金板材常温下的塑性成形性能方面多做工作,以增强中国镁合金深加工的技术能力。     

In-situ Mg77Cu12Zn5Y6 bulk metallic glass matrix composite with extraordinary plasticity

Mg base BMG alloys have attracted a great deal of attention for its low density and relative low cost. To date, BMG alloys with millimeter scale have been fab- ricated by using conventional copper cast and die cast method in Mg-Ni-Ce[1], Mg-Ni-La[2], Mg-C…     

Towards understanding the influence of Mg content on phase transformations in the La3-xMgxNi9 alloys by in-situ neutron powder diffraction study

The present work is focused on the studies of the phase-structural transformations in the La_3-xMg_xNi₉ (x = 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2) alloys as active materials of negative electrodes in the Nickel-Metal Hydride(Ni/MH) batteries. The phase equilibria and phase-structural transformations in the alloys were probed by in situ neutron powder diffraction(NPD) at the temperatures ranging from 300 K to 1273 K using the measurements of the equilibrated alloys at 8 setpoint temper...     

Effect of long-period stacking ordered phase on microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys: A review

Magnesium alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase have been received a great deal of attention in the last decade owing to their excellent comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. In this paper, some fundamental aspects of LPSO containing Mg alloys have been reviewed, including: (1) microstructural characterization, formation conditions and the associated phase transformation of LPSO phases in Mg alloys; (2) deformation mechanism of LPSO phases and their influence on the deformation mechanism of the Mg matrix; (3) effect of LPSO structure on the mechanical performance such as tensile strength, creep resistance, fracture toughness and fatigue strength; (4) corrosion behavior of LPSO containing Mg alloys and their possible applications as the biomaterials. Moreover, some remaining unsolved issues of the LPSO containing Mg alloys and the future target about how to further improve their service properties have been also described.     

锌基合金型材组织与性能的研究

锌基合金可以挤压和轧制成型.挤压成型塑性偏低.通过固溶处理后自然时效,能有效地提高合金的综合力学性能;通过变形后直接人工时效,可有效地提高合金的塑性.文内提供了实验结果,并对自然时效和人工时效的机制进行了研究,为提高锌基合金型材的力学性能开拓一条新途径.     

高强耐蚀At—mg合金的研究现状

介绍了国内外高强、耐蚀Al-mg合金的发展现状。论述了工艺参数,微量元素和稀土元素对Al-mg合金机械性能、特别是对其耐蚀性能的影响。     

Experimental investigation of the cyclic degradation of the one-way shape memory effect of NiTi alloys

Based on stress-and strain-controlled cyclic tension-unloading-heat-cooling tests, cyclic degradation of the one-way shape memory effect(OWSME) of NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs) was investigated. It was seen, in thermo-mechanical coupled cyclic tests, that residual strain after each cycle accumulated, but the martensite reorientation stress and dissipation energy-per-cycle decreased as the number of cycles increased. Meanwhile, the cyclic degradation of OWSME was aggravated by increasing the stress/strain amplitude. In addition, the stress-strain response of NiTi SMAs was further investigated by performing simultaneous thermo-mechanical coupled cyclic tests with various phase-angle differences between the mechanical and thermal cyclic loadings. It can be concluded that such cyclic response depends significantly on prescribed phase-angle differences. Obtained experimental results are helpful for both the development of constitutive models and engineering applications of NiTi SMAs.