中医药治疗促进腱骨愈合的研究

随着运动医学日益发展,前交叉韧带（Anterior Cruciate Ligament,ACL）重建术日益增多,但是,影响ACL重建术后腱骨界面愈合的因素也很多,例如：移植材料、骨隧道、手术方式。而且常有韧带重建术后腱骨不愈合情况发生,导致ACL重建术失败或影响关节功能恢复。文章就中医学对腱骨愈合的病因病机的认识,以及专方、单味药或提取物、传统功法方面进行相关综述。     

长白猪骨髓和脂肪间充质干细胞复制性衰老过程中生物学特性和抗氧化损伤能力的比较

为研究对比长白猪骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)和脂肪间充质干细胞(adiposederivedmesenchymalstemcells,AMSCs)在体外衰老过程中的生物学特性和抗氧化损伤能力,分别利用贴壁筛选法、Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法分离获得BMSCs和AMSCs,利用流式细胞术鉴定细胞,EdU检测细胞增殖能力,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测基因表达,β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-gal)染色检测细胞衰老情况,油红O和茜素红染色检测细胞的成脂和成骨分化能力,TUNEL检测细胞的凋亡情况．分离的BMSCs和AMSCs均高表达CD44和CD90,不表达CD45和CD34．与AMSCs相比,P8代BMSCs增殖能力强,OCT4和Ki67表达高,β-gal阳性细胞数少,成骨分化能力高．但在成脂分化能力方面,AMSCs强于BMSCs．进一步发现H2O2处理P8代细胞时,AMSCs比BMSCs对氧化损伤更敏感,细胞凋亡率显著增加,究其原因可能与抗氧化损伤基因表达的显著降低有关．     

玉柏石松中甾体化合物对体外培养成骨细胞活性的影响

为研究玉柏石松中甾体化合物豆甾烷-3-酮-21-羧酸（SA）对体外培养小鼠成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1活性的影响,用Alamar Blue法检测了成骨细胞增殖率,碱性磷酸酶试剂盒检测了细胞中碱性磷酸酶活性,茜素红染色检测了成骨细胞矿化水平,荧光定量PCR检测了成骨细胞骨分化相关基因的表达.结果显示：8μmol/L和16μmol/L的SA处理细胞8 d能抑制成骨细胞碱性磷酸活性;处理细胞16 d能提高骨细胞矿化水平.SA抑制成骨早期分化相关基因（Runx-2和Osterix）的表达,促进骨基质蛋白OPN和骨重建相关转录因子（Jun-D,Fra-1和Fra-2）的表达.故SA具有促进骨折愈合的成骨活性,可能通过促进相关转录因子表达,骨折断面旧骨的吸收和骨基质钙化等方式完成.     

HMBA对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞形态结构和终末分化指标表达的影响

应用环六亚甲基双乙酰胺处理人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞,观察MG-63细胞处理前后形态与超微结构及其相关终末分化指标的表达变化.实验结果显示,经5 mmol/L HMBA处理后,MG-63细胞体积增大,趋于扁平铺展状态,细胞大小较为一致,排列较为规则,细胞核形态规则,核质比例减小,核仁减少,核内异染色质减少,常染色质增多,细胞核内的线粒体和高尔基体较为发达,内质网数量增多,细胞表面的微绒毛减少,在成熟细胞中可见钙化糖原颗粒,细胞表面出现钙化小泡沉积,并且形成典型的骨结节.常规细胞化学和免疫细胞化学检测显示,HMBA处理后的细胞中Ⅰ型胶原纤维、骨钙素、骨粘素的表达显著增加,实验结果表明HMBA能够有效诱导人成骨肉瘤细胞的分化,并促进其终末分化指标的表达.     

灵芝浸液对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

报道了灵芝对Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠产生抗绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）抗体的能力及对迟发性变态反应（ＤＨＴ）等免疫功能的影响。实验小鼠分为高、中、低剂量组，经胃灌注不同剂量的灵芝浸液，每天灌注１次，连续灌１５ｄ，对照组自由摄水。用ＳＲＢＣ免疫小鼠，免疫后第５ｄ用溶血空斑实验（ＰＦＣ）进行抗体生成细胞检测，以反映Ｂ细胞生成ＩｇＭ抗体的能力；于免疫后第４ｄ用足底增厚法测定ＤＨＴ强度，以检测Ｔ细胞功能；用碳粒廓清实验检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果：高、中剂量组溶血空斑数目明显高于对照组，ｐ＜０．０５；高、中剂量组能明显提高小鼠ＤＨＴ反应程度，ｐ＜０．０５。表明灵芝能提高小鼠Ｔ细胞和Ｂ细胞的功能。碳粒廓清实验用药组与对照组无显著差异。     

miRNA在人骨髓来源间充质干细胞成骨诱导分化过程中的表达

观察miRNAs在人骨髓来源间充质干细胞成骨诱导分化过程中的表达情况。以从骨髓中分离培养的MSCs及成骨诱导培养后的细胞为实验对象,利用基因芯片检测miRNAs的表达情况,由SAM分析得到MSCs较其诱导培养细胞中差异表达的miRNAs,再进行生物信息学分析。分离培养出的MSCs经成骨诱导培养14 d后,已具有成骨细胞特性;经芯片检测并SAM分析,成骨诱导培养的细胞较MSCs高表达的miRNAs有7个:hsa-miR-363*、hsa-miR-483、hsa-miR-590、hsa-miR-130a、hsa-miR-15b、hsa-miR-30c、hsa-miR-663;成骨诱导培养的细胞较MSCs低表达的miRNAs有6个:hsa-miR-192、hsa-miR-210、hsa-miR-128a、hsa-miR-224、hsa-miR-106a、hsa-miR-494。利用TargetScan预测其靶基因,并行生物信息学分析,其中hsa-miR-130a、hsa-miR-15b和hsa-miR-30c的预测靶基因多为维持干细胞特性的基因;而hsa-miR-106a和hsa-miR-494的预测靶基因多为参与骨形成及成骨分化的基因。为证明miRNAs参与调控MSCs的成骨分化过程提供了直接证据和研究基础。     

富血小板纤维蛋白对人牙周膜细胞增殖及成骨能力的影响

目的:检测富血小板纤维蛋白提取液(PRFe)对人牙周膜细胞(h PDLCs)增殖及成骨分化能力的影响.方法:组织块法分离培养h PDLCs,免疫组化鉴定来源;Choukroun法制取PRFe;MTT法检测不同体积分数的PRFe对h PDLCs增殖活性的影响以确定最适宜体积分数的PRFe.实验分为空白对照组和PRFe组.碱性磷酸酶试剂盒检测ALP活性;茜素红染色观察细胞矿化功能;Western Blotting检测细胞中成骨蛋白BMP2和Runx2的表达.结果:体积分数为50%的PRFe吸光度值高于其他实验组(P0.05).选择体积分数为50%的PRFe用于后续实验,ALP活性检测、茜素红染色结果显示PRFe组的检测指标随着时间延长上升幅度均显著大于空白对照组,具有统计学差异(P0.05),PRFe组ALP活性与矿化结节积分光密度值于各时间点均高于空白对照组,具有统计学差异(P0.05).Western Blotting结果显示PRFe组成骨蛋白表达强于对照组,具有统计学差异(P0.05).结论:PRFe具有促进体外h PDLCs增殖以及成骨分化的作用.     

鼻咽癌克隆株裸鼠体内传代过程中CD44粘附分子的表达

本实验用免疫组化的方法检测了人低分化鼻咽癌单克隆株（ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ－Ｈ５）体内传代过程中裸鼠移植瘤和回复培养的肿瘤细胞中ＣＤ４４粘附分子的表达及其与转移的关系。结果表明；不同代之间裸鼠移植瘤和回复培养的肿瘤细胞中ＣＤ４４粘附分子的表达有差异。其中第四代裸鼠移植瘤和回复培养的肿瘤细胞ＣＤ４４粘附分子的表达明显高于原代移植瘤及原代细胞（Ｐ＜０．０５）。裸鼠移植瘤中ＣＤ４４粘附分子的表达与肿瘤转移率成正相关关系。结果提示：ＣＤ４４粘附分子的表达与鼻咽癌转移关系密切。     

淫羊藿甙对高浓度葡萄糖抑制MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化的保护作用*

为了探讨淫羊藿甙对高浓度葡萄糖抑制MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化是否具有保护左右,采用含10 mmol/Lβ-磷酸甘油、50 mg/L维生素C以及10~(-8)mol/L地塞米松的α-MEM培养基诱导MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化。根据培养基葡糖糖含量不同分别设置对照组(5. 5 mol/L葡萄糖)、高糖组(22 mol/L葡萄糖)和药物干预组(22 mol/L葡萄糖)。药物干预组各组细胞换液时分别加入0. 1μmol/L、1. 0μmol/L和10μmol/L的淫羊藿甙。通过茜素红染色、钙含量检测方法检测诱导培养25 d后细胞外钙含量,使用Real time PCR检测诱导培养7 d后成骨标志分子表达,观察各组MC3T3-E1细胞的成骨分化情况。使用活性氧检测试剂盒检测诱导培养7 d后的各组MC3T3-E1细胞内自由氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成水平。结果表明:22mmol/L葡萄糖组细胞钙含量最低,成骨标志分子ALP、Osteorix及Runx2表达降低,细胞内自由氧生成水平升高,MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化受到抑制。使用不同浓度淫羊藿甙干预后,细胞钙含量升高,成骨标志分子ALP、Osteorix及Runx2表达升高,细胞内自由氧生成水平降低,MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化抑制作用呈现浓度依赖性的减弱。可见淫羊藿甙能够通过降低细胞内自由氧水平,减弱高浓度葡萄糖对成骨细胞分化的抑制作用。     

hMSCs的成骨定向分化及与PLGA/TCP的相容性

为验证人骨髓间充质干细胞(h MSCs)的成骨定向分化,将成骨分化培养基培养作为成骨组,完全培养基培养作为对照组进行实验.VON KASSA染色结果显示:h MSCs具有良好的成骨分化能力,钙结节明显;碱性磷酸酶(ALP)酶活性检测结果显示:成骨组的ALP酶活性明显高于对照组(P0.01),在12 d达到峰值,随后进入平台期.为验证h MSCs和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/磷酸三钙(PLGA/TCP)的相容性,将PLGA/TCP上培养作为立体培养组、平面上培养作为平面对照组进行相关分析,扫描电镜结果显示细胞能在材料上粘附生长并进行成骨分化,四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)检测结果显示立体培养组的增殖率在5和7天时要明显高于平面对照组(P0.01),ALP酶活性检测结果显示立体培养组的成骨分化效果在3、5、7天时要好于平面对照组(P0.05),证明h MSCs和PLGA/TCP具有良好的生物相容性,两者具有结合生成组织工程骨的潜力.     

Effects of intermittent negative pressure on osteogenesis in human bone marrow-derived stroma cells

Objective: We investigated the effects of intermittent negative pressure on osteogenesis in human bone marrow-derived stroma cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Methods: BMSCs were isolated from adult marrow donated by a hip osteoarthritis patient with prosthetic replacement and cultured in vitro. The third passage cells were divided into negative pressure treatment group and control group. The treatment group was induced by negative pressure intermittently (pressure: 50 kPa, 30 min/times, and twice daily). The control was cultured in conventional condition. The osteogenesis of BMSCs was examined by phase-contrast microscopy, the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and the immunohistochemistry of collagen type I. The mRNA expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL) in BMSCs were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: BMSCs showed a typical appearance of osteoblast after 2 weeks of induction by intermittent negative pressure, the activity of ALP increased significantly, and the expression of collagen type I was positive. In the treatment group, the mRNA expression of OPG increased significantly (P<0.05) and the mRNA expression of OPGL decreased significantly (P<0.05) after 2 weeks, compared with the control. Conclusion: Intermittent negative pressure could promote osteogenesis in human BMSCs in vitro.     

成骨细胞诱导骨髓基质细胞体外成骨的初步研究

目的:探讨在不使用细胞因子或化学药物的情况下,成骨细胞(Osteoblast,OB)与骨髓基质细胞(Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,BMSCs)混合培养时,成骨细胞提供的成骨微环境能否在体外诱导BMSCs向成骨细胞分化,并复合支架形成成熟的骨组织.研究成骨细胞诱导BMSCs有效成骨的最小比值(指成骨细胞与骨髓基质干细胞数量的比值).方法:SY别培养SD乳鼠的成骨细胞与SD大鼠的BMSCs,将成骨细胞和BMSCs以1:9、2:8、3:7、1:0的不同比例进行混合培养,通过测定第3、6、9天培养液上清中的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的含量,研究成骨细胞促BMSCs有效成骨的最小比值.将两种细胞以该最小浓度比混匀接种于涂附Ⅰ型胶原壳聚糖材料支架上(直径9 mm,高3mm)作为混合培养组,相同终浓度的单纯成骨细胞和单纯BMSCs分别接种于相同支架作为阳性对照及阴性对照.另设置低比值成骨细胞对照组(仅含有共培养组中相同的成骨细胞数,但不含有共培养组中的BMSCs).全部标本均于体外培养8周后取材,通过大体观察、组织学及免疫组织化学等相关检测对新生骨进行评价.结果:成骨细胞和BMSCs以3:7的比例进行混合培养时已可实现有效成骨.3:7比例的混合培养组及阳性对照组(成骨细胞组)体外培养8周后大体观察和苏木素-伊红染色(HE)、ALP染色基本相同,均表达骨特异性细胞外基质Ⅰ型胶原,形成了较成熟的骨组织.阴性对照组(单纯BMSCs组)和低比值成骨细胞组,原细胞支架复合物变小、变形.低比值成骨细胞组在局部形成了少量的骨组织,阴性对照组(单纯BMSCs组)未能发现骨样组织形成.结论:在不使用细胞因子或化学药物的情况下,成骨细胞提供的成骨微环境能够在体外诱导BMSCs向成骨细胞分化并形成成熟的骨组织.混合细胞中成骨细胞与BMSCs的比例为3:7时是有效成骨的最小比值.     

Electrospun Nanofibers of Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Chitosan Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs

Bone tissue engineering, aiming at developing bone substitutes for repair and regeneration of bone defects instead of using autologous bone grafts, has attracted wide attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Developing biomimetic biomaterial scaffolds able to regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells could be a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, clectrospun composite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan （ HAp/Col/CTS ） resembling the fibrous nanostructure and constituents of the hierarchically organized natural bone, were prepared to investigate their capacity for promoting bone mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage in the absence and presence of the osteogenlc supplementation, respectively. Call morphology, proliferation and quantified specific osteogenic protein expression on the electrospun HAp/Coi/CTS scaffolds were evaluated in comparison with different controls including dectrospun nanofibrous CTS, HAp/CTS and tissue culture plate. Our remits showed that the nanofibrous HAp/Col/CTS scaffolds supported better spreading and proliferation of the BMSCs than other substrates （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Expressions of osteogenesis protein markers, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） and Col, were significantly upregulated on the HAp/Col/CTS than those on the CTS （P 〈0.01） and HAp/ CTS （P 〈 0. 05 ） scaffolds in the absence of the osteogeulc supplementation. Moreover, presence of osteogeulc supplementation also proved to enhance osteogeule differentiation of BMSCs on HAp/ Col/CTS scaffolds, indicative of a synergistic effect. This study highlights the potential of BMSCs/HAp/Col/CTS cell-scaffold system for functional bone repair and regeneration applications.     

山芝烯二醇对体外培养成骨细胞成骨活性的影响

为研究玉柏石松提取物山芝烯二醇对体外培养小鼠颅骨成骨细胞活性的影响,采用MTT法、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）试剂盒、荧光定量PCR检测不同浓度药物作用不同时间后成骨细胞增殖、ALP活性和成骨活性相关基因,如原癌基因（c-jun、c-fos）、成骨转录因子（Osterix）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、Ⅰ型胶原（Col-Ⅰ）、骨钙素（OC）表达.结果显示：山芝烯二醇处理早期（3 d）促进成骨细胞增殖,促进c-jun、c-fos基因表达,先抑制后促进Osterix基因表达;晚期（9 d）促进ALP活性和ALP、Col-Ⅰ基因表达,对OC基因无明显影响.说明山芝烯二醇可以促进成骨细胞的增值,ALP活性及部分骨相关基因表达,是玉柏石松促进骨愈合的有效成分之一.     

Notch signaling stimulates osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Notch signaling is one of the most important pathways mediating cell determination and differentiation.In this study, the roles of Notch signal in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were investigated. The expression of Notch1, Jaggedl and DTXI detected by reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) suggested that Notch signal might exhibit a physiological regulatory role in the differentiation of MSCs. Constitutive expression of the intracellular domain of Notchl (ICN), the active form of Notchl protein, can activate Notch signal in cells without ligands‘ binding, hMSCs were isolated, expanded, and infected with retrovirus carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene or ICN. Overexpression of ICN in hMSCs resulted in enhanced osteogenic differentiation induced by dexamethasone (Dex), which was characterized by an increase of cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition. These results indicate that Notch stimulates differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts.     

Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Human Periodontal Ligament Cells in Bone Regeneration

The purpose of this study was to primarily culture human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs) and to reprogram hPDLCs with exogenous genes via a lentivirus-mediated transfection system. Then induced pluripotent stem cells derived from h PDLCs(hPDLC-iPSCs) were identified. Alizarin red staining was used to observe the formation of mineralized nodules and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) was used to detect the expression of osteogenic genes. For the in vivo experiment, nude mouse skull defect models were established and cell sheets were made to repair the bone defect. The reprogrammed cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining and embryonic stem cells(ESCs)-specific proteins, and could form teratomas. After osteogenic induction, alizarin red staining showed that the number of mineralized nodules in the h PDLC-i PSCs group was more and the osteogenic related factors ALP, osteocalcin(OCN), Col-I and Runx2 were also expressed higher in hPDLC-iPSCs. The hPDLC-iPSC cell sheets were all successfully made. Histological analysis showed that the h PDLC-i PSC cell sheet got new bone formation. These results demonstrated that hPDLC-iPSCs were successfully generated from human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and hPDLC-iPSC cell sheets provided new options for bone tissue engineering.     

26-失碳-8-氧代-α-芒柄花萜醇对体外培养成骨细胞活性的影响

为研究玉柏石松提取物26-失碳-8-氧代-α-芒柄花萜醇(26-NO-Ono)对成骨细胞活性的影响,采用MTT检测不同浓度26-NO-Ono(3.33,6.66,13.32,26.64μmol/L)对成骨细胞增殖率,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)试剂盒检测成骨细胞内ALP活性,荧光定量PCR检测成骨细胞骨相关基因表达.结果表明:26-NO-Ono给药1d可促进成骨细胞增殖,给药3d可促进成骨细胞ALP活性.26-NO-Ono处理3d和9d会抑制骨涎蛋白(BSP)、I型胶原蛋白(Col-I)以及骨钙素蛋白(OCN)的基因表达;处理6d会促进上述基因的表达.26-NO-Ono长期处理(6d和9d)可以抑制骨桥蛋白(OPN)的基因表达,说明26-NO-Ono对成骨细胞的成骨活性的影响呈时间依赖性,剂量依赖性和细胞分化状态依赖性.     

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles promote osteogenesis compared to adipogenesis in human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Rhombohedron-like and fusiform calcium carbonate nanoparticles were fabricated using a new method. Their geometry was controlled by varying the mixing speed and ratio of ethanol versus water in reaction system. The calcium carbonate nanoparticles(CCNPs) have slight effect on viability of human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs) with dose-dependent and shape-dependent, but they can significantly promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro by 10–37% increase of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity, 9–36% growth of collagen secretion and 1.13–1.83 folds upregulation of osteogenesis-related genes, even at lower dose ranges(5–20 μg/ml). The efficacity of promoting osteogenesis depends on the shape and dose of CCNPs. Furthermore,adipogenesis was inhibited by less accumulation of lipid droplets, lower triglyceride(TG) secretion and downregulation of adipogenesis-related genes. These findings improve the understanding of effects CCNPs on hBMSCs fate towards osteoblasts or adipocytes and have meaningful impact for combining use of CCNPs and hBMSCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields.     

乌骨藤苷晶体对人宫颈腺癌荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤抑制 作用的实验研究

摘要: 目的 研究乌骨藤苷晶体对人宫颈腺癌荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤的抑制作用。方法 采用人宫颈腺癌接种裸鼠待长出 实体瘤,用第三代实体瘤移植裸鼠皮下建立人宫颈腺癌裸鼠模型; 用乌骨藤提取物苷晶体( I、II) ( 0. 24 g /250 mL) 分别给实验组裸鼠灌胃 0. 5 mL/只,对照组给饮用水,每日 1 次,连续 30 d。每周测量体质量和肿瘤大小 2 次,30 d 给药后处死小鼠,解剖,称其肿瘤质量,计算抑瘤率,评价乌骨藤提取物苷晶体( Ⅰ、Ⅱ) 对裸鼠荷瘤的抑制作用。结 果 乌骨藤苷晶体Ⅰ和晶体Ⅱ对人宫颈腺癌荷瘤裸鼠有抑制肿瘤作用,抑瘤率分别 88. 95 % 和66. 71 % ,其中晶体 Ⅰ和Ⅱ抑制肿瘤作用与对照组比较有显著性差异( 晶体Ⅰ,P ＜ 0. 01; 晶体Ⅱ,P ＜ 0. 05) 。结论 乌骨藤苷晶体Ⅰ和 晶体Ⅱ均有抑制人宫颈腺癌荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤的作用。