中国城市生活废弃物处理方法的优序决策

在分析影响城市生活废弃物处理方法的自然、经济及环境因素的基础上, 利用层次分析法(AHP)构造城市生活废弃物处理方法的决策模型。卫生填埋法和高温堆肥法联用, 是适合我国国情的最佳处理方法。     

城市废水污灌的生态效应及生态处理技术

我国工农业生产与城市严重缺水，城市污水处理率低，在客观上要求城市污水经生态处理后回用于农业。人工湿地污水处理系统利用基质、植物和微生物这个复合生态系统的物理、化学和生物的三重协调作用，通过过滤、吸附、共沉淀、离子交换、植物吸收和微生物分解来降解污染物质，不仅其出水水质能够达到农田灌溉水质标准，而且由于其具有出水水质稳定、对营养物质去除能力强、基建和运行费用低、技术含量低、维护管理方便等优点，因此人工湿地完全有可能替代传统二级污水处理厂高效净化污水，并将处理出水用于灌溉农田，实现农业的可持续发展。参36。     

From Bureaucracy to Learning Organization: Critical Minimum Specification Design as Space for Sensemaking

What does it take of a municipal organization to be a significant participant in the dynamic, learning oriented interaction within a triple helix constellation of partners aimed at regional development? The short answer is that it needs to develop the receptivity (Morgan, 1996) and the flexibility to act in novel ways, which are the traits of a learning organization. However, how these abilities are enhanced in organizations that are basically organized as bureaucracies aimed at maintaining a stable and standardized function of its operations, is an under-researched phenomenon within the triple helix discussions. In this paper, I investigate this question through an analysis of a change and development process within a municipal organization that aimed to enhance the capacity of the organization to interact receptively and dynamically with their environment, by changing their organizational structure from a bureaucratic to a post-bureaucratic type. The main finding is that rather than the new formal structure as such; it is the process of sensemaking following the introduction of this new formal structure that creates the capacity for learning and development. However, this outcome is dependent on the sensemaking process being turned over from a defensive mode into a learning oriented mode. The paper explores how this turn may be facilitated.     

官员任期、任期交错与企业环境治理——基于环保厅长和市委书记间任期交错的实证证据

与环保厅长仅受“环境绩效”单一考核目标不同,地级市委书记需要同时平衡“经济增长绩效”和“环境治理绩效”两种目标,因而两者任期长短及其交错程度对辖区企业环境治理可能表现为“交错效应”抑或“协调效应”?以中国2006～2019年非金融类上市公司作为研究样本,使用手工搜集的环境投资数据对上述问题进行实证研究。研究发现：企业环境投资呈现显著的任期周期性规律,表现为环保厅长或市委书记任期时间越长,企业环境治理力度越大;且环保厅长和市委书记之间任期交错程度越小,辖区企业环境治理力度越大,表现为“协调效应”。上述研究揭示了官员任期交错对辖区企业环境治理的具体作用机理,为进一步完善中国环境治理体系的顶层制度设计提供理论证据。     

城市固废焚烧过程的回路控制半实物仿真平台

为精确模拟和实现城市固废焚烧(municipal solid waste incineration,MSWI)过程的多入多出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)回路控制,面向实际工业过程开发了由真实设备层和虚拟对象层组成的分布式半实物仿真实验平台。结合对MSWI工艺流程机理模型的定性描述,建立了数据驱动的面向回路控制的虚拟过程对象模型,依据回路控制需求设计了该平台的各软件子系统,以及相互间的协同运行模式,搭建了平台硬件和开发了平台软件,并采用工业实际数据进行实验验证。结果表明：该平台为MSWI过程的智能建模与控制算法的进一步研究提供了可靠的工程化验证环境。     

Study on the Comprehensive Assessment for the Large-Scale Water Diversion Project Construction of Wanjiazhai Impact on Ecological Environment Quality

1　PrefaceWanjiazhaiYellowRiverWaterDiversionProject,whichmakesdivertedwateroftheYel-lowriveraccessibletoShanxiProvince,isalarge-scalewaterdiversionprojectprovidingmunicipalwatersupplyforTaiyuanandDatongcities,ShanxiProvinceandthestateongo-ingkeyproj...     

Collaborative Inquiry as a Critical Systemic Approach to Improving Ethics and Governance in the Philippine National Police

Improving ethics and governance in policing is often considered an institutional function that police agencies do as ??expert?? institutions. Participation by other stakeholders may be welcome so long as police are able to control the processes and mechanisms of participation. This paper, based on research done with the Philippine National Police, argues that collaborative inquiry could be an effective critical systemic approach to participation by the wider society in police reform. This could enable both police and non-police stakeholders to work together towards mutual understanding and cooperation as equals towards better policing. This participatory approach is not meant to replace the institutional mechanisms that the police use for their own reform effort, but it is supposed to complement them. The research on which this paper is based was an attempt to design a model for collaborative inquiry at the local municipal level of policing in the Philippines, since the municipality is the lowest operational level for the Philippines?? police service. The results of that study suggest that it is possible to establish such a mechanism and make it work, in effect establishing a Close Knit Knowledge Organisation at the lowest level of operational policing.     

Ranking environmental projects model based on multicriteria decision-making and the weight sensitivity analysis

With the fast growth of Chinese economic,more and more capital will be invested in environmental projects.How to select the environmental investment projects(alternatives)for obtaining the best environmental quality and economic benefits is an important problem for the decision makers.The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-making model to rank a finite number of alternatives with several and sometimes conflicting criteria.A model for ranking the projects of municipal sewage treatment plants is proposed by using exports' information and the data of the real projects.And,the ranking result is given based on the PROMETHEE method. Furthermore,by means of the concept of the weight stability intervals(WSI),the sensitivity of the ranking results to the size of criteria values and the change of weights value of criteria are discussed.The result shows that some criteria,such as"proportion of benefit to projoct cost",will influence the ranking result of alternatives very strong while others not.The influence are not only from the value of criterion but also from the changing the weight of criterion.So,some criteria such as"proportion of benefit to projoct cost" are key critera for ranking the projects. Decision makers must be cautious to them.     

Implementation Structure and Participation at Neighbourhood Level-A Multiple Case Study of Neighbourhood Development in Sweden

The last decades have seen the emergence of the settings approach in Health Promotion one example is the Healthy City initiative which was launched by European division of WHO in 1990. In 2003, four Swedish municipalities accordingly signed a contract on a Partnership for Sustainable Welfare Development. One of the objectives was to promote participation, influence, and health at a neighbourhood level by focusing on one housing area in each municipality. These housing areas constitute the setting of this study. The purpose is to examine the implementation structures in the municipalities, and how variations in the implementation structure affect differences in integration of community participation. A triangulation of methods was used in building up a case study database: semi-structured key informant interviews with 29 stakeholders in the municipalities; examination of solicited and unsolicited documents; and participatory observations which included repeated visits to the neighbourhoods. The results show that the greater the visibility of community participation policy is in the implementation structure the greater is the integration of community participation in the neighbourhood renewal work. Two explanatory factors have been identified. The first is that making the community participation policy visible in the implementation structure results in more appropriate strategies for mobilizing the community in the neighbourhood renewal work. The second is that the municipal governing of the neighbourhood renewal allows more space for community participation when the policy is visible in the implementation structure.     

需求推断差异下供应链成员的运营决策机制

供应链终端随机需求的分布不确定时,制造商和零售商将根据各自掌握信息推断需求分布。若零售商不与制造商分享历史需求数据,制造商将根据零售商的历史订单数据进行需求推断。分析了制造商是否有历史需求数据时的价格决策、零售商相应的订购决策,以及供应链成员之间需求数据分享决策。结论显示：制造商根据零售商订单数据推断的需求过高时,将制定较高的批发价格;零售商的期望利润将比与制造商分享需求数据时少,零售商与制造商共享终端需求数据的可能性较大。进一步分析了激励供应链成员分享需求信息并增加供应链利润的协调机制。     

Cooperation,power, and the impact of information systems

Imagination suggests that the computer as a communication tool is potentially a significant factor in enhancing cooperative work, especially where the participants are located over a physical or temporal distance. Implementation of innovative information technology offers enhancement of operational efficiency to an enterprise in a turbulent business environment. Communications and decision making are inseparable. Industrial democracy (ID) is a particular arrangement of decisionmaking power where decision makers have to be informed and decisions have to be communicated. Cooperation implies a redistribution of power and the weakening of the traditional management organizational heirarchy. Cogently, this effect is mirrored by the potential of management information systems to redistribute information and, hence, power within an enterprise. The response of traditional management personnel to the threat of information technology (IT) to established positions of authority, is one of defense. Conventional systems analysis is unsuited for the design task of ID information systems. The methods employed by systems analysis preserve or reproduce the formal hierarchical structure of managerial organization. Soft systems methodology is explored as a means of confronting the sociopolitical factors present in the specification of information systems for an ID.     

沈阳市郊耕地不同土属交换态钙镁铁锰铜锌含量状况的分析

对沈阳市郊区1994个耕地土壤样本(0cm-20cm)的交换态钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌含量分布的研究结果表明：不同土属交换态钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌含量存在较大差异。碳酸盐草甸土含钙，壤质草甸土含镁，风沙土、水稻土、草甸土含铁，碱化草甸土含锰，菜园土和水稻土含铜，菜园土含锌较高；棕壤含钙，碳酸盐草句土含铁、锰、铜、锌，水稻土含锌普遍较低。造成这种差异的原因既有成土母质、成土过程、土壤质地等结构性因素，又有耕作、施肥和环境污染等随机性因素。比较不同土属交换态营养元素含量，可以更好地对土壤一作物系统的营养元素进行调控，指导中量、微量元素肥料施用。图2，参15。     

我国各地区现代化与工业化、城市化、知识化及经济协调发展的初步研究

工业化、城市化、知识化和现代化是一个地区经济、社会发展的必然过程 .本文以各省区为对象 ,以统计数据为基础 ,用多种统计分析方法 ,从不同的角度探讨了我国各地区现代化与工业化、城市化、知识化及经济发展之间的关系 .东、中、西三大地带各项指标都是由东到西逐渐降低 ,但南北方之间却不协调 :北方社会指标较高 ,南方经济指标相对超前 ;城市化、知识化、现代化随着经济的发展而呈生长曲线提高 ,但它们与工业化之间的关系并不显著 ,以乡镇工业为主导的工业化和再工业化所蕴涵的社会发展动力并没有得到充分发挥.     

复杂脑网络研究进展——结构、功能、计算与应用

对复杂脑网络的研究现状进行综述性介绍。首先回顾复杂网络和脑网络的基本概念,然后分别介绍基于结构性连接、功能性连接、和因效性连接而建立的3种不同类型的脑网络,进一步讨论了关于结构性脑网络和功能性脑网络之间关系的研究,以及基于计算模型的脑网络研究,之后重点介绍复杂脑网络的两个重点应用,即在脑相关疾病和认知神经科学方面的研究现状,最后对脑网络的未来研究方向进行了讨论。     

Information, evolution, and change

The basic premise of this paper is that the ethicality of systems can be improved by placing them on a more solid informational foundation. Information, evolution, and change are seen to be integrally related. An information typology of nonreferential, referential, and state-referential information is proposed to handle the ontological, epistemological, and teleological aspects of systems. These information types have a particular entailment relationship to each other. The typology and entailment ordering are seen as having important consequences for the design of social systems.     

Control,organization, and accounting: A genealogy of modern knowledge-power

Much social scientizing tends to be ahistorical, particularly with regard to its fundamental terms and constructs, which are implicitly defined atemporally as simply “being there,” the givens of discourse. The history of two such terms, “control” and “organization,” is investigated here. In an elaboration of Foucault's idea of power-knowledge relations, a two-stage history of the terms is set out linked to the historical emergence of accounting. In the first stage, the initial invention of the terms in the thirteenth century is aligned with the contemporaneous invention of the doubleentry system, with all these innovations embodying a new power of writing. However the constructs only develop their modern significance as forms of knowledge-power at a much later stage, following the establishment of a “disciplinary” power-knowledge nexus post-1800. Under this interpretation, accounting, control, and organization, far from being ahistorical givens of discourse, are constructs which help establish the modern world of “disciplinary,” that site where the power of expert knowledge must operate.     

关于复杂系统的建模、分析、控制和管理

以人工系统、计算实验、平行执行为讨论基础,以“不断探索和改善”为指导原则,提出具有不可分和不可知特性的复杂系统的建模、分析、控制和管理的理论体系和施行方法。     

Positive-Controllability,Positive-Near-Controllability,and Canonical Forms of Driftless Discrete-Time Bilinear Systems

Controllable canonical forms play important roles in the analysis and design of control systems. In this paper, a fundamental class of discrete-time bilinear systems are considered. Such systems are of interest since, on one hand, they have the most complete controllability theory. On the other hand, they can be nearly-controllable even if controllability fails. Firstly, controllability of the systems with positive control inputs is studied and necessary and sufficient algebraic criteria for positive-controllability and positive-near-controllability are derived. Then, controllable canonical forms and nearly-controllable canonical forms of the systems are presented, respectively, where the corresponding transformation matrices are also explicitly constructed. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the derived controllability criteria and controllable canonical forms.

     

Masculinity, rationality, and family therapy

Contemporary accounts of masculinity have revealed masculine identity to be a fragile achievement. The ‘deconstruction’ of masculinity apparent in Western culture might also be seen in a powerful way in therapy, with the appearance of moments of breakdown in rationality, followed by the gradual articulation of an apparently nonrational position. The particular nature of this position will be as an expression of the ‘semiotic’: a breakthrough of the body into consciousness, an experience of being govened by something outside oneself which is nevertheless representative of the ‘truth’ of one's emotional state. Two illustrations are given of moments in family therapy where masculine assumptions appear to give way to a more confusional and fluid mode of experience.     

Negotiation,Management, and Systems Thinking

The mutual apartness of negotiation, management, and systems thinking and practice is highlighted, and a reflection on a systemic view of negotiation is presented. An overview of negotiation studies is given, as well as practical comments on the pursuit of win-win to achieve the general satisfaction of the parties and lasting relationships; the importance of everybody's participation; different views and facets of negotiation and of conflict; the basic variables of power, time, and information; and the basic points for a methodic negotiation process. Some aspects of negotiation have been selected from the management literature. Systems approaches that could contribute to negotiation and benefit from its findings are recalled, integrated into TSI/ LSI, which seems to offer a conceptual and procedural guide to a systemic view of negotiation as a wheel for management, as suggested in the final section.