Compositional complexity dependence of dislocation density and mechanical properties in high entropy alloy systems

This study focuses on a quantitative analysis of dislocation accumulation after cold plastic deformation and mechanical properties of FeNiCoCrMn and TiNbHfTaZr high entropy alloys (HEAs) which are single phase fcc and bcc solid solutions, respectively. In order to study the role of compositional complexity from unary to quinary compositions on dislocation accumulation and mechanical properties after plastic deformation, the single solid solution phase forming sub-alloys of the two HEAs were investigated. All studied samples revealed a large plastic deformability under cold-rotary swaging process by 85–90% area reduction without intermediate annealing. The dislocation density of all studied samples, determined by Williamson-Hall method on synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns, were between 10¹⁴ - 10¹⁵ m⁻² dependent on the alloy composition. The level of dislocation density after plastic deformation is not only affected by the number of constituent element but the lattice distortion and intrinsic properties in terms of stacking fault energy, modulus misfit, and melting point also impact the dislocation storage. The level of dislocation density determines the level of mechanical properties because of a resistance to dislocation motions. The hardness and yield compressive strength of the studied samples are proportional to the level of dislocation density.     

Mechanical unfolding intermediates in titin modules

The modular protein titin, which is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle, is subjected to stretching forces. Previous work on the experimental elongation of single titin molecules has suggested that force causes consecutive unfolding of each domain in an all-or-none fashion. To avoid problems associated with the heterogeneity of the modular, naturally occurring titin, we engineered single proteins to have multiple copies of single immunoglobulin domains of human cardiac titin. Here we report the elongation of these molecules using the atomic force microscope. We find an abrupt extension of each domain by approximately 7 A before the first unfolding event. This fast initial extension before a full unfolding event produces a reversible 'unfolding intermediate' Steered molecular dynamics simulations show that the rupture of a pair of hydrogen bonds near the amino terminus of the protein domain causes an extension of about 6 A, which is in good agreement with our observations. Disruption of these hydrogen bonds by site-directed mutagenesis eliminates the unfolding intermediate. The unfolding intermediate extends titin domains by approximately 15% of their slack length, and is therefore likely to be an important previously unrecognized component of titin elasticity.     

微梁传感器弹性模量的测试

利用一种静态和两种动态的检测技术,对红外辐射探测微悬臂梁式传感器材料的弹性模量进行了测试研究.在静态检测实验中,利用纳米硬度计直接测出传感器材料的弹性模量;在动态实验中,分别利用谱平面光学滤波法和多普勒测振仪得到微悬臂梁传感器结构的固有频率,再结合数值模拟计算求出传感器的等效弹性模量.通过几种检测结果的分析和比较,获得了更加精确的微梁传感器单元的弹性模量值,为微梁的优化设计和评估提供了可靠的参数.     

Reverse engineering of the giant muscle protein titin

Through the study of single molecules it has become possible to explain the function of many of the complex molecular assemblies found in cells. The protein titin provides muscle with its passive elasticity. Each titin molecule extends over half a sarcomere, and its extensibility has been studied both in situ and at the level of single molecules. These studies suggested that titin is not a simple entropic spring but has a complex structure-dependent elasticity. Here we use protein engineering and single-molecule atomic force microscopy to examine the mechanical components that form the elastic region of human cardiac titin. We show that when these mechanical elements are combined, they explain the macroscopic behaviour of titin in intact muscle. Our studies show the functional reconstitution of a protein from the sum of its parts.     

材料的力学性能模糊分析

用结构总变形对弹性变形的隶属函数和变形对塑性变形的隶属函数，来分别表征结构的弹性变形和塑性变形，采用隶属度来度量材料的弹性和塑性变形，引入模糊数来表征材料的力学性能，并给出了力学性能的模糊概率表达式．     

钢纤维混凝土力学性能试验研究

对钢纤维体积率（Vf）为0～3％、基体强度为C50的钢纤维混凝土（SFRC）进行立方抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弯曲强度、弹性模量和泊松比的测试，试验结果表明：SFRC抗压强度随Vf的增加仅仅有着小幅度的增长，正向立方抗压强度略大于侧向立方抗压强度；轴心抗压强度与立方抗压强度之比值在0．75～0．77之间：钢纤维对SFRC的抗拉、抗弯性能起着明显的增强作用，正向、侧向劈裂抗拉强度比值随Vf的增加而增大；SFRC的弹性模量和泊松比均是不敏感的材料参数，前者随材料抗压强度的提高而缓慢增加，后者随Vf的加大而略有减小．     

Palindromic assembly of the giant muscle protein titin in the sarcomeric Z-disk

The Z-disk of striated and cardiac muscle sarcomeres is one of the most densely packed cellular structures in eukaryotic cells. It provides the architectural framework for assembling and anchoring the largest known muscle filament systems by an extensive network of protein-protein interactions, requiring an extraordinary level of mechanical stability. Here we show, using X-ray crystallography, how the amino terminus of the longest filament component, the giant muscle protein titin, is assembled into an antiparallel (2:1) sandwich complex by the Z-disk ligand telethonin. The pseudosymmetric structure of telethonin mediates a unique palindromic arrangement of two titin filaments, a type of molecular assembly previously found only in protein-DNA complexes. We have confirmed its unique architecture in vivo by protein complementation assays, and in vitro by experiments using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The model proposed may provide a molecular paradigm of how major sarcomeric filaments are crosslinked, anchored and aligned within complex cytoskeletal networks.     

高铝TRIP钢的高温力学性能

利用Gleeble3500试验机研究汽车用C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢的高温力学性能,测定了零塑性温度和零强度温度,应用差示扫描量热法测定其相变区间,采用扫描电镜和光学显微镜分析了不同拉伸温度对应的断口宏观形貌及断口附近组织组成.该钢种零塑性温度和零强度温度分别为1425℃和1430℃,第Ⅰ脆性区间为1400℃~熔点,第Ⅲ脆性区间为800~925℃.第Ⅲ脆性区脆化的原因是α铁素体从γ晶界析出,试样从975℃冷却至700℃过程中,随着α铁素体析出比例的增大,断面收缩率先减小后增大.基体α铁素体比例为8.1%时(850℃),断面收缩率降至28.9%;而拉伸温度在800℃以下时,基体α铁素体比例超过16.7%,断面收缩率回升至38.5%以上.该钢种在1275.6℃时开始析出少量粗大的AlN颗粒,但对钢的热塑性没有影响.     

High-temperature mechanical properties of near-eutectoid steel

The high-temperature mechanical properties of near-eutectoid steel were studied with a Gleeble-1500 simulation machine. Zero strength temperature (ZST), zero ductility temperature (ZDT), hot ductility curves, and strength curves were measured. Two brittle zones and one plastic zone were found in the temperature range from the melting point to 600℃. Embrittlement in zone I is caused by the existence of liquid film along dendritic interfaces. Ductility loss in zone III mainly results from precipitates and inclusions as well as S segregation along grain boundaries. Pearlite transformation also accounts for ductility deterioration in the temperature range of 700–600℃. Moreover, the straightening temperature of the test steel should be higher than 925℃ for avoiding the initiation and propagation of surface cracks in billets.     

固化淤泥土的力学特性试验研究

淤泥土具有高含水率,高压缩性,强度低等特点,工程建设中容易产生不均匀沉降等危险。为改善淤泥类土的力学性质,实现淤泥资源利用,选取工业矿渣为固化材料,以硅酸钠和氯化钙为激发剂,对淤泥土进行改良。通过开展无侧限抗压试验,分析矿渣、硅酸钠、氯化钙掺量和龄期变化对试样力学性能的影响。结果表明：矿渣在激发剂的作用下能显著提高淤泥土的强度,其强度随矿渣掺量近似呈线性增长的趋势。硅酸钠对矿渣的激发效果明显优于氯化钙,其临界掺量为9%;氯化钙对强度并无明显增长,甚至表现出负面效应。基于试验数据建立固化淤泥土强度预测模型,可以对固化淤泥土的无侧限抗压强度进行准确预测。研究成果为矿渣固化淤泥土的工程应用提供试验基础。     

化学腐蚀作用下围岩的动态力学性能

基于深部地下工程多场耦合的环境特点,配制了不同离子、不同pH的化学溶液,并于不同工程现场取灰质石灰岩、粉质砂岩、浅红石灰岩等围岩试样置于不同化学溶液中养护,然后采用霍普金森压杆实验系统(SHPB)进行动态压缩实验,分析化学腐蚀以及化学腐蚀-温度耦合、化学腐蚀-损伤耦合作用对岩石动态性能的影响及其机制。结果表明:化学腐蚀作用下围岩的动态强度下降,经中性盐溶液腐蚀后,灰质石灰岩、浅红石灰岩、粉质砂岩的强度分别下降了25.8%、54%和79.5%; 且随着溶液pH的降低,化学腐蚀效果越明显; 化学腐蚀-温度耦合以及化学腐蚀-损伤耦合的存在,使岩样的动态强度下降加剧。     

泡沫金属的力学性能研究综述

详细综述了泡沫金属的拉伸、压缩、能显吸收、应变率敏感性等力学性能，以及孔径、基体材料、温度、微观结构缺陷对其力学性质的影响，从而为泡沫金属的进一步的研究、开发与应用提供理论基础。     

湿热作用对聚氨酯材料力学性能影响的研究

利用SDH—401型高低温恒湿箱对聚氨酯弹性体进行了7 d的实验。选取Ⅱ型哑铃状标准件利用W-WDW-20型非金属材料万能试验机进行了大变形拉伸试验。研究了聚氨酯弹性体材料在不同的试验周期下拉伸力学行为,得到了未湿热老化和不同试验周期共八组材料的拉伸应力-应变关系曲线和聚氨酯弹性体材料各力学性能指标。由此分析了随着试验周期的不同湿热作用对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能影响及其老化率随湿热作用的变化规律。结果表明,湿热作用对材料的弹性模量,屈服强度,定伸应力与断裂伸长率等力学性能及其老化率有显著的影响,随着试验周期的增长材料的这些力学指标下降明显。     

二灰黄土力学性能试验

为了给二灰黄土在道路工程中的广泛应用提供理论参考,进行了二灰黄土三轴剪切和直接剪切试验,分析了二灰黄土的力学性能。通过三轴剪切试验测得不同围压下二灰黄土的应力-应变曲线、峰值强度、残余强度、弹性模量和抗剪强度等力学指标;通过直接剪切试验测得不同含水质量分数、不同压实度下二灰黄土的凝聚力和内摩擦角。研究结果表明:二灰黄土峰值强度、残余强度和峰值应变与围压基本上呈直线关系,其破坏过程可以用损伤的概念来解释;凝聚力和内摩擦角与压实度呈线性增长关系;凝聚力与含水质量分数呈非线性关系;内摩擦角与含水质量分数呈线性降低关系。     

麻织物力学性能探讨

麻纤维是世界上最早被人类所使用的天然纤维,在耐用、保健以及舒适性能等方面具有其他纤维难以比拟的优势。论文选取亚麻、苎麻、罗布麻、棉及混纺织物进行对比研究,分析了麻织物的拉伸、撕破、顶破、耐磨等力学性能,得出了几种不同麻织物的力学性能,为更好地开发不同麻类纺织品提供了理论依据。     

粘土-水泥复合材料的制备和力学性能

采用含有石英和长石成分的粘土,制备了粘土和水泥（5 wt%、7 wt%、9wt%）的新型复合材料。研究了其阿太堡界限、击实密度和最佳含水量、无侧限抗压强度(UCS)和水渗透系数。结果表明,含5 wt %水泥的复合材料被认为最适合某些建筑材料的应用,塑性指数为10.5%,最大干密度2.17 g/cm3和MP压实的最佳含水量为8% (浸润下没有发生膨胀),UCS为0.74 MPa,渗透系数低至7.4×10-11m/s。该复合材料可应用于建筑砖块、路基和路基施工。     

增强改性聚丙烯力学性能的研究

通过在聚丙烯（ＰＰ）中加入玻璃纤维增强剂和乙，丙二烯烃共聚物（ＥＰＤＭ）增韧剂，对添加剂的不同含量所产生力学性能的影响进行了研究，结果表明，加入适量的添加剂后能达到综合性能良好的改性ＰＰ。     

Mg-Al-RE系镁合金组织与性能

通过铸造和挤压变形工艺,研究了AE(Mg-Al-RE)系合金的显微组织及稀土和铝含量的变化对AE系合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:AE系合金的铸态显微组织由α-Mg基体相和沿晶界分布的Al.4RE,Mg17Al12相组成.随着稀土含量的增加,Mg17Al12相逐渐消失,Al4RE相的体积分数增加,并逐渐沿晶界处形成连续网状结构.挤压实验结果显示:AE系合金具有良好的形交加工性能,挤压后合金的强度和塑性均比铸态合金大幅度提高.稀土元素的加入对合金形变过程中的动态再结晶有一定的抑制作用.在AE系稀土镁合金中增加Al含量,可以使合金的综合力学性能上升到一个较高的水平.     

Mg-Sm系合金的显微组织及力学性能

研究了Mg-(1%～3%)Sm(质量分数)合金在多种状态下的显微组织和力学性能.采用光学金相分析(OM),扫描电子显微分析(SEM),X射线衍射分析(XRD)等多种分析和测试手段,系统研究了挤压工艺及热处理(固溶处理、时效处理)对Mg-Sm系合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果显示,合金的铸态组织由a-Mg基体和Mg41Sm5组成.合金经热挤压加工后,Mg41Sm5相沿挤压方向呈纤维或颗粒状分布.在420℃挤压时,试样内发生了动态再结晶,致使挤压后合金的强度和塑性得到大幅度改善.固溶以及时效处理后,合金的性能比铸态有较大提高;而采用挤压后的直接时效(T5)处理,可获得良好的综合力学性能.因此,Sm可以考虑作为强化变形镁合金的添加元素.     

厚层橡胶隔震支座基本力学性能试验

为了研究厚层橡胶隔震支座的水平和竖向基本力学性能,设计2种不同形状系数的厚层橡胶支座,通过水平剪切和竖向压缩试验研究,对比分析在不同振幅、不同频率组合下的普遍橡胶支座、铅芯橡胶支座及厚层橡胶隔震支座基本力学性能.试验结果表明,厚层橡胶隔震支座在水平方向的基本力学性能良好,在竖向具有大变形能力,竖向刚度、变形特性及水平剪...