Effect of Added Poly （vinyl pyrrolidone） during Condensation on Properties of Poly（p-phenylene terephthalamide）Pulp

Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) pulp was prepared by polycondensation of the p-phenylene diamine (PPDA) with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) in the completely anhydrous solvent system of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) having calcium chloride, in the presence of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) having a viscosity average molecular weight lower than 40 000. It was confirmed that the polycondensation could be accelerated, the inherent viscosity of the polymer could be increased, and the polymers could be fibrillated more easily by the addition of the PVP. FTIR and X-ray spectra proved that PVP had not combined into molecular chains of the resultant PPTA pulps. The morphology of the resultant pulps, the effect of viscosity average molecular weight, amount and adding mode of PVP on inherent viscosity, specific surface area,and mean length of the resultant pulps were discussed in detail. And the friction and wear properties of the compound reinforced by the resultant pulps were simply investigated.     

改性PPTA四元共缩聚聚合体的制备与性能研究

本文主要对改性PPTA(聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)四元共聚作了研究,探索了四元共缩聚反应时单体的最佳配比,并对共聚体的结构与性能进行了分析。实验结果表明引入较少量的第三、第四单体所得四元共聚体不仅基本保持了PPTA原有的优良性能:耐热性与PPTA相近,溶解性能优于PPTA。而且作为改性引入的第三、第四单体用量比较少,从而降低了成本。     

芳香共聚酰胺在浓硫酸中的稳定性

用４，４＇－二氨基二苯醚作为第三单体与对苯二甲酰氯、对苯二胺共缩聚得到共聚酰胺，并对它在浓硫酸中的稳定性进行了研究。研究了降解动力学，得到了共聚酰胺在不同温度、第三单体不同含量、不同序列结构以及硫酸不同浓度下的降解规律。结果表明，降解过程共聚物的对数比浓粘度的倒数与降解时间成线性关系，在较低温度、较低第三单体含量、分子含有较长ＰＰＴＡ链段以及硫酸浓度接近１００％时，共聚酰胺在浓硫酸中的稳定性最好。     

P(BS-CL)的合成与降解性能研究

该实验先合成端羟基聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS),然后在催化剂的作用下使ε-己内酯开环,再与预先合成的端羟基PBS反应,通过改变BS与ε-己内酯的配比,合成系列PBS与ε-己内酯的无规共聚物.利用1H-NMR、FT-IR、特性粘数测定,吸水率和水降解测试等方法对共聚物的组成结构和降解性能进行研究.通过1H-NMR、FT-IR确认了产物为预期产物;通过对不同配比样品的特性粘数进行测试,表明当BS∶CL为8∶2时,样品的特性粘数最大;样品的吸水率和水降解测试说明随着CL组分的增加,共聚物的吸水性和失重率得到了提高.     

添加剂存在下PE—g—MAH的合成及其流变行为

在自由基引发剂的存在下合成了聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐共聚物,研究了添加剂的种类,、用量对接枝反应的影响,并用反细管流变仪研究了接枝聚合物的流变行为,讨论了剪切速率、温度等对其流变性能的影响,结果表明：体系属于假塑性流体,合成过程中少量己内酰胺的加入,可以明显降低体系的表观精度,提高ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ的流动性能。     

PPTA/尼龙-1010分子复合材料热行为与力学性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制得了 Ｐ Ｐ Ｔ Ａ／ 尼龙－ １０１０ 分子复合材料,并对其熔融特性、拉伸性能作了测试。结果发现由于 Ｐ Ｐ Ｔ Ａ 的加入,可以提高尼龙－ １０１０ 熔点和结晶温度,提高尼龙－ １０１０ 的拉伸强度和模量,并对 Ｐ Ｐ Ｔ Ａ 增强尼龙－ １０１０ 的机理进行了初探。     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺的合成

采用紫外分光光度法和胶体滴定法测定二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DADM AC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)聚合过程中两单体的转化率,探讨了单体总质量分数、单体加料方式和引发剂用量等因素对单体转化率以及共聚物特性粘数[η]和阳离子度的影响.结果表明:当单体总质量分数为20%时,DADM AC单体的转化率最高;分批添加AM时,DADM AC的转化率提高,AM的转化率减小,共聚物的特性粘数上升;补加AM的同时添加引发剂,可将DADM AC的转化率提高15%,AM的转化率可达90%以上;引发剂用量增加,共聚物的阳离子度增大,但特性粘数下降.     

稠油油溶性降粘剂的合成与分析

分析油溶性降粘剂的降粘机理,研究不同单体(丙烯酸十八酯、苯乙烯、马来酸酐)对降粘效果的影响,并通过控制单体比例,设计并合成多种三元共聚物型油溶性降粘剂.测试结果表明：当单体比例不同时,效果差距明显;当单体比例为6∶2∶1时,可以得到效果较好的产品;当降粘剂浓度在0.01%时,降粘率达到40%以上,并在较长的一段时间内效果稳定.     

芳香族聚酰胺（PPTA）纤维弯曲疲劳的形变和断裂机理

普通PPTA纤维和改性PPTA纤维具有近似的应力应变的曲线,但后者的弯曲疲劳寿命比前者要长的多。在SEM下观察了弯曲疲劳过程的形态变化,发现该过程主要是结构沿纤维长度分裂即原纤化过程。改性PPTA纤维对原纤化的阻抗显著地大于普通PPTA纤维。粉碎降解和低温断裂的结果也得出类似结果。表明大分子间结合力在PPTA纤维弯曲疲劳中起很重要的作用。弯曲疲劳作用被归结为对材料拉伸和压缩的复合作用。拉伸PPTA纤维的动态观察得出,拉伸或压缩纤维将出现剪切带或滑移带,它们引发纤维原纤间的分离。剪切屈服是其主要形变机制。PPTA纤维弯曲疲劳过程如下：重复弯曲引起材料局部区域的剪切屈服,出现剪切带,并随之发生结构分裂,纤维广泛地原纤化,最后原纤和原纤束相继破坏,纤维最终断裂。     

含氮杂环聚芳醚砜酮羟基化改性及性能

以 Na BH4 为还原剂对含有二氮杂萘酮结构的聚芳醚砜酮 ( PPESK)进行羟基化改性 ,并用 FT-IR和 1H-NMR对还原后的聚芳醚砜酮 ( PPESK— OH)的结构进行表征 .通过测定玻璃化转变温度 ( Tg)、水接触角和溶解性 ,研究还原后聚合物的性能变化 .结果表明 ,随还原程度加深 ,PPESK— OH的 Tg逐渐升高 ,由 52 9.6K升至 571 .3 K,耐热性能有所改善 ;亲水性能增强 ,当还原率为 54.8%时 PPESK— OH的水接触角为 52 .6°;PPESK还原前后的溶解性能有很大变化     

Pyrolysis Process in Aramid Fibers Investigated by Py-GC/MS & TGA-DTA/MS

Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamine) (PMIA) and Poly( p-phenylene terphthalamine) (PPTA) are among the most important high-temperature resistant aramid fibers. The pyrolysis behaviors of these two fibers under inert gases were studied using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry ( TGA-DTA/MS ). The pyrolysis processes of PMIA and PPTA are distinguishing, and the stepwise pyrolysates reflect these differences. A mechanism system of pyrolysis is suggested, which involving hydrolysis and homolysis. At low pyrolysis temperatures, hydrolysis is a primary reaction, and it is very noticeable in the first-step pyrolysis region of PMIA. Elevating pyrolysis temperature, homolysis is enhanced and keep a large advantage in the high temperature range. On the other hand, at higher temperatures, carbonization appens and the homolysis and carbonization of PPTA are emphasized more than of PMIA.     

不同软段长度聚醚酯弹性体PEGT/PBT的合成与表征

用熔融缩聚法合成一系列基于聚乙二醇对苯二甲酸酯（PEGT）/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）的聚醚酯热塑性弹性体，以NMR，IR，DSC及力学性能测试等方法表征材料的结构及性能，讨论相同硬段长度下，不同软段长度对材料性能的影响，结果表明，随组分中段长度增加，其质量分数升高，软，硬段相分离趋势增强，软段熔点及结晶度增加而玻璃化转变温度降低，相反，硬段玻璃化转变温度及熔点则分别保持在326K及459K附近基本不变，其结晶度则随硬段含量降低而降低，材料弹性模量，抗拉强度，屈服应力降低，而断裂延伸率增加。     

N-苯基顺丁烯二酰亚胺与苯乙烯的共聚

以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,合成了一系列N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPI)与苯乙烯(S)共聚物.分析其共聚反应历程,探讨了时间、单体配比等因素对聚合反应的影响.测定了相应共聚物的特性粘数与玻璃化转变温度.结果表明:该聚合反应主要是交替共聚反应,且共聚反应速度大于N-苯基马来酰亚胺的均聚反应速度;共聚物的特性粘数随转化率的增加而降低,反应物摩尔分数的改变基本不影响共聚物的玻璃化转变温度.     

A STUDY OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF POLY(1,4 PHENYLEN TEREPHATHALAMIDE) (PPTA) PULP

The morphology of PPTA pulp is investigated by means of optical microscope and scanningelectron microscope (SEM). It shows that PPTA pulp has feather-like branch, needle point-likeend, and irregular cross-section, which are very important for PPTA pulp as a reinforcer. Theseparation limitation of PPTA pulp is also investigated from both torn and brittle break cross-sec-tion. A packing mechanism is proposed to illustrate the microfibril packing in the gel system.     

Surface modification of poly-(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-phenylene terephthalamide) pulp with a silane containing isocyanate group for silicone composites reinforcement

A silane containing isocynate groups (3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl cyanic acid ester, NCO) associated with hexamethyldisilazane (HDMS) is used to modify the surface of poly-(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) pulps. As concerns surface chemistry, Attenuated Total Reflection Flourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm that NCO associated with HDMS silylated PPTA pulp surface successfully. While the modified PPTA pulps are used as reinforcing fillers for silicone composites, the dispersibility and storage stability of the composites are improved as Mooney testing indicated. The silicone composites filled with modified PPTA pulps present a higher tensile strength and much higher broken elongation (3.30 MPa and 166.54%) than that with unmodified pulps (3.08 MPa and 68.47%), respectively.     

Surface Modification of Poly-(p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Pulp with a Silane Containing Isocyanate Group for Silicone Composites Reinforcement

A silane containing isocynate groups(3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl cyanic acid ester,NCO) associated with hexamethyldisilazane(HDMS) is used to modify the surface of poly-(p-phenylene terephthalamide)(PPTA) pulps. As concerns surface chemistry,Attenuated Total Reflection Flourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy(ATR FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) confirm that NCO associated with HDMS silylated PPTA pulp surface successfully. While the modified PPTA pulps are used as reinforcing fillers for silicone composites,the dispersibility and storage stability of the composites are improved as Mooney testing indicated. The silicone composites filled with modified PPTA pulps present a higher tensile strength and much higher broken elongation(3.30 MPa and 166.54%) than that with unmodified pulps(3.08 MPa and 68.47%),respectively.     

剪切速率对直接法制备芳纶浆粕缩聚反应影响的研究

研究了剪切速率对低温溶液直接缩聚法制备聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺浆粕(芳纶浆粕，PPTAPulp)缩聚反应过程的影响。利用PPTA刚性分子发生逐步缩聚反应的缩聚模型，解释了在缩聚反应过程中，分子链的取向是提高PPTA相对分子质量的必要条件。实验结果表明，提高剪切速率有利于PPTA分子沿流动方向取向，从而提高缩聚反应速率以及芳纶浆粕的相对分子质量，同时还有利于提高浆粕的长径比(L／D)。     

丙烯酰胺共聚物与表面活性剂复配体系研究

利用锥板粘度计和旋滴界面表张力仪研究了丙烯酰胺 ( AM) - N-乙烯基 - 2 -吡咯烷酮 ( VP) - 2 -丙烯酰胺基 - 2 -甲基丙磺酸 ( AMPS) ( AM- VP- AMPS)共聚物水溶液与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠 ( C18H2 9Na O3 S)及中性表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚 ( OP- 1 0 )的相互作用以及该复配体系与原油之间界面张力 .研究结果表明 :AM- VP- AMPS共聚物水溶液与表面活性剂复配会降低水相 /油相界面张力 ,阴离子表面活性剂 ( C18H2 9Na O3 S)会引起共聚物水溶液表观粘度的下降 ,而中性表面活性剂 ( OP- 1 0 )对共聚物水溶液表观粘度影响不大     

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE BENDING FATIGUE OF MODIFIED PPTA FIBRE

PPTA fibres have high axial tensile strength,but the transverse links at the macromolecularlevel of the fibres are low.The high orientation and crystallization of the PPTA fibres leads to alow resistance to bending fatigue.A comparative study on fatigue behaviour of PPTA fibres and modified PPTA fibres weremade by rotating fibre over a pin.The resistant properties of the PPTA fibre to the bending fa-tigue are low,but can be improved by modification.The morphological differences of the deformation processes of the PPTA fibres and modi-fied PPTA fibres as they are tensioned in a monofilament from after being knotted are shown.The properties of resistance to bending fatigue of the different PPTA fibres can be evaluatedby comparing the morphologies of the tensile broken ends of these fibres after knotting.     

疏水缔合共聚物的合成及溶液性质

 采用自由基胶束聚合法成功制备了丙烯酰胺(AM)/甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)/2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸(AMPS)三元疏水缔合共聚物(HAPAM).考查了引发温度、单体质量分数、表面活性剂含量、疏水单体含量、单体配比以及引发剂浓度对共聚物表观黏度的影响,在聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)大分子主链上引入阴离子基团和疏水基团后,阴离子的电黏效应与疏水基团的疏水缔合作用相互协同,使得共聚物水溶液的黏度明显提高.利用FTIR光谱对共聚物结构进行表征,用RF-5301型荧光分光光度仪研究证实了共聚物在水溶液中的缔合行为.采用Brukerfiled流变仪对所合成的疏水缔合共聚物水溶液的流变行为进行研究.