基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术原位再生活性炭

以吸附处理染料生化废水的饱和活性炭为研究对象,采用活化过硫酸氢钾(PMS)和过硫酸钠(SPS)的方法再生活性炭.分别考察了活化方式、氧化剂用量、pH值、再生时间、温度对再生活性炭吸附效果的影响,以再生前后活性炭吸附对废水COD,TOC和UV254值降低率的比值来计算再生效率.结果表明,热活化与其他活化方法相比,再生效果更好;当氧化剂质量分数为100%、活化温度为100℃、再生时间为60min时,活性炭经活化PMS和SPS再生后的再生效率(以COD值降低率计算)分别为53.90%和55.98%.表面基团测定、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,再生活性炭与原活性炭性质相近,恢复程度较高,与吸附试验结果对应.     

气提-光催化组合工艺再生饱和吸附甲苯的活性炭

以饱和吸附甲苯的活性炭为实验对象,利用气提-光催化组合工艺对其进行再生,探究其再生活性炭的最佳工艺条件.考察了光催化反应装置级数、催化剂与活性炭的质量比、气体流量、活性炭投加量、再生次数等对再生过程中甲苯去除率及活性炭再生率的影响.结果表明:在催化剂与活性炭的质量比为0.4,气体流速为3.5 m~3/h,活性炭的投加量为50 g时,采用二级串联气相光催化方式下反应50 min,甲苯去除率为87.11%,活性炭再生率达到82.06%.证明了该组合工艺能够对饱和吸附甲苯的活性炭进行有效的光催化再生.     

生物活性炭去除垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物

对比SBR和生物活性炭(biological activated carbon,BAC)处理垃圾渗滤液效果,COD去除率分别稳定在10%和25%左右,表明BAC可以去除部分难降解有机物.原位测定SBR和BAC反应器1个运行周期生物降解有机物二氧化碳(CO2)产生量分别为109和306mg,BAC比SBR生物分解有机物量多,表明BAC可以生物分解部分难降解有机物.采用Freundlich方程拟合新活性炭,生物再生活性炭和吸附饱和活性炭的吸附等温线,1/n值分别为2.56,2.94和19.05,表明新活性炭吸附能力最强,生物再生活性炭次之,吸附饱和活性炭最差,生物再生使活性炭的吸附能力得到较好的恢复,证明了生物再生现象的存在.进一步分析认为吸附延长了有机物在反应器内的停留时间,提高了生物分解量.生物再生是BAC去除难降解有机物的本质原因.     

Cu担载量对Cu/ACF吸附-催化氧化苯酚性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法成功制备了活性炭纤维负载铜(Cu/ACF)催化剂,运用XRD、ICP-AES、XPS、TG-MS以及N_2吸附等方法对Cu/ACF吸附-催化剂进行表征,并探讨了催化剂中Cu担载量对苯酚催化氧化的影响.结果表明:ACF自身没有催化氧化苯酚的活性;Cu担载量分别为1%和3%的Cu/ACF在苯酚吸附饱和后的催化氧化过程中,氧化产物以某种中间化合物形态残留在催化剂表面,随着温度的升高最终将与炭纤维一起烧蚀;Cu担载量为5%的Cu/ACF所吸附的苯酚可被氧化成CO-_2和H_2O,初始氧化温度为315℃,5次循环吸附-催化氧化后苯酚吸附量趋于稳定,表现出良好的稳定性.     

吸附有机气体饱和废活性炭热再生的实验效果

采用热处理方法对多次再生饱和废活性炭进行再生处理,研究确定温度800℃、保温时间60 min为吸附有机气体饱和废活性炭热再生最佳条件.此条件下,再生活性炭碘吸附值为329.69 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为83.95 mg/g,与新活性炭相比,碘吸附性能和亚甲基蓝吸附性能恢复率分别为70.03%和68.83%.通过对再生活性炭表征,探讨了热再生过程活性炭结构及性能变化.红外表征显示经热再生处理,活性炭C=C基团和C—O基团消失,表明吸附质成功实现脱附;XRD和孔隙分析则表明热再生处理能改善活性炭的石墨化程度,被吸附质覆盖、堵塞或填充的微孔会被释放还原,增加微孔数量和比例,再生后活性炭平均孔径由6.85 nm降低至2.26 nm、比表面积由520.67 m~2/g提高到1143.43 m~2/g、孔容由0.21 cm~3/g增加到0.39 cm~3/g,吸附性能得到很大改善.     

臭氧/活性炭高级氧化法对石化行业反渗透浓水处理效果的研究

根据某石油炼化企业的污水回用装置反渗透单元浓水难以进一步生化处理的特点,用臭氧/活性炭法进行高级氧化处理。本文首先对活性炭进行吸附饱和试验,使其达到吸附/解附的动态平衡状态,以消除由于活性炭吸附作用对后续试验结果造成的干扰;在此基础上,考察臭氧/活性炭体系中其它因素对反渗透浓水COD去除效果的影响。研究发现,随着O_3通入时间的增加,反渗透浓水COD的去除率逐渐增大,当反应时间为2h时,COD的去除率达50%以上;同时,COD的去除率随着浓水COD的增加整体呈上升趋势;通过深入分析,发现随着反应时间的增大,单位COD消耗臭氧也逐渐增加,在反应后期COD的去除较难进行;综合考虑以上各试验结果,确定了臭氧/活性炭处理反渗透浓水的最佳工艺参数:O_3=5.5mg/L,反应时间为2h。     

吸附苯胺饱和颗粒活性炭生物再生特性研究

采用分批培养法,对吸附苯胺饱和颗粒活性炭进行了生物再生,考查了其生物再生特性.结果表明:生物再生速率与微生物生长状况和初始生物量有关.微生物适应期,再生效率快速增长,以水的解吸作用为主.微生物对数生长期,再生效率下降,主要是由于降解速率慢的有机中间产物被活性炭吸附.微生物稳定期,再生效率缓慢上升,主要是由苯胺及其降解速率慢的中间产物的解吸速率慢造成的.增加初始生物量可以提高生物再生速率.再生过程中,表观苯胺的降解和矿化基本同步,中间产物处于吸附-解吸动态平衡.饱和苯胺活性炭在生物再生中,可以解除高浓度苯胺对微生物的抑制作用,从而提高苯胺的生物降解速率.再生平衡时再生效率与初始生物量和微生物生长状况无关,受苯胺及其中间产物的解吸速率控制.5次吸附饱和-再生平衡循环的再生效率稳定在80%以上.     

玉米秸秆活性炭去除废水COD的研究

在室内模拟条件下研究了废水pH值、温度、活性炭粒径大小、固液比以及吸附时间等因素对玉米秸秆活性炭去除废水COD的影响.结果表明：在试验设定的条件下,废水为中性时有利于活性炭对COD的吸附,且活性炭粒径越小,环境温度越高,吸附时间越长,固液比值越大,废水COD的去除率越高.玉米秸秆活性炭去除废水COD的最佳条件为：废水pH值为7.0,温度为30℃,活性炭粒径为120目,固液比为2 g/100 mL,振荡吸附时间为60 min时,COD的去除率为78.4％.     

介孔硅酸钙的合成及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以硝酸钙和硅酸钠为原料、十二烷基磺酸钠为模板剂,通过共沉淀法制备了介孔硅酸钙;采用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和孔容与比表面积分析仪(BET)等对其结构和形貌进行了表征;考察了其对含Pb2+模拟重金属废水的吸附及解吸再生性能.结果表明,合成的硅酸钙具有介孔结构,为狭缝孔,孔径介于4-50 nm,比表面积为250.12 m2·g-1;在298 K下,介孔硅酸钙对Pb2+的饱和吸附量为613.42 mg·g-1,远比比表面积为847.47 mg·g-1的活性炭大;吸附反应为吸热反应,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型;经5次洗脱再生后,介孔硅酸钙对Pb2+的饱和吸附量和去除率仅分别降低37.64 mg·g-1和5.88%,表明其具有较好的吸附/再生性能.     

炼化废水再生过程微量有机物的去除研究

炼化废水再生过程采用臭氧部分氧化和生物活性炭工艺去除微量有机物 ,总出水的水质优良 ,可回用到多种领域 .研究表明 ,臭氧的投加量为 10～ 2 0mg·L-1时可起到部分氧化的作用 ;连续实验表明 ,每克活性炭的CODCr吸附容量达到了 5 36 .37mg ,使用周期提高了一倍以上 ,每千克活性炭的处理水量至少可达 15m3 .生产上可用A2 54和CODCr作为运行的控制指标     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~