小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离培养

目的探讨小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)的分离与培养。方法取BALB/c小鼠胚胎分离成纤维细胞,利用体外培养体系,对MEF的生长形态进行观察,并对传代细胞培养液、胚胎胎龄、胰蛋白酶浓度进行筛选。结果 MEF在体外为贴壁生长型细胞,第三、四、五代细胞纯度较高且增殖最为旺盛;添加血清的M199和DMEM均能较好的满足原代细胞的生长,两种培养液中细胞增殖的速度无明显差异;11.5～16.5d胎龄的小鼠胎儿MEF分离效果最好;0.1%胰蛋白酶消化MEF时间以8～11min为宜。结论通过对MEF分离培养影响因素的筛选,为MEF的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

胚胎大鼠肺成纤维细胞的体外培养

目的:探讨胚胎大鼠肺成纤维细胞的体外培养条件.方法:采用胶原酶消化19d胎鼠肺组织块,经差速离心和反复贴壁法,分离、纯化肺成纤维细胞后采用加胎牛血清的DMEM培养液,进行细胞培养.用波形蛋白免疫细胞化学染色对所分离的细胞进行鉴定.结果:细胞培养24h后有一定量细胞贴壁,48h后贴壁细胞开始生长.结论:该实验方法可以成功地培养大鼠胚胎肺成纤维细胞.     

昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离与体外培养

研究了昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离、培养和生长特征,建立了快速、稳定的优质饲养层细胞培养体系.从不同日龄的胎鼠均分离到胚胎成纤维细胞,但最佳分离时间为13.5~14.5d;三种分离原代胚胎成纤维细胞的方法中胰酶消化法效果最好,能在较短的周期内获得大量原代及传代细胞;MEF细胞形态以小梭形为主,呈漩涡状、火焰状生长;增殖速度较快,每1~2d可传一代,按1∶3比例常规传代;5代以内适宜制作饲养层用,5代以后细胞开始变形呈现典型的衰老特征.     

血管组织工程内皮细胞分离培养新方法

建立一种简单高效的血管组织工程内皮细胞分离培养方法.无菌分离大鼠主动脉,剪成约5 mm×2 mm的组织块,内膜朝下平铺于含Ⅰ型胶原酶的细胞培养皿中消化30 min,收集内皮细胞;其后,取出组织块继续内膜朝下置于另一培养皿中贴壁培养,直至细胞爬出并融合成单层.观察细胞形态,并分别对两种方式获得的传至第5代的细胞进行Ⅷ因子...     

缺氧和高糖对大鼠肾成纤维细胞VEGF和PEDF表达的影响

探讨了缺氧对不同浓度葡萄糖培养的肾成纤维细胞(NRK细胞)血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)与色素上皮衍生因子(pigment epithelium derived factor,PEDF)表达和变化情况.将NRK细胞分为:正常组(5.6mmol/L葡萄糖)、高糖A组(15mmol/L葡萄糖)、高糖B组(30mmol/L葡萄糖)、缺氧对照组(100μmmol/LCOCl2)、缺氧A组(100μmmol/LCOCl2+15mmol/L葡萄糖)、缺氧B组(100μmmol/LCOCl2+ 30mmol/L葡萄糖).采用半定量RT-PCR方法及ELISA法测定24h、48h后NRK细胞VEGF与PEDF mRNA及蛋白的表达及其变化情况.与正常对照组相比,不同浓度葡萄糖培养的NRK细胞在缺氧条件下VEGF蛋白含量明显升高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),VEGF mRNA表达升高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),并呈剂量依赖性;随着缺氧时间的延长,各组NRK细胞的VEGF蛋白含量呈上升趋势(P＜0.01),VEGF mRNA表达亦升高(P＜0.05).与正常对照组相比,各组NRK细胞的PEDF蛋白含量明显下降(P＜0.01),PEDF mRNA表达下降(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),并呈剂量依赖性;随着缺氧时间的延长,各组NRK细胞的PEDF蛋白含量呈下降趋势(P＜0.01),PEDF mRNA表达亦下降(P＜0.01).缺氧加重高糖培养的大鼠肾成纤维细胞VEGF与PEDF的表达失衡,从而探讨了缺氧在糖尿病肾病(DN)的发病中起到的作用.     

培养方法及胎牛血清浓度对人胎儿成纤维细胞体外生长的影响

采用单细胞培养法和组织块培养法从原代培养人胎儿成纤维细胞,并在不同体积分数胎牛血清(FBS)(0%、4%、8%、10%、12%)的条件下观察人胎儿成纤维细胞培养的状况并采用台盼蓝染色法进行活细胞计数.结果表明,早期由组织块培养法原代培养获取的细胞形态要比单细胞培养法原代培养获取的细胞稍好些,且在细胞传代后极少出现无法贴壁的死细胞.FBS对hFFs生长影响比较明显.在实际应用中,在体积分数8%FBS下,采用组织块培养法进行人胎儿成纤维细胞体外培养,效果良好.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对无血清培养大鼠生长板软骨细胞的影响

目的：探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）用于无血清培养扩增软骨细胞的可行性及最适质量浓度。方法：分离、培养大鼠肋生长板软骨细胞（rat costochondral growth plate chondrocyte,RGC）。细胞化学和免疫细胞化学染色的方法检测第1代RGC中蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原的表达。观察0．1、1．0、10．0和100．0μg/L bFGF对无血清培养RGC形态的影响,并分别用^3H—TdR和^3H—Proline掺入法检测上述质量浓度bFGF对无血清培养RGC增殖和胶原合成的影响。结果：第1代RGC表达蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原,保持了软骨细胞的分化表型。随着bFGF质量浓度的增加RGC的形态由多角形变为梭形和圆形。与无血清对照组相比,上述4个质量浓度的bFGF均显著促进RGC的增殖和胶原合成（P〈0．05）,其中1．0和10．0μg／L bFGF促RGC增殖的作用与10％胎牛血清（FBS）对照组差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）,但促胶原合成作用较弱,相当于10％FBS对照组的印％左右（P〈0．05）。结论：bFGF可用于无血清扩增软骨细胞,1．0～10．0μg/L是适宜的质量浓度范围,但其促胶原合成作用较弱,还需添加其他因子以弥补促胶原合成作用的不足。     

灌注速率对成纤维细胞在三维支架中生长和胶原合成的影响

为了降低工程化组织体外构建过程中的传质限制,采用自行研制的灌注生物反应器系统,以人皮肤成纤维细胞为模型细胞,以PET(Poly(ethylene terephthalate))为三维支架,构建工程化真皮组织,考察灌注速率对成纤维细胞生长和胞外基质合成的影响。将人皮肤成纤维细胞灌注接种于PET支架,分别以0.02、0.2、0.8 cm/min的灌注速率培养18 d。结果表明,灌注培养能促进细胞增殖,提高细胞在3D支架中均匀分布;与静态培养和0.02 cm/min的灌注速率相比,在0.2 cm/min和0.8 cm/min的灌注速率下进行培养,提高了细胞的葡萄糖比消耗速率,刺激细胞合成和分泌更多的胶原基质,但增加了流失到培养液中胶原的比例,灌注培养是体外构建工程化真皮组织的有效方法。     

心脉隆胶囊对原代大鼠血管平滑肌细胞形态损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)的原代培养方法及观察心脉隆胶囊(XMLJ)对由H2O2诱导VSMCs细胞形态损伤的保护作用。方法:采用组织贴块法培养原代大鼠VSMCs,继而用62.5μmol.L-1H2O2损伤细胞,通过HE染色观察XMLJ对VSMCs形态损伤的保护作用。结果:200μg.mL-1的XMLJ对过氧应激造成的VSMCs形态损伤,具有明显的保护作用,细胞形态接近于正常组VSMCs。结论:组织贴块法培养大鼠VSMCs方便简单,XMLJ对H2O2诱导的VSMCs细胞形态损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

成纤维细胞和ES细胞在小鼠和兔去核卵母细胞内发育

以昆明白小鼠成纤维细胞和胚胎干（ES）细胞作为供核细胞,以昆明白小鼠和日本大耳白兔的MⅡ期去核卵母细胞作为受体,采用核移植方法,构楚了克隆胚胎．在同种克隆中,以ES细胞为供核细胞的克隆胚胎卵裂率明显低于以成纤维细胞为供核细胞的克隆胚胎卵裂率（24．4％相对于56．9％,P〈0．05）,1．8％的ES细胞克隆胚胎发育到囊胚阶段,而成纤维细胞克隆胚胎没能发育到囊胚阶段;在异种克隆中,以ES细胞为供核细胞的克隆胚胎卵裂率（89．6％）和囊胚发育率（18．8％）明显高于以成纤维细胞为供核细胞的克隆胚胎卵裂率（54．2％）和囊胚发育率（4．2％）．     

Properties and applications of embryonic stem cells

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the early embryo and can be propagated stably in undifferentiated state in vitro. They retain the ability to differentiate into all cell types found in the embryonic and adult body in vivo, and can be induced to differentiate into many cell types under appropriate culture conditions in vitro. Using these properties, people have set up various differentiated systems of many cell types and tissues in vitro. Through analysis of these systems, one can identify novel bioactive factors and reveal mechanisms of cell differentiation and organogenesis. ES cell-derived differentiated cells can also be applied to cell transplantation therapy. In addition, we summarized the features and potential applications of human ES cells.     

Induction of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cellsin vitro

In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright’s staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34⁺ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34^－CD38⁺. Wright’s staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.     

昆明鼠胚胎干细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的：从昆明系小鼠的早期胚胎分离和培养胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)．方法：收集小鼠3．5d胚龄的囊胚，将其培养在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层上，5—6d后取隆起生长的内细胞团块分离后再培养，观察集落的生长情况并通过碱性磷酸酶染色、原位杂交、细胞核型分析等对细胞集落进行鉴定．结果：KS细胞集落性生长，符合小鼠胚胎干细胞的一系列特性．结论：昆明系小鼠囊胚在胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层上可以发育成ES细胞，并能进行传代培养．     

小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞的冷冻保存研究

为了摸索小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞冷冻保存的简易方法,采用常规冷冻和玻璃化冷冻2种模式,探讨了不同的冷冻方法、不同的冷冻前平衡时间、不同的冷冻保护液的配比等因素对成纤维细胞冷冻效果的影响。实验结果表明:常规冷冻采用含10%(体积分数)甘油的DMEM液作保护剂,可将0~5℃下平衡时间缩短至45~60 min,细胞活力可达0.87。玻璃化冷冻采用10%(体积分数)NBS+1.8 mol/L乙二醇+0.1 mol/L蔗糖的PBS冷冻小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞效果好于其他组合,细胞活力可达到0.86。玻璃化冷冻法与常规冷冻法的冷冻效果差异不显著。     

人胚肺二倍体细胞株KMB17在培养过程中的自然凋亡

用延长培养周期方法诱导人二倍体胚肺细胞株ＫＭＢ１７自然凋亡,经光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、细胞流式仪、电子显微镜,证明ＫＭＢ１７细胞出现典型的凋亡特征：细胞圆缩、细胞核浓缩破裂、核染色质凝缩后分布于核膜边缘呈新月状和典型的凋亡峰．研究表明人胚肺二倍体细胞（ＫＭＢ１７）在培养过程中易出现自然凋亡．提示可望通过提高细胞对环境压力的耐受能力,预防或延缓细胞培养过程中的自然凋亡,提高操作单元细胞产品的生产效率．     

Effect of kinase-negativeEGFR gene on differentiation of embryonic germ cell line EG4

EG4 cells derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) of 10.5 d post coitum 129/svJ mouse embryos can be used as a model system for in vitro differentiation study due to their pluripotential development ability. EG4 cell lines with stable expression of kinase-negative EGFR cDNA, designated EG4-EGFR^d, were generated by gene transfection. We found that: (ⅰ) EG4-EGFR^d cells share the similar morphology and growing character with wildtype cells that can maintain undifferentiated state in long term culture. (ⅱ) Treatment of EG4 cells with RA resulted in differentiation of adipocyte, while in mutant clones of EG4-EGFR^d, adipocytes were sparse or absent under the same condition, indicating the role of EGFR expressed during adipocyte development. (ⅲ) Histological analysis showed that predominant tissues in teratocarcinomas derived from EG4-EGFR^d cells and wildtype cells are different. A large amount of undifferentiated cells was present in those coming from mutant cell clones. In addition some cardiac and skeletal muscles are prominently differentiated cell types. EG4 wildtype cells produced multiple differentiated cell types of three primary germ layers such as cartilage, epithelia and neural tube. These studies suggested that EGFR-dependent differentiation was inhibited in kinase-negative EG4 cells.     

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells along a hepatocyte lineage and its application in liver regeneration

Hepatocyte transplantation and bioarUficial liver （BAL） as alternatives to liver transplantation offer the possibility of effective treatment for many inherited and acquired hepatic disorders. Unfortunately, the limited availability of donated livers and the variability of their derived hepatocytes make it difficult to obtain enough viable human hepatocytes for the hepatocyte-based therapies. Embryonic stem cells （ESCs）, which could be isolated directly from the blastocyst inner cell mass, have permanent self-renewal capability and developmental pluripotency and therefore might be an ideal cell source in the treatment of hepatic discords. However, differentiation of hESCs into hepatocytes with significant numbers remains a challenge. This review updates our current understanding of differentiation of ESCs into hepatic lineage cells, their future therapeutic uses and problems in liver regeneration.