一种基于跨层优化的低延迟无线传感器网络DE2协议

是无线传感器网络MAC协议中比较具有代表性的一种协议，针对S-MAC协议的周期性侦听和休眠机制造成网络中业务延迟较大的缺点，提出了一种基于跨层优化的低延迟无线传感器网络MAC协议(CAL-MAC)。CAL-MAC协议在S-MAC基础上，采用了具有跨层优化思想的自适应侦听机制$该自适应侦听机制中，节点根据路径信息来决定是否进行自适应侦听。通过数值分析,CAL-MAC在保证能量有效性的同时降低了延迟。     

一种应急环境下无线传感网节点接入与定向扩散方法

针对应急环境中的灾难发生特点和救援工作要求,提出了一种无线传感网移动节点接入和定向扩散路由方法.首先设计了一种基于竞争型MAC协议的移动节点接入和链路维护机制,对定向扩散协议的兴趣扩散算法和兴趣封装进行了改进;然后,基于这种兴趣有效传播路径判定规则,建立和维护动态链路.仿真实验结果表明,移动节点的接入方法高效可靠,所用的接入机制在节点能量消耗、信号传输延时和网络吞吐量等方面都具有明显优势.采用兴趣有效传播路径判定规则的定向扩散路由算法只在局部网络内进行兴趣的准确扩散,转发的兴趣报文数量较少,且随着传感器节点总数的增多,兴趣报文数量的变化较小.     

移动自适应的无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展

包含运动节点的无线传感网应用得到了越来越多的关注.节点的运动对于无线传感器网络MAC（Medium Access Control）协议设计提出了很多挑战.文中研究当前节点运动处理的方法.首先介绍了节点运动的特征及其对于网络的影响.其次,指出了移动自适应的无线传感器网络MAC协议的发展脉络,对于典型协议进行比较,并指出各自的优缺点.最后,展望了这类协议的发展趋势和方向.     

无线Ad Hoc网中节点吞吐量与周围节点的关系研究

MAC802.11 协议被广泛应用到无线 Ad Hoc 网络中,在 MAC802.11 协议下的无线 Ad Hoc 网络中,针对两个邻近的发送节点之间、两个邻近的接收节点之间的吞吐量否会相互影响的问题进行研究.根据 MAC802.11 机制进行分析,理论分析与仿真实验都表明表明:当某一节点的邻居节点发送或接收时,该节点的吞吐量会因为受到邻居节点的影响而降低.     

一种容延迟移动传感器网络节能MAC协议

针对容延迟移动传感器网络(DTMSN)中传感器节点高能耗、高动态等特点,提出了PC-MAC协议.在IEEE 802.11MAC协议的基础上,结合现有MAC协议的特点,将改进后的数据传输机制和传输功率控制技术引入到DTMSN的MAC协议设计中.最后,通过仿真实验证明,PC-MAC协议在容延迟移动传感器网络环境中,在不同的节点数量时,其节点的平均能耗、数据包投递率及网络吞吐量均有良好的表现.     

Ad Hoc网络的MAC协议研究

Ad Hoc网络是由一组自主的无线节点或终端相互合作而形成的,独立于固定基础设施的分布式网络。在单信道条件下,所有移动节点共享一个无线信道,需要有效的MAC层协议来协调各节点对信道的访问。在分析已有Ad Hoc网络MAC协议的基础上,着重分析信道接入的公平性和信道利用率等问题;进而提出一种动态时延退避方案,以提高Ad Hoc网络信道接入的公平性并改善网络的吞吐量。     

基于跨层设计的MANET拥塞控制路由算法

移动无线自组网(MANET,Mobile Ad Hoc Network)是由无线移动节点所组成的具有任意和临时性网络拓扑的动态自组织网络系统,每个节点都可以作为主机和路由器使用。由于移动自组网的独特组织形式,固定网络和有中心无线网络的很多协议无法直接被它采用,因而需要设计专门适用于移动自组网的协议。其中,路由协议是自组网设计并研究的主要技术难点之一。对MANET中的经典AODV路由算法进行了改进,通过节点MAC层信息感知,表征出链路拥塞状态,同时将MAC层信息跨层共享,提出时延跳数积作为网络层路由判断和选择的依据,改善移动自组网传统路由协议遇到的拥塞问题,优化路由工作和网络性能。     

基于节点流量的低能耗无线传感器网络MAC协议

根据传感器节点的生存时间取决于节点能量消耗的特点,设计了节能的MAC协议.提出了一种基于节点流量的低能耗无线传感器网络MAC协议TBEE-MAC(traffic-based energy efficient MAC).在TBEE-MAC中,节点采用周期性休眠机制来节省能量,提出了活动时间结构和基于节点流量的同步调度方式,在时间误差允许的范围内,调整了同步调度周期,减少了能量消耗.仿真显示,TBEE-MAC在提供低延时性能的基础上,能量有效性相对于S-MAC协议有很大提高.     

基于复合判据和改变触发机制的WMN路由协议设计与仿真

为了提高无线Mesh网络路由协议的吞吐量和传输质量,提出了一种跨层路由协议MCL-AODV.该协议通过跨层操作机制综合考虑MAC层链路质量、节点队列拥塞度和无线传输距离对链路性能的影响,创建复合路由判据以优化路由选择过程;通过改变HELLO消息触发机制降低路由管理控制开销.仿真结果表明,MCL-AODV降低了平均路由开销、减小了端到端时延,提高了网络吞吐量和分组投递率.     

基于流量自适应的S-MAC协议的优化

S-MAC（sensor-MAC）是经典的基于竞争的无线传感器网络MAC层协议.协议采用固定占空比的侦听、休眠机制,节点拥有相同的竞争窗口值,很符合无线传感器网络对MAC层协议节能、简单的要求;然而,固定的占空比和竞争窗口使S-MAC无法适应网络流量的变化.文中引入队列信息,依此判定网络流量的大小,对S-MAC协议进行优化.当流量大时,通过修改休眠时间来调整占空比.同时引入竞争窗口调节算法,以减小流量大时发生碰撞的概率,提高效率.通过NS2仿真证明在网络流量大时,优化的协议在性能上得到了提升.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that