CH自由基与HNCO反应机理的理论研究

用MP2方法,在6-311＋＋G（d,p）基组水平上研究了CH自由基与HNCO的反应机理.全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物,选用更高水平的QCISD（T）/6-311＋＋G（d,p）和G3方法计算了相应的能量.研究结果表明：CH自由基与HNCO反应存在4条反应通道,分别为（1）CH＋HNCO→IM1→TS1→CH2＋NCO;（2）CH＋HNCO→IM1→TS2→IM2→TS3→H2CN＋CO;（3）CH＋HNCO→IM（cis）→TS（cis）→HCNH＋CO;（4）CH＋HNCO→IM（cis）→TS（cis-trans）→IM（trans）→TS（trans）→HCNH＋CO.其中通道（3）具有相对较低的活化能,且为放热通道,是反应的主要通道.     

CH自由基与NO反应机理的量子化学研究

采用量子化学密度泛函理论与从头算分子轨道理论研究了CH自由基与NO反应的机理，在B3LYP／6-311＋＋G（d，p）水平上优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型，并在G3水平上计算了它们的能量，同时对它们进行了振动分析，以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性．从对CH自由基与NO反应机理的研究结果看，CH自由基与NO反应为多通道反应．可能的产物是OH＋CN、0＋HCN、H＋CNO、H＋NCO、N＋HCO、NH＋CO，这些产物与实验检测到的结果相吻合．理论分析表明，反应通道CH＋NO→IM6→TS8→IM7→TS9→N＋HCO控制步骤的活化能最低（144．6kJ／mol），为主要反应通道．同时理论计算得到的各通道反应热与实验值一致，可以说明研究结果是比较可靠的．     

二氯卡宾与异硫氰酸反应机理的量子化学研究

用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了单、三重态CCl2与HNCS的反应机理.在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G＊＊水平上对反应物、中间体和过渡态进行了全几何参数优化;通过频率分析和内禀反应坐标（IRC）方法确认了中间体和过渡态;并用CCSD（T）/6-311＋＋G＊＊//B3LYP/6-311＋＋G＊＊方法计算了各个驻点的单点能.结果表明,对于单、三重态CCl2与HNCS反应,共有4条可行的反应通道,且通道CCl2（S）＋HNCS→IM1→TS1→IM2→HCN＋CCl2S（P1）反应能垒最低,为该反应的主反应通道;单重态抽提亚氨基通道反应能垒也比较低,为主反应通道的竞争通道.可为进一步实验研究提供参考.     

CO和OH自由基反应机理的量子化学研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311 G(d,p)基组水平下研究了CO与OH自由基反应的微观机理.全参数优化了反应过程中各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型,振动分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性,IRC计算结果进一步证实了过渡态的真实性.在G3水平上计算了它们的能量,OH自由基与CO反应机理的研究结果显示:OH自由基与CO反应为双通道反应过程,分别为(1)CO OH→IM1→TS1→CO2 H;(2)CO OH→IM1→TS2→IM2→TS3→CO2 H.其中通道(2)的活化能较低,为主要反应通道.     

CH2与NO化学反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论（DFT）研究了CH2与NO化学反应机理,在B3LYP/6-31 G^*水平上用梯度解析技术全自由度优化上述反应的反应物、产物和反应路径上的中间体、过渡态的几何构型,并通过频率振动分析确认中间体和过渡态,分析原子净电荷分布规律,沿IRC反应路径的能量、构型变化曲线来描述,从而确定了此反应的可能反应通道有：（a)R→IM1→TS1→P1和（b)R→IM1→TS2→IM2→TS3→IM3→TS4→IM4-trans←→IM4-cis→TS5→IM5→TS6→P2。研究表明最佳反应通道为（b)。     

CH2自由基和OH自由基反应机理的量子化学研究

用密度泛函理论（DFT）中的B3LYP方法，在6-311＋＋G（d，p）基组水平上研究了CH2与OH自由基反应的微观机理，全参数优化了反应过程中各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型，经振动分析证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性，并在G3水平上计算了它们的能量．研究结果表明，OH自由基与CH2自由基反应为多通道多步反应过程，从反应的活化能来看，每一条通道都是可行的，比较反应通道的控制步骤的反应活化能发现，CH2与OH自由基反应主要通道是IMl→TSl→H2CO＋H．     

6-羟基-1-（菲基）-哌啶-2-酮脱羟基及其阳离子环合反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31G*基组水平下研究了6-羟基-1-菲基-哌啶-2-酮脱羟基生成吡咯里西啶类生物碱的微观反应机理.优化了反应过程中的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物.振动分析结果和IRC分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性.结构和能量分析表明,反应物R脱羟基并进一步发生阳离子环合反应有两条反应通道,分别为：R→IM1→TS1→IM2→P1和R→IM1→TS2→IM3→P2.反应通道R→IM1→TS1→IM2→P1控速步骤活化能最低,是该反应的主要通道.与实验报道是相吻合的.     

O（^3P）＋CH3CF=CH2气相反应动力学的理论研究

采用二级微扰理论,在MP2（full）／6—311＋＋G（d,p）理论水平上对O（^3P）与CH3CF=CH2气相反应在三重态势能面上可能的反应机理进行了理论研究,全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物等各物种的几何构型,并进行了频率计算．在G3MP2水平上计算了各驻点的能量．计算结果表明,在298．15K下,经过IM2生成CH3＋CH2COF产物通道的能垒较低,为主反应通道,而从IM1出发生成H＋CH3CFCHO和从IM2出发生成CH2＋CH3COF是次要的产物通道．利用经Wigner校正的Eyring过渡态理论计算了在298．15～1500K温度范围内,1个大气压下该反应的速率常数．结果表明,整个反应的速率常数受温度的影响较为复杂．     

CH3CH2自由基与HNCO反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-311＋＋G（d,p）基组水平上研究了CH3CH2自由基与HNCO的微观反应机理,优化了反应过程中的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物,为了获得更精确的能量信息,在QC ISD（T）/6-311＋＋G（d,p）水平上计算体系在反应通道各驻点的能量.振动分析结果和IRC分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性,计算所得的成键临界点电荷密度变化也确认了反应过程.对于CH3CH2自由基与HNCO反应,找到了10条反应通道.对结果的分析表明,其中生成烷基酰亚胺稳定分子的反应通道的控制步骤活化能最低,因此为主要通道,在该反应体系中氢迁移反应已不是主要的反应过程,但其活化能不高,也是能发生的.     

NO与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

用MP2方法，在6-311 G(d，p)基组水平上研究了NO与OH自由基反应的微观机理，全参数优化了反应过程中各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型，考虑零点能校正，同时采用QCISD(T)/6-311 G(d，p)方法得到了更为精确的能量．振动分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性，IRC计算结果进一步证实了过渡态的真实性．从对NO与OH自由基反应机理的研究结果看，NO与OH自由基反应为双通道反应过程，分别为：NO OH→IM1→TS1→NO2 H，NO OH→IM1→TS2→IM2(HNO2)．研究发现，通道NO OH→IM1→TS2→IM2(HNO2)是NO与OH自由基反应的主反应通道，其主要产物是HNO2．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that