响应面分析法优化甘草多糖提取条件

利用响应面分析法对甘草粗多糖提取工艺条件进行优化,在单因素试验基础上选取液料比、时间和温度3个因素,以甘草粗多糖提取率为响应值,对提取工艺条件进行优化,得到甘草粗多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为:液料比31∶1,时间2.1 h,温度63℃,在此条件下提取率可达10.23%。     

马桑相关产业开发中马桑蚕沙制备叶绿素酮钠盐粗品工艺研究

研究了马桑相关产业开发中,以马桑蚕沙为原料提取叶绿素制备叶绿素铜钠盐粗品的工艺条件。通过实验结果表明,采用95%乙醇为提取溶剂,取50 g样品加入300 mL提取溶剂,在75℃水浴中搅拌回流提取3 h,皂化使用5%NaOH-乙醇溶液25 mL,皂化温度60℃,皂化时间90 min,铜代前加水量与皂化液体积比为1∶7,铜代使用10%CuSO_4溶液2 mL,铜代pH值为2,加5%NaOH-乙醇溶液制盐,60℃干燥的条件较为适宜。采用该工艺,叶绿素铜钠盐粗品的平均纯度可达24.3%,平均收率可达到2.10%。     

甘草中甘草酸粗品最佳提取条件研究

研究萃取剂用量、温度、时间、ｐＨ值、酸化剂与甘草中甘草酸粗品提取率之间的关系。得出从甘草中提取甘草酸粗品的最佳提取条件为：蒸馏水为萃取剂,样品／萃取剂为１∶８,在９０℃提取,萃取时间２ｈ／次（共３次）,Ｈ２ＳＯ４（３．５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）作酸化剂,在此最佳提取条件下得到甘草酸粗品中甘草酸含量为６５％以上。     

甘草中甘草酸的提取研究

对甘草中甘草酸的提取进行了研究,考究了助剂对提取率的影响。结果表明,提取的最佳条件为：助剂与甘草的重量之比为０．２５：１,助剂（１）优于助剂（２）,在该实验条件下,粗品的提取率可达９７％左右。     

中药甘草水溶性多糖的提取与测定

对中药甘草水溶性多糖的提取工艺进行了研究，并探讨了脱蛋白的优选方案．正交试验表明，水煎煮法提取水溶性甘草多糖的最佳工艺条件为：料液比为1：8，温度控制在90℃，提取时间为3h；超声法提取水溶性甘草多糖的最佳工艺条件为：料液比为1：8，超声功率为100W，提取时间15min．脱蛋白的最优方法为：三氯乙酸-Sevag法．结果表明，在最佳提取工艺条件下，超声法提取水溶性甘草多糖的量是水煎煮法的2．77倍，说明超声法是从甘草中提取水溶性多糖的一种较好的方法．     

苝系颜料的制备方法研究

本文以3，4,9，10-苝四甲酸二酐和一甲胺为原料，以脂肪醇催化制备苝系颜料的方法．系统研究了反应时间、温度、介质、物料比、催化剂等因素对颜料收率、色光、色力的影响，确定了最佳的工艺条件，使C．I．颜料红179粗品的收率达到了98．56％．     

酶法结合膜技术制备高效价肝素钠的工艺研究

以肝素钠的效价为指标,以猪小肠黏膜为原料,从中提取抗凝血药物肝素钠,提出酶法结合膜技术提取肝素钠;并将纯化工程中的传统静态树脂吸附改为动态吸附,与传统工艺相比。在此工艺条件下,酶解后产品的效价提高了33%,最后收率可提高了34.7%。加入膜技术除去杂蛋白和核酸后,以效价衡量产品纯度,对比粗品提高了125%,对比精品提高了20%。     

盐酸小檗胺的提取及精制

以三颗针提取小檗碱粗品的母液残渣为原料,对提取制备盐酸小檗胺的精品工艺进行了研究.实验证明以苯为提取溶剂,控制减压浓缩温度40～60℃,粗品小檗胺烘干温度39～48℃,pH约2.5时,按粗品量的3%加入活性炭脱色,重结晶处理2次,风干的盐酸小檗胺精品含量＞95%.     

甘草中甘草酸提取方法的比较

为了研究甘草中甘草酸的提取方法及影响提取产率的因素,以新疆乌拉尔甘草的粗粉为原料,采用不同的提取溶剂,用微波法和超声波法从甘草中提取甘草酸,并对二者进行比较,结果表明,用超声波法提取,以质量分数为0.5%的氨性醇为提取溶剂,所得的甘草酸粗品产率最高,达到35.4%.超声波法比微波法用时长,但操作简单、无需高温、耗能少,更适合实验室中使用.     

化学氧化法精制11-氰基十一酸

以11-氰基十一酸(11-CUA)的纯度和收率为目标函数,采用三种不同的氧化剂精制粗品11-氰基十一酸,通过对比实验及对氧化产物的红外光谱解析与熔点测定,确定了双氧水是合适的氧化剂.再利用正交试验对双氧水精制11-氰基十一酸的工艺条件进行研究,得到优化实验条件:在双氧水质量分数为15%、温度为20℃、pH值为2.0、反应时间30 min的条件下精制粗品11-CUA,产品纯度达99.86%,收率93.62%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with