Analysis of variation trends and causes of aerosol optical depth in Shaanxi Province using MODIS data

The temporal and spatial variations and causes of aerosol optical depth （AOD） in Shaanxi Province were investigated based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） derived aerosol data for the period of March 2000-February 2012. The results showed that the distribution of aerosol was largely affected by topography and local economic activities. Heavy aero- sol loading and increasing tendency in AOD was observed in Guanzhong, Hanzhong and Ankang basin, while a reverse tendency was revealed in most other regions. The spatial distribution of aerosol Angstrom wavelength exponent was predominantly related to vegetation coverage in Shaanxi. Airborne dust from ground is an important source of coarse mode aerosols. Vegetation im- provement indicated by an increase in normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and a reduction in dust weather led to a gradual decrease in coarse mode AOD to the north of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, while anthropogenic activities led to an in- crease in fine mode AOD in other areas except those covered by forests. The main aerosol type gradually shifted to the urban industrial type in Shaanxi.     

甘肃半干旱区城乡气溶胶光学特性的观测与分析

利用CE318型太阳光度计(532nm波段)在2004年5月-2007年5月的城乡观测资料,反演分析了半干旱地区城乡气溶胶的光学特征.得到了气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的年季变化,并对不同季节气溶胶的光学厚度以及波长指数的变化规律进行了讨论.结合兰州市郊区资料,对城郊大气气溶胶光学特征进行了对比及原因分析.认为较城市而言,半干旱区乡村大气总体上较城市更为洁净.城市气溶胶受到冬季采暖期等人为因素的影响,出现了AOD冬季大、夏季小的特点.气溶胶主要以工业粉尘和沙尘气溶胶为主,夜间逆温层对AOD的日变化影响较大.乡村春季沙尘天气较多,气溶胶浓度变化受季节的影响,春季AOD最大.气溶胶主控粒子多为沙尘粒子.     

Distribution and origin of aerosol and its transform relationship with CCN derived from the spring multi-aircraft measurements of Beijing Cloud Experiment (BCE)

The atmospheric aerosol distribution,source and relationship with cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) observed during the Beijing Cloud Experiment(BCE) are analyzed.The results show that the high number concentrations of aerosol mainly distributed below 4500 m,and the magnitude could reach to 103 cm 3.Above 4500 m,the aerosol number concentrations decreased to 101 cm 3 as the altitude increases,and the aerosol mean diameters were between 0.16 and 0.19 μm.Below 4500 m,the number size distributions of aerosol showed a bimodal(multimodal) mode,and an unimodal mode above it.Due to the different sources of aerosol,the conversion ratios of aerosol to CCN were less than 20% below 4500 m,and reached 50% above the level at 0.3% supersaturation.The back trajectories showed that aerosols at higher levels above 4500 m were strongly affected by large-size particles and those below 4500 m were strongly affected by local or regional pollution.Based on observations,a relationship between the CCN number concentration and aerosol number concentration is established.     

地下水除铁滤池的成熟及其生物研究

为了探讨地下水除铁滤池成熟的生物机理,从实验滤柱成熟过程的不同阶段监测了进、出水的水质和分析测试了细菌样品．实验结果表明：生物滤柱的除铁效果好,其成熟过程是细菌有规律的增殖且固定在滤料和包埋于铁泥的过程．为加速滤池的成熟和有效除铁提供了实验依据。     

光纤传感器及其应用研究

光纤传感器技术在现代检测及自动控制中的应用非常广泛,本文从光纤基本原理及光纤特性等方面,对光线的物理特性进行分析和研究,并利用其不同于传统传感器的优越性能,针对我省采矿工业的安全监控系统,提出一种全光网络的安全监控方法.此方法安全、可靠、精度高.     

浙江省及其临近地区益母草的RAPD分析

运用8个有效的10mer-寡核苷酸引物对浙江省及其邻近地区益母草(Leonurus japonicus)7个居群的基因组DNA进行了RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA)扩增，共检测到65个位点，其中多态位点45个，占69．23％。应用Jaccard公式计算了7个居群在65个位点上的相似性，并以此为基础，应用主坐标排序法作出了7个居群遗传分化的三维排序图，结果表明，浙江省及其邻近地区益母草的遗传性状总体较为接近，7个居群的遗传分化与其地理分布有一定的联系。     

FTIR-ATR chamber for observation of efflorescence and deliquescence processes of NaClO4 aerosol particles on ZnSe substrate

NaClO4 aerosol particles with diameter of 5-20 microns are deposited on the ZnSe substrate. An FTIR-ATR chamber on the ZnSe substrate is set up to observe the structural changes of NaClO4 aerosol particles at crystallization relative humidity （CRH） and deliquescence relative humidity （DRH）. With the decrease of RH （relative humidity） from 96% to 24% in the efflorescence process, the absorbance of O-H stretching band of the aerosol solutions continuously decreases. A sudden decrease of the water peak is observed at RH20%, where solid particles form. Very small amount of residual interfacial water, with two weak peaks at 3602 and 3533 cm^-1, can still be resolved in the FTIR-ATR spectra of the solid particles. In the deliquescence process of the same sample, little spectral changes are observed when the value of RH varies from 5% to 29%. Before the abrupt increase of the O-H stretching band at the DRH of about RH46%, a pre-deliquescence process is observed, i.e. in the RH range between 33% and 46%, there is really a slow absorbance increase for the peak area of O-H stretching band. The O-H stretching band shows an arciform O-H en- velope, totally different from not only the FTIR-ATR spectra of ClO4^- solutions either under supersaturated state or in diluted state, but also the characteristic of the residually interfacial water discussed in the efflorescence process. Such kind of water is considered as pure water, indicating that small amount of water aggregates in the microspaces of solid aerosol particles due to the capillary cohesion effect. When the RH arrives at RH44%, two weak shoulders at 3384 and 3260 cm^-1 can be resolved, and the solid NaClO4 particles begin to be dissolved by increasing capillary cohesion water. The spectral characteristic of the v3-ClO4^- band also shows the transition from solid particles to mainly solvated ClO4^- ions.     

非线性光子晶格的制作及光传输现象研究

采用数值和实验方法研究了非线性光子晶格图样的形成规律及光传输现象。采用光束传输法(BPM)模拟研究光波在由干涉图样及非线性作用下形成的光子晶格中的导光现象。通过多光束干涉观察了干涉图样,并由此制作了光子晶格。研究结果为利用非线性效应制作周期性光子晶格和准周期性光子晶格,并以此实现导光功能提供了新的思路和方法。     

A wetness index derived from tree-rings in the Mt. Yishan area of China since 1755 AD and its agricultural implications

Dendroclimatological techniques were employed to investigate the relationship between Chinese Pinus(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) growth and climatic variability in the Mt.Yishan region of Shandong Province, China, over the past253 years. Using regression analysis, the wetness index(WI)was reconstructed for the Mt. Yishan area for the period1755–2007 AD based on tree-ring widths; predictor variables accounted for 40 % of the variance. The reconstructed timeseries displayed an increasing trend after the late 1960 s. Both the estimated and the observed WI for May–August were better correlated with precipitation than temperature during the period 1958–2007 AD, indicating that the contribution of precipitation to the WI was larger than temperature in the study area. The reconstructed WI was compared with the dryness/wetness index of China and land areas that were affected by droughts and floods using the agricultural statistics for Shandong Province. In addition, the WI time-series corresponded well with the peanut yield in Shandong Province at high frequency, which may be reasonable in the context of agriculture in Shandong. The 3-, 5- to 6- and 9- to10-year periodicities detected in the time-series suggested that the reconstructed WI in the Mt. Yishan area may be related to large-scale climate variations.     

新疆凤仙花中黄色素的提取及稳定性研究

章主要介绍新疆凤仙花中的黄色素的提取并对其稳定性研究，实验结果表明，除柠檬酸，明矾，碳酸氢纳，氯化纳对该色素增色作用外，其它各种添加荆对色素基本上没有影响，该色素耐光性很好。     

Study on crustal, lithospheric and asthenospheric thickness beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas

Based on the results of pure dispersions of Rayleigh wave tomography in the Qinghai-Tlbet Plateau and its adjacent areas, tsklng S wave velocities from previous linear inversion as the initial model, using the simulated annealing algorithm, a nonlinear simultaneous inversion has been carried out for S wave velocity and thickness of different layers, including the crust, the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The results indicate： The crustal thickness shows strong correlation with geology structures sketched by the sutures and major faults. The crust is very thick in the Qinghal-Tibet Plateau, varying from 60 km to 80 kin. The Ilthospherlc thickness in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Is thinner （130-160 kin） than Its adjacent areas. And two blocks can be recognized, divided by an NNE strike boundary running between 90°E-92°E inside the plateau. Its asthenosphere is relatively thick, varies from 150 km to 230 kin, and the thickest area is located in the western Qiangtsng. India has a thinner crust （32-38 kin）, a thicker lithosphere of 190 km and a rather thin asthenosphere of only 60 kin. Sichuan and Tarlm basins have the crust thickness less than 50 kin. Their Iithospheres are thicker than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and their asthenospheres are thinner. A discussion has been made on the character and formation mechanism of the typical crust-mantle transition zone in the western Qiangtsng block.     

中关村科技园区土地利用特点与规划建议

通过实地调查和资料分析;阐述了中关村高科技园区土地利用特点,包括深厚的历史文化积淀,利用区域突破地理界限,企业用地比例大等．存在的主要问题有土地利用率趋于饱和,园区外扩速度快,交通用地十分紧张,企业用地结构不平衡等．并就该区土地利用规划提出若干建议．     

Lightning activity on the central Tibetan Plateau and its response to convective available potential energy

Lightning flash activities on the central Tibetan Plateau have been studied by using the satellite-based Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)database from January 1998 to July 2002.The lightning activity shows a clear diurnal variation on the central Plateau.The peak lightning activity appears at about 17:00 which is 3 h earlier than that in Jingxhou,Hubei in the same latitude belt nearby,indicating that the lightning activity is a sensitive indicator of solar heating on the Plateau.The lightning discharge is weaker on the Plateau than Jingzhou.Hubei and other low-altitude continental regions because of the lower convective available potential energy(CAPE)on the Plateau.The CAPE on the Plateau is 12 times lower than that in Jingzhou,Hubei,and 20 times lower than that in the sea-level region,such as Guangzhou and Florida.However,the sensitivity of lightning activity to CAPE changes on the Plateau is up to 30 times more sensitive than other prominent low-altitude regions.     

北京市文物古迹景观现状分析与建设的初步研究

北京市文物古迹景观现状分析与建设研究,是北京市景观生态建设研究的重要组成部分之一。本文通过对北京市文物古迹景观现状的分析,提出了“立足现状,以维修为主”和兴建两处“古都缩微”相结合的文物古迹景观建设方案,以使北京市文物古迹景观构成更为完整,为2000年北京奥运会提供一个更为完美的城市环境条件。     

北京市水资源承载力的现状及驱动力分析

本文阐述了水资源承载力的概念、特性及影响因素，根据北京市各县区的统计资料，分析了北京市自上个世纪80年代以来水资源承载力变化的总体趋势和驱动因子．结果表明：人口和GDP是影响北京市水资源承载力变化的主要驱动因素．2001年北京市人口总量已达1367．78万人，为水资源最大承载人口的5．81倍．再加上工农业的发展，已经大大超过了北京市水资源的承载力，使得北京成为世界上严重缺水的大城市之一．根据人口的GDP增长率，通过多元线性回归模型，预测出了2010年和2015年北京市水资源的供需状况．并提出要实现水资源的供需平衡，应当实行开源节流并重的政策．     

胭脂豆天然食用色素的提取及其理化性质的研究

以胭脂豆为原料提取安全无毒的天然食用色素，并对其理化性质进行了测试研究，研究表明：该色素在一定条件下具有较高的稳定性，在食品工业中有很好的开发应用前景．     

纤维结合素多肽衍生物的化学合成及对骨髓瘤细胞株K562的体外抑制作用

应用固相多肽合成技术，人工合成了一种衍生于纤维结合素的六肽ＧＲＧＤＳＳ。用高效液相层析进行纯度鉴定，并观察六肽对骨髓瘤细胞株Ｋ５６２的体外抑制作用。实验结果表明，六肽在７２ｈ内对骨髓瘤细胞的抑制率为３１％；多肽的结构对功能有一定的影响。根据竞争抑制原理，设计和合成多功能的多肽可为临床医学治疗肿瘤开辟一个新的途径。     

正丁胺自盐酸溶液中在铝表面上的吸附及其缓蚀作用

本文用失重法研究了在1M盐酸溶液中正丁胺对铝的缓蚀作用,应用吸附理论和Sekine方法处理实验数据,探讨了正丁胺在铝表面上的吸附行为以及吸附与缓蚀作用之间的关系,估算了正丁胺吸附的热力学参数.     

根霉脂肪酶催化水解（R,S）—环氧丙醇丁酸酯的反应特性

对根霉脂肪酶的粗酶拆分（Ｒ,Ｓ）－环氧丙醇丁酸酯的水解反应进行了初步研究,结果表明：３０℃下ＰＨ５．３时反应初速度最大;ＰＨ５．５－６．０地酶的立体选择季最高,对映体比率（Ｅ值）为５７。４２℃下ＰＨ５．５时反应初速度最大;酶的立体选择性随温度升高而下降,酶促水解反应中未到产物和底物抑制现象,根霉发酵液中脂肪酶的反应特性与硫酸铵沉淀法所得粗酶相吻合。