基于图形处理器的锥束CT快速迭代重建算法

提出了一种基于图形处理器实现的锥束CT图像迭代重建算法.该算法将三维纹理作为被重建物体的离散模型,基于射线投射方法实现了锥束CT的正投影计算;通过反向逐层映射到三维纹理实现了反投影计算;采用多纹理融合等技术完成了图像校正和投影校正.与经典的TMA-SART算法比较,作者算法运算速度快,占用显存少,支持全浮点精度运算,且易于在算法中添加先验知识和约束条件.通过对Shepp-Logan模型的图像迭代重建实验,验证了该算法的优势.     

锥束射线倾斜扫描三维层析算法

对于板、壳构件的无损检测,提出一种锥束射线倾斜扫描数字层析方法.采用射线相对于构件长宽表面倾斜入射、构件绕旋转轴回转的扫描方式,以采集的二维数字投影序列重构出该扫描区域的断层图像,给出了锥束射线倾斜扫描二维投影数值模拟算法以及滤波反投影重建算法.该重建算法为FDK算法的推广,在倾斜角90°时,该算法即为FDK算法.实验结果表明,该方法能较好地解决该类结构的层析检测,但由于该重建方法属于不完全投影数据重建,存在着相邻层之间的图像“混迭”现象,使得厚度方向上的分辨力有所降低.     

CT图像分块重建算法

为加快重建速度，节省资源，提出了CT图像分块重建算法，与一般的整幅重建算法不同，该算法通过恰当地分割投影空间、滤波投影空间、图像空间来实现重建的分块运算，最后拼装成整幅图像，它所占用的资源要比对整幅图像重建所需要的少，分块重建算法适用于多机运算、计算机网络分布运算及投影数据量巨大的高分辨率CT图像重建，并发展成一种局部重建技术，能减少对X射线剂量的要求，从而减少X射线对人体的辐射损害，仿真实验表明，CT图像分块重建算法是可行的和令人满意的。     

一种新的板状构件无损检测方法

对于板、壳构件的无损检测，提出了一种新的数字层析方法。采用射线相对于构件长宽表面倾斜入射、构件绕旋转轴回转的扫描方式，以采集的二维数字投影序列，通过相应的预处理和重建算法，重构出该扫描区域的断层图像。计算机模拟和实验结果表明，该方法能较好地解决此类结构的层析检测，与传统的二维CT相比，它不受被检测板壳长、宽尺寸的限制，可通过一次扫描获得投射数据，并完成对扫描区域的数字层析，但是，由于该重建方法属于不完全数据重建，所以存在着相邻层之间的图像“混叠”现象，从而降低了厚度方向上的分辨力。     

基于投影的CT图像金属伪影非线性权重校正

为抑制计算机层析造影(CT)系统重建图像中出现的金属伪影,提高图像的质量,采用一种基于金属投影非线性权重衰减的方法进行校正。对原始的投影直接重建,在得到的图像中利用阈值分离出金属区域,并重新对该金属区域进行投影,便得到原始的投影中金属投影的区间。只对该金属投影进行合适的非线性衰减。再用传统的滤波反投影方法重建图像。数值模拟表明,该方法不但能基本消除由射线硬化和射线剧烈衰减而引起的金属伪影,而且能保留金属信息,同时能增强金属区域不同部分之间的对比度,使得重建图像的质量得到很大的提高。该算法计算复杂度较小,实现简单,具有较高的实用价值。     

CT投影变换理论及其在圆轨道锥束重建中的应用

为了精确地获得计算机断层成像(CT)图像重建所需的平行束X射线投影,提出了CT投影变换理论,得到了一种精确地由锥束投影计算平行束投影的算法.该算法可以适用于任意形式的扫描轨道.在此基础上,分别提出了针对完整物体和物体感兴趣区域进行CT投影变换的投影数据完备性条件.将CT投影变换方法应用于圆轨道CT图像重建,有效地改善了FDK算法的重建结果,特别是在远离扫描轨道的平面内,改进后的重建图像CT值更加接近真实值.数值模拟实验证明了上述CT投影变换理论和方法的有效性.     

基于双字典自适应学习算法的低采样率CT重建

在医疗诊断中,稀疏采样能减少CT扫描过程中辐射对患者的伤害.但直接对稀疏采样后的投影数据进行重建,会使CT重建后的图像出现失真、伪影等问题.为保证低采样率下重建图像的质量,提出了双字典自适应学习算法,参照Sparse-Land模型的双字典学习框架,将K-SVD算法与双字典学习算法框架相结合得到补全投影数据,利用FBP算法进行重建得到高质量的重建图像.实验结果表明,在低采样率下使用所提方法进行CT重建的图像质量优于COMP双字典学习算法和MOD双字典学习算法,并且此方法有效提高了CT图像重建在低采样率时的性能.     

基于相机模型的锥束CT重建误差校正

该文对存在几何误差的锥束计算机层析成像(CT)的图像重建校正方法进行了研究。该文将锥束CT系统看做针孔相机,因此相机的成像模型可以用来修正三维体素与二维投影之间的映射关系。将该映射关系带入到重建算法中,就可以对存在误差的锥束CT进行有效的重建,提高重建图像的质量。计算机视觉中的相机标定技术被用来构建成像模型。该技术的可靠性保证了本文方法的精度和鲁棒性。仿真和实际系统实验表明:本方法可以在图像重建过程中对锥束CT中的几何误差进行有效的校正。     

CT模体投影解析计算及其在射束硬化校正中的应用

为了开发出有效的医学诊断X射线CT(计算机断层扫描)射束硬化校正方法,结合X射线源能谱分布以及数学CT模体内各区域的几何形状和材料成分,提出一种宽能谱X射线投影解析计算方法.首先在仅考虑人体组织的前提下将CT值映射为材料成分,然后采用解析方法确定区域边界,最后根据X射线能谱分布计算投影数据.与线积分投影比较,该方法不但能够生成更真实的投影,而且能够为射束硬化校正与CT重建研究提供统一的投影数据.FORBILD头部模体实验结果表明,骨校正的骨区域CT值不一致误差比水校正的小4～5Hu,比单能谱重建的大5～6Hu.     

一种新的三维CT扫描系统投影坐标原点的高精度测量方法

针对实际的三维CT扫描成像系统射线源焦点和探测器成像面的位置不能直接测量的问题,提出了一种简单易行的投影坐标系原点位置精确测量方法.利用双圆目标体二次成像获得的DR(Digital Radiography)图像,配合图像、图形处理方法和最小二乘拟合技术求取不同成像位置下的目标体圆心投影坐标,然后求解方程组得到投影坐标系的原点坐标.实验结果表明,所提出方法的测量精度达到了实际扫描系统的重建要求,并且实现简单、具有较强的抗噪能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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