山羊INHA和INHBA基因的cDNA克隆、序列分析及组织表达研究

分别提取处于同一发情周期的5只低繁藏山羊和5只高繁金堂黑山羊的卵巢、垂体的总RNA,并通过RT-PCR技术对INHA、INHBA基因cDNA进行克隆、序列分析,以Real-time PCR技术对其进行组织表达研究.结果表明:藏山羊和金堂黑山羊INHA基因编码区均长1083bp,编码360个氨基酸,两品种基因编码区有7处碱基不同,并导致3处氨基酸的差异;INHBA基因编码区均长1278bp,编码425个氨基酸,两品种基因编码区有4处碱基不同,并导致1处氨基酸的差异.藏山羊INHA基因编码区核苷酸序列与金堂黑山羊、绵羊、牛、野猪、小鼠、褐家鼠、人的同源性分别为:99.4%、98.9%、95.8%、88.6%、81.0%、79.5%和84.8%;藏山羊INHBA基因编码区核苷酸序列与金堂黑山羊、绵羊、牛、野猪、小鼠、褐家鼠、人的同源性分别为:99.7%、99.4%、98.1%、91.7%、88.0%、88.5%和91.2%.INHA和INHBA基因mRNA在两个山羊品种的卵巢、垂体中均有表达,但两品种间无显著性差异(P0.05).说明INHA和INHBA基因在动物进化中比较保守,与山羊多羔性状的相关性有待进一步研究.     

川中黑山羊(金堂类群)和藏山羊PRLR基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中绵羊的PRLR基因序列设计引物,以川中黑山羊(金堂类群)和藏山羊垂体总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR技术对川中黑山羊(金堂类群)和藏山羊PRLR基因cDNA克隆及进行序列分析,以期为进一步研究该基因与山羊的繁殖性能奠定理论基础.结果表明:川中黑山羊(金堂类群)和藏山羊PRLR基因编码区均长1746bp,均编码581个氨基酸.川中黑山羊(金堂类群)PRLR基因编码区与藏山羊、绵羊、牛、牦牛野猪和人的同源性分别为99.71%、99%、95%、95%、83%和80%.以核苷酸序列构建分子系统进化树,川中黑山羊(金堂类群)先与藏山羊聚为一类,再与绵羊聚为一类,后与牛和牦牛聚为一类,然后与野猪聚为一类,最后与人聚为一类.     

藏绵羊KAP3.2基因的cDNA克隆、序列分析及组织表达的研究

为研究藏绵羊角蛋白相关蛋白(KAP3.2)基因结构与功能,揭示该基因的组织特异性表达规律.以藏绵羊为研究对象,分别提取藏绵羊心、肝、脾、肾及皮肤组织中总RNA,并以此为模板,通过RT-PCR技术对藏绵羊KAP3.2基因的c DNA进行克隆、序列分析;利用Real-time PCR技术进行组织表达研究.结果表明:藏绵羊KAP3.2基因编码区全长297bp,编码98个氨基酸;藏绵羊与普通绵羊、山羊、藏羚羊、草原鼠、家鼠、人的相应核苷酸同源性分别为99%、97%、96%、79%、75%、73%;藏绵羊KAP3.2基因在皮肤中高表达,而在其它组织中相对表达量较低,说明该基因的表达具有组织特异性.     

绵羊脂联素受体2基因生物信息学分析

采用生物信息学方法对绵羊(兰州大尾羊)AdipoR2基因及其所对应蛋白质进行了分析.结果显示,AdipoR2基因全长1 809 bp,编码386个氨基酸多肽蛋白.核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性与山羊最高,分别为99.1%和99%,非洲爪蟾最低,分别为68.2%和78.5%.兰州大尾羊AdipoR2编码蛋白二级结构中α-螺旋占23.06%,β-片状占27.72%,无规则卷曲占49.22%.ADIPOR2蛋白为跨膜蛋白,N-端位于胞内,C-端位于胞外,由7个跨膜结构域组成.分析表明,绵羊AdipoR2基因由7个外显子和6个内含子组成,核苷酸序列变异以转换为主,转换/颠换比值为2.072.不同物种间绵羊与山羊AdipoR2核苷酸序列间变异最小(0.9%).系统发育分析表明,绵羊与山羊也首先聚为一类,推测绵羊与山羊的分歧时间大约在0.225百万年前.这些结果为进一步分析绵羊脂联素受体2(AdipoR2)基因功能及其所介导的脂联素功能奠定了理论基础.     

山羊FGF5基因cDNA分子克隆及序列分析

采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术,首次从山羊脑组织总RNA中扩增出成纤维细胞生长因子5(FGF 5)基因的cDNA编码序列.通过对序列的分析表明,克隆的山羊FGF 5cDNA编码序列与其他动物的序列具有高度的同源性.与G enbank中人和小鼠序列比较,山羊与人和小鼠的FGF 5核苷酸序列的同源性分别为91%和87%.编码的氨基酸序列比较,山羊和人的相似性为87%,山羊与小鼠的相似性为83%.如FGF s家族的其他成员一样,山羊的FGF 5蛋白也有一信号肽序列.山羊FGF 5基因外显子在编码氨基酸时,对同义密码子的使用表现有强烈的偏好性.不同物种对同义密码子使用的偏倚程度与偏好类型各不相同,也具有种属特异性.山羊FGF 5基因所编码的蛋白质中,20种氨基酸的含量差异很大,极性氨基酸含量高于非极性氨基酸含量.     

藏鸡A-FABP基因和H-FABP基因的克隆及生物学信息分析

以藏鸡为研究对象,根据NCBI上登录的原鸡A-FABP和H-FABP基因序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR方法克隆藏鸡A-FABP和H-FABP基因的CDS区,并进行生物信息学分析.结果表明:藏鸡A-FABP和H-FABP基因的ORF分别为399 bp、402 bp,编码132、133个氨基酸;A-FABP和H-FABP分子量分别为14.91ku、14.84ku,等电点分别为6.34、5.92,均为亲水蛋白,无信号肽和跨膜结构.磷酸化位点分别有9、6个,O糖基化位点分别有10、5个;藏鸡A-FABP和H-FABP的氨基酸序列与原鸡的同源性最高,分别为99%、100%,在鸟类动物中序列比较保守.     

山羊KLF17基因克隆与组织表达

克隆山羊Krüppel样因子17基因(KLF17)的c DNA序列,并检测其组织表达水平,为KLF17基因的功能研究奠定基础.随机选取2~3周岁的健康简州大耳羊和藏山羊羯羊各4只,屠宰采集山羊不同组织样品(心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉和皮下脂肪),提取组织总RNA,利用RT-PCR法克隆山羊KLF17基因序列,进行生物信息学分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(q PCR)法检测KLF17基因mRNA的表达水平.结果表明,克隆得到山羊KLF17基因c DNA序列1 450 bp,包含CDS区全长858 bp,5'UTR序列12 bp,5'UTR序列580 bp,编码285个氨基酸残基.其CDS区与牛、绵羊相比在5'端少99 bp,而在531位多出361 bp,这导致其编码区在858位提前终止.山羊蛋白序列较牛、绵羊少113个氨基酸残基.组织表达结果显示,KLF17基因在藏山羊肺中具有最高的表达水平,而在简州大耳羊皮下脂肪中具有最高的表达水平.两种山羊均在背最长肌中具有最低的KLF17表达量.这些结果表明KLF17可能在山羊脂质代谢过程中具有重要调控作用.     

人类及部分实验动物MHC-DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列同源性分析

目的研究人类及部分实验动物DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列的同源性。方法利用PCR技术扩增得到牛的DRB3.2基因片段,并测定其核苷酸序列;从GenBank中下载人类、猕猴、绵羊、山羊、猪的相应基因片段;利用DNAMAN软件进行碱基组成分析、同源性分析和构建分子进化树。结果所分析的物种该基因片段大小为267bp,没有发现碱基的缺失以及插入现象;A、T、G、C四种碱基以及G+C的含量在不同物种之间相差较小。就某种动物来说,G的含量最高,T的含量最低,G+C的含量要明显高于A+T含量;人类与猕猴、绵羊、山羊、牛、猪的同源性分别为91.8%、82.8%、82.4%、81.3%、81.6%。结论不同物种MHC-DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列的同源性都比较高;在研究人类有些疾病时,猕猴是其它实验动物不可替代的;DRB3.2基因是研究生物进化和系统发育分析的一个理想遗传标记。     

山羊ZP3基因的cDNA克隆、序列分析及组织表达研究

对高繁金堂黑山羊和低繁藏山羊ZP3基因cDNA进行克隆、序列分析,并采用Real-time PCR技术对其在发情前期母羊卵巢组织的表达进行研究.结果表明:山羊ZP3基因编码区全长为1269bp,共编码422个氨基酸,两品种间有2处碱基差异,但未导致氨基酸的差异.山羊的ZP3基因在卵巢表达量高,与其他组织差异极显著(P＜0.01),但两个品种间差异不显著(P＞0.05).说明ZP3基因主要在卵巢中表达,但可能不是影响山羊多羔性状的主基因.     

藏黄牛褪黑激素合成酶AA-NAT基因cDNA克隆及序列的比较分析

哺乳动物季节性繁殖主要受褪黑激素调控, 而褪黑激素的分泌受其2个合成酶HIOMT和AA-NAT调控. 分布于青藏高原的藏黄牛和牦牛是典型的季节性繁殖动物, 普通黄牛繁殖则季节性不明显. 比较分析它们三者的AA-NAT序列, 从而进一步研究它们繁殖的季节性. 采用RT-PCR技术,从2个公藏黄牛个体的松果体组织总RNA中分别克隆到AA-NAT基因的表达序列, 并对其进行生物信息学分析. 结果表明:藏黄牛AA-NAT基因的表达序列全长为624bp, 开放阅读框(ORF)为621 bp, 编码207个氨基酸, 预测其表达蛋白分子量为52.3005kDa, 等电点为5.06, 不具有信号肽, 有两个具有较高可能性的跨膜区, 存在4个O连接糖基化位点, 而不存在N连接糖基化位点, 有3个潜在的Ser和3个Thr磷酸化位点. 藏黄牛该基因表达序列核苷酸及编码氨基酸与亲缘关系较远的牦牛一致, 而与亲缘关系较近的普通黄牛却有一定差异, 这可能与繁殖的季节性有关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has