常利率环境下Erlang（2）风险模型的罚金折现期望

讨论了常利率下Erlang(2)风险模型的罚金折现期望所满足的积分-微分方程,通过积分变换,得到它的级数形式的解.并且,当索赔额为指数分布时,给出了罚金折现期望的确切表达式.     

带税收的Erlang(2)风险模型的折罚函数

考虑了带税收的Erlang(2)风险模型.研究了在Erlang(2)风险过程下,税收对保险公司的期望折罚函数等破产特征量的影响,得到了有税收和无税收2种不同策略下的Erlang(2)风险模型的期望折罚函数的关系式.     

具有常数红利界限的带干扰Erlang(2)风险模型的Gerber-Shiu折扣罚金函数

利用Taylor展式导出具有常数红利界限的带干扰Erlallg(2)风险模型的Gerber-Shiu折扣罚金函数满足的积分-微分方程和其边界条件.     

具有两类索赔风险过程的破产函数

研究具有两类索赔的风险过程三种分布函数。当两类索赔计数过程均为Erlang（2）过程时,推导出了破产前瞬间盈余的分布函数,破产赤字的分布函数和破产前瞬间盈余与破产赤字的联合分布函数所满足的积分方程。研究了这些破产函数的渐近性质。     

具马氏调制费率的风险模型罚金函数的期望

主要考虑马氏风险模型的罚金函数的数学期望．在具有马氏调制费率，索赔额服从指数分布情形下，得出罚金函数的数学期望所满足的积分方程．     

常利率Erlang(2)风险模型的破产时刻罚金折现期望值

研究了常利率下Erlang(2)风险模型,得到了破产时刻罚金折现期望值的一个二阶微分方程。利用这个二阶微分方程,对经典风险理论中的一些结果作了进一步的讨论。     

一类风险模型的红利问题研究

研究了一类有界带干扰的Erlang（2）风险模型边界红利策略下的红利分布问题，得到了总红利贴现值的矩母函数及任意阶矩所满足的积分-微分方程，并在索赔额分布函数存在有理Laplace变换条件下对总红利贴现值的任意阶矩进行了分析求解．     

投资和干扰下的Erlang(2)模型的破产概率

讨论了投资和干扰下的Erlang(2)风险模型的破产概率.首先得到该模型的盈余过程具有平稳独立增量性;其次,利用鞅方法获得了该模型破产概率的显式表达式以及它的一个上界估计.     

不带利率Erlang(2)风险模型的破产时刻罚金折现期望值的拉氏变换

研究了不带利率Erlang(2)风险模型,得到了破产时刻罚金折现期望值的拉氏变换,给出了拉氏变换的显示表达式。     

复合泊松风险模型中观察间隔为均匀分布时的贴现罚金函数

考虑审核时间间隔为均匀分布的期望贴现罚金函数,利用全概率公式和拉普拉斯变换,给出贴现罚金函数满足的积分微分方程以及更新方程.针对指数索赔的情况给出了期望贴现罚金函数的计算过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with