非晶态Co-Cu-B纳米合金粉末的非等温晶化动力学性能

用化学还原法制备出Co-Cu-B三元纳米合金粉末.通过X射线衍射(XRD),选区电子衍射(SAED)和非等温差热扫描量热分析(DSC)对所制备的样品进行分析.证实所制备的粉末为非晶纳米合金粉末,粉末组元除了以合金形态存在外,还有一部分以氧化态存在.DSC的分析结果表明,非晶Co-Cu-B纳米合金粉末的晶化是一步发生的,晶化体积分数与加热温度的关系曲线呈典型的S形状.用Kissinger法计算得出其晶化激活能为465.69 kJ/mol.用Suriach拟合法得出非等温晶化过程是通过已有晶核的直接长大完成的.     

铜模吸铸法制备的Fe_(74)Al_4Sn_2(PSiBC)_(20)块体非晶与块体纳米晶合金

利用铜模吸铸法制备了直径Φ1.0mm和2.0mm的Fe74Al4Sn2(PSiBC)20块体非晶合金和直径2.0mm的Fe74Al4Sn2P10Si4B4C2块体纳米晶合金圆棒.利用X射线衍射、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和差热分析仪(DTA)对Fe74Al4Sn2(PSiBC)20块体非晶合金的结构和热性质进行了测定.该非晶合金系在凝固前能够获得较大的过冷度,并具有较高的约化玻璃转变温度Tg/Tm(Tg/T1).利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了制备态的Fe74Al4Sn2P10Si4B4C2纳米晶合金圆棒的结构,为非晶基体上均匀分布的尺寸10-20nm的α-Fe晶粒.合金凝固前获得较大的过冷度,较高的约化玻璃转变温度和多步晶相析出过程有利于获得块体纳米晶材料.铜模吸铸法既可制备块体非晶合金,也可制备块体纳米晶合金,是一种很有吸引力的制备块体非晶合金和块体纳米晶合金的方法,并进一步证实利用快速凝固法可以直接制备块体纳米材料.     

低温球磨制备纳米晶Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金

利用低温液氮球磨技术制备了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金纳米晶粉末,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)对材料在球磨过程中的晶粒尺寸和微观应变进行了研究,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和差热分析(DSC)等测试方法研究了材料的固态相变以及热稳定性.研究表明,粉末晶粒尺寸随着球磨的进行逐渐减小,球磨10h后晶粒尺寸达到45nm;微观应变随着球磨的进行逐渐增大.粉末球磨过程中,MgZn2相逐渐减少,合金元素过饱和固溶于α-Al晶格之中.球磨10h后仅有少量的MgZn2相存在.制备的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu纳米晶粉末在低于709K下加热,粉末晶粒长大速度较慢,表明Al-Zn-Mg-Cu纳米晶粉末具有较高的热稳定性.     

氩气雾化制备Al82Ni10Y8非晶态结构粉末

采用氩气雾化方法制备了Al82Ni10Y8合金粉末,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对粉末的微观结构、相组成及热稳定性进行了分析.研究结果表明,粒径小于20 μm的Al82Ni10Y8雾化粉末结构为典型的非晶态,粒径大于20 μm的粉末由非晶基体 晶化相组成;优先出现的晶化相为含少量Ni和Y的fcc-Al,大直径的粉末出现树枝状结构;粒径小于26 μm的Al82Ni10Y8雾化粉末具有明显的玻璃化转变和晶化现象,Tg,Tx1和ΔTx 分别为539 K,561 K和22 K.当连续升温时,Al82Ni10Y8雾化粉末的DSC曲线出现3～4个放热峰,表现出多级晶化现象.     

AC-HVAF喷涂铁基非晶复合涂层结晶度的DSC法测定

利用活性燃烧高速燃气喷涂方法(AC-HVAF)制备出一种高非晶含量的Fe基非晶合金涂层.根据非晶合金相变的热力学原理可知部分晶化的非晶合金的晶化即为残留非晶相的转变,其相变热应正比于残留非晶相的相含量.采用不同的热处理工艺使喷涂的非晶涂层晶化,利用DSC分析法测定了热处理后涂层中的纳米晶体含量和部分晶化非晶合金涂层试样的相变热,计算了该涂层试样的结晶度.实验结果和理论预测基本相符.     

Al_(65)Fe_(10)Zr_(20)Gd_5非晶态合金的制备与晶化

研究Al65Fe10Zr20Gd5混合粉末的机械合金化引起的非晶态化过程,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析混合粉末的结构演变和形貌,用差热分析仪(DTA)分析非晶态合金的热稳定性。结果表明,粉末在机械合金化过程中先细化,由初始粉末直接扩散固溶导致晶格崩溃形成非晶,球磨60h后Al65Fe10Zr20Gd5完全非晶化。DTA曲线显示非晶合金晶化呈现单一的放热峰。合金在923K等温退火1h后,完全晶化,析出复杂的中间相,表现出多晶型晶化的特点,晶化产物为Fe5Gd、Fe2Zr、Al2Gd3和α-(Al)固溶相。Al65Fe10Zr20Gd5非晶晶化激活能为259.64 kJ.mol-1,该非晶合金具有较高的热稳定性和较强的抗晶化能力。     

FeNiPB (Cu,Nb)合金的非晶及晶化的微观组织结构

用X射线精细结构分析、示差扫描热分析和扫描电子显微分析仪分析研究了FeN iPB(Cu,Nb)合金的非晶及晶化的微观组织结构,探索了这类合金的非晶加纳米晶组织结构的形成和控制,结果表明:Fe,N i,P,B,Cu和Nb元素混合粉末机械合金化后可形成非晶态的FeN iPB(Cu,Nb)合金,再经过晶化处理可得到具有非晶基体上弥散分布着α-Fe基纳米晶组织的合金.在晶化过程中,合金中Cu的作用使α-Fe晶核弥散形成,而合金中Nb的存在阻止了α-Fe基的晶粒的长大.因此,在FeN iPB(Cu,Nb)合金中,可通过调整合金中Cu,Nb的含量及相对量来控制非晶基体上的纳米晶形成的量及晶粒尺寸.     

机械合金化法制备Cu-Ti-Zr基非晶合金

采用机械合金化法成功制备Cu40Ti60-xZr(x=0,10,30,50)非晶合金.研究Cu-Ti-Zr合金粉末由晶态向非晶态转变过程中的组织结构变化,探讨非晶合金的形成机制,以及非晶合金的热稳定性和晶化产物.结果表明,非晶合金直接从初始元素得到,在反应过程中没有金属间化合物出现,非晶化过程可以由间隙扩散模型来解释.Cu40TixZry非晶粉末的DSC分析表明,随着Ti含量的降低和Zr含量的升高,非晶粉末的晶化温度Tx逐渐升高,对非晶粉末在相应的Tx温度附近退火15min后发现,Cu40Ti30Zr30合金没有析出相,Cu40Ti1Zr50析出了Zr2Cu,Cu4Ti和少量的一些未知相.     

纳米钨合金粉末常压烧结的致密化和晶粒长大

高密度合金由于具有密度和强度高、延性好等一系列优异的性能,在军工上被用作动能穿甲弹材料.纳米材料被认为是21世纪应用前景非常广阔的新型材料,采用纳米粉末可望大大细化钨合金晶粒,显著提高合金的强度、延性和硬度等力学性能,因而是制备新型高强韧高密度钨合金的很重要的研究方向.作者采用机械合金化(MA)工艺制备了纳米钨合金复合粉末,研究了纳米钨合金粉末在常压氢气气氛中的烧结致密化和在烧结过程中的W晶粒长大行为.同时,指出了在液相烧结时存在的问题,即W晶粒加速重排、产生晶粒聚集与合并,迅速发生W晶粒长大,在较短时间内液相烧结时,W晶粒尺寸又长大到接近传统高密度合金水平.研究结果表明,MA纳米粉末促进了致密化,使致密化温度降低100～200℃;在一般固相烧结温度时可以得到晶粒粒径为3～5μm的细晶高强度合金.     

热退火条件下球状纳米硅晶粒成核势垒阈值研究

利用纳秒脉冲激光烧蚀(PLA)技术,在室温、真空环境中沉积制备了非晶Si薄膜,并通过热退火实现了薄膜样品的晶化.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射(XRD)仪和Raman散射(Raman)仪等技术对退火后的样品进行形貌表征和晶态成分分析,确定了非晶Si薄膜晶化的热退火阈值温度以及在该条件下所形成球状纳米Si晶粒的平均直径,结果分别为850℃和15nm.假定纳米Si晶粒为理想球体,结合固相晶化过程中的能量变化,计算得到了晶化形成直径15nm球状晶粒所需要的能量,即成核势垒阈值,量级约为10-11 mJ.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with