挤压温度对Mg-3Zn-2.5Al-2.5Ca合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用金相分析、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析和拉伸测试等方法研究了不同挤压温度对Mg-3Zn-2.5Al-2.5Ca(ZAC333)合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,铸态组织的平均晶粒尺寸为185μm;随着挤压温度从623K降低到523K,由于发生了明显的动态再结晶,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从6.32μm减小到3.36μm.ZAC333铸态合金中沿着晶界分布的半连续Al_2Ca和连续Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3第2相在热挤压过程中也发生了明显的破碎而沿着挤压方向分布.与铸态合金的力学性能相比,挤压态ZAC333合金的力学性能有明显的提高.挤压态合金的抗拉和屈服强度分别从176 MPa和284 MPa提高到292 MPa和334 MPa,而延伸率从18%降低到9%.ZAC333合金性能的改善主要归功于热挤压过程中的动态再结晶细晶强化和第2相粒子破碎而产生细化弥散强化的共同作用.     

挤压铸造过共晶A390合金的组织与力学性能

以过共晶A390合金为对象,系统研究了挤压铸造成形工艺下挤压压力、浇注温度、热处理工艺参数等对合金显微组织与力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,A390合金挤压铸造铸态组织初晶硅的尺寸保持在20～30μm左右.且挤压压力增大能提高铸件的致密性并细化共晶组织;而较低的浇注温度则可以获得较细小的初生α相.热处理使共晶组织进一步细化,并显著提高铸件的力学性能.经优化的T6热处理参数为490℃×8 h 180℃×8 h,铸件本体试样的平均抗拉强度和布氏硬度分别达到334 MPa和141.     

Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金的显微组织与切削性能

采用金相组织分析、X线衍射物相分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析技术对自行研制的Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金(拟取代HPb59-1黄铜)在铸态、挤压态和热处理态3种状态下的显微组织与切削性能进行研究,并比较3种状态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金与HPb59-1黄铜的切削性能。研究结果表明:铸态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE锌合金中主要含有纯Zn相、Mg2Zn11相和Cu4Zn相(ε相),且晶间有不连续分布的块状稀土化合物,该稀土化合物性脆易断,有利于提高合金的切削性能;挤压态合金的晶界不明显,稀土化合物消失,基体组织发生再结晶;热处理后,合金发生二次再结晶,晶粒细化,ε相大量析出,强度和塑性均有所提高;与铸态相比,挤压态及热处理态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金的切削性能略有下降;铸态Zn-Cu-Mg-Al-RE合金的切削性能已接近HPb59-1黄铜的切削性能。     

超声制备Al-5Ti-1B中间合金中TiB2粒子尺寸分布及其晶粒细化性能

在连续高能超声作用下,制备出一种新型的Al-5Ti-1B中间合金,研究了该中间合金的微观组织、形核相TiB2粒子尺寸分布以及它对工业纯铝的晶粒细化效果.结果表明,与常规制备方法相比,在4 min连续高能超声振动作用下,可使Al熔体对混合氟盐的吸收率达到100%,大大缩短了制备反应时间.Al-5Ti-1B中间合金中,TiAl3相呈现10~20μm小团块状;TiB2粒子为规则多边状,并有清晰的外形轮廓,呈松散聚集团状分布;TiB2粒子的平均尺寸以及尺寸跨度大大降低,分别为646.9 nm、1.2μm.该中间合金的优良组织特性显著提高了其晶粒细化性能,用此中间合金可将工业纯铝的铸态晶粒尺寸细化至45μm.     

钇对Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响

为加强Mg-Gd-Y基高强镁合金的开发,拓展镁合金的应用,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、差热分析和拉伸试验等手段,研究了Y对Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:在Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr镁合金中,Y添加的质量分数为2％时对合金铸态组织的影响不大;当添加3％和4％会导致合金铸态组织粗化,并使合金组织中的第二相由不连续分布的细小网状变成粗大的骨骼状;添加2％～4％还可使合金挤压后的晶粒细化,其中添加2％和3％较添加4％获得更好的细化效果.此外,添加2％～4％可明显提高合金挤压后的抗拉强度和屈服强度,其中添加2％可使合金挤压后的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别达到348.8 MPa、256.8 MPa和14.7％.     

挤压及T5处理对Mg-Zn-Zr-Cu-Ca镁合金组织性能的影响

对新型Mg-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.5Cu-0.5Ca铸造镁合金进行挤压形变,研究了挤压及T5时效处理对合金组织性能的影响.采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计、电化学工作站表征分析了合金的组织形貌、物相组成、显微硬度及腐蚀速率.结果表明:热挤压使铸态镁合金发生了动态再结晶,晶粒破碎,析出相明显细化并呈弥散分布,主要物相为α-Mg、Mg Zn2、Mg Zn Cu、以及Mg2Ca相.T5时效处理使挤压态镁合金发生静态再结晶,随着时效时间的延长,析出相先细化后长大,当时效时间为12 h时组织最为致密均匀.铸态和原始挤压态试样的显微硬度值分别为72.94 HV0.1和76.4 HV0.1,随着T5时效处理的进行,合金显微硬度值呈先增后减的趋势,当时效时间为12 h时达到峰值(80.53 HV0.1).电化学测试结果表明,T5时效处理可有效降低镁合金的腐蚀速率,从而提高其耐蚀性.     

Al-Ti-B中间合金中第二相沉淀现象研究

采用氟盐铝热反应法制取Al-Ti-B中间合金细化剂,对其反应过程进行了分析.通过对比挤压前后的微观组织,研究挤压变形对组织造成的影响.结果表明,挤压使得TiAl3颗粒尺寸减小、表面趋于平滑,挤压过程中发生的再结晶现象使TiB2分布均匀弥散.另外通过静置实验研究了α-Al基体中第二相的沉淀现象,深入分析了沉淀过程及原因,提出了减少第二相颗粒聚集、沉淀的方法,着重强调了优化挤压工艺和添加适量稀土元素的作用.     

挤压对Mg-Zn-Sn-Al合金力学性能和腐蚀行为的影响

研究了铸态和挤压态Mg-4.5Zn-4.5Sn-2Al合金的微观组织、力学性能和在质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:铸态合金的平均晶粒尺寸为183μm;而挤压后合金的平均晶粒尺寸降低为9μm.挤压态与铸态Mg-4.5Zn-4.5Sn-2Al合金相比,抗拉强度由209 MPa提高到354 MPa,屈服强度由157 MPa提高到216 MPa,伸长率达到19.6%且呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.静态浸泡腐蚀和电化学实验表明,挤压态合金的耐蚀性明显低于相应的铸态合金.     

挤压变形对Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金组织与性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼铸造法制备Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金,并对该合金铸态和挤压态试样分别进行显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌的对比分析.结果表明:经挤压变形后该合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒及Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相得到显著细化.挤压后屈服强度达222MPa,增大幅度高达204%,抗拉强度提高到291MPa.延伸率从铸态的11.5%上升至26%,经挤压变形后合金的断裂机制发生由脆性向韧性的转变,Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相为该合金的主要强化相.     

Mg-6Gd-(2-4)Y-1Zn变形镁合金的组织与性能

制备了3种不同成分的Mg-Gd-Y-Zn四元合金,并对其显微组织和力学性能进行了系统的研究.结果显示,Mg-6Gd-2Y-1Zn和Mg-6Gd-3Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg,(Mg,Zn)3Gd和18R-LPSO结构的Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.而Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织则主要由α-Mg,Mg24(YGdZn)5和Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.合金退火后,3种合金的退火组织均由α-Mg,Mg12Y1Zn1和14H-LPSO相组成.热挤压过程中Mg12Y1Zn1相被拉长,呈长条状沿挤压方向排列,而14H-LPSO相则分布于条状分布的Mg12Y1Zn1之间.挤压态合金经固溶和225℃时效(T6)处理后,显微组织中呈现14H-LPSO结构和β’沉淀相共存.对挤压后的合金直接进行时效处理(T5)过程中也发生了β’沉淀相,但14H-LPSO相体积分数少于T6态.3种合金中Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金在T6态的性能最好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.