盐类矿物的溶解、表面性质变化与浮选分离控制设计

本文根据溶液化学计算,确定了盐类矿物混合体系,如白钨矿-方解石、白钨矿-萤石、萤石-方解石、磷灰石-方解石等表面化学组成相互转化的临界pH值。采用俄歇电子能谱表面分析,证实了表面转化现象的存在。ξ-电位测定及浮选实验表明,在盐类矿物混合体系中,当表面转化发生时,矿物表面电性及浮选行为也发生转化,在不存在表面转化的pH区域,矿物溶解组分与浮选剂的沉淀反应及在矿物表面的竞争作用,将抑制矿物的浮选。据此,可控制并设计盐类矿物浮选分离条件。     

菱锌矿／方解石胺浮选溶液化学研究

通过ξ－电位测定、浮选实验和溶液化学计算，研究了菱锌矿／方解石／十二胺体系中的动电行为与浮选行为。结果表明，Ｎａ２Ｓ使菱锌矿ξ－电位更负，十二胺使菱锌矿和方解石ξ－电位更正．低ｐＨ值下，十二胺与碳酸根形成胺盐是其在菱锌矿和方解石表面吸附的主要机理；高ｐＨ值下，锌胺络合物的生成则是胺浮选菱锌矿的机理，由于溶解组分与矿物表面的相互作用，导致矿物表面转化，方解石在菱锌矿澄清液中的动电行为类似于菱锌矿的动电行为，且浮选受到活化；而菱锌矿在方解石澄清液中的浮选受到抑制。     

氢氧化物表面沉淀在石英浮选中的作用

采用ζ-电位测定、吸附量测定、浮选实验及溶液化学计算,研究了金属离子在石英表面的吸附行为及其对石英表面ζ-电位和浮选行为的影响。结果表明,表面金属氢氧化物沉淀是金属离子在石英表面吸附的活性组分。表面沉淀生成后,石英表面ζ-电位变正,变正的pH值CR2对应于表面沉淀生成的pH值(pH_s),随着pH值的增加,ζ-电位再次变负的pH值CR3对应于氢氧化物固体的PZC_e。用阴离子捕收剂浮选时,CR2≤pH≤CR3是金属离子起活化作用的有效pH范围。用阳离子捕收剂浮选时,则是起抑制作用的有效范围。     

氧化钼/CPC界面吸附层结构对浮选行为的影响

通过Zeta电位测试、吸附量测量、荧光探针及单矿物浮选研究氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)在氧化钼表面吸附过程及吸附层结构和其对矿物浮选行为的影响。研究结果表明:氧化钼在水溶液中的等电点为1.9,在pH 2~12之内荷负电,吡啶阳离子依靠静电作用及疏水缔合作用吸附;CPC的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为9.6×10~(-4) mol/L,吡啶阳离子与氧化钼表面的吸附作用符合"四区域模型",在吡啶捕收剂浓度低于临界半胶束浓度(CHC,约6.4×10~(-4) mol/L)时,主要靠静电作用吸附,之后碳链间的疏水缔合起主要作用,且CPC浓度在CHC附近时矿物表面疏水性最强。当吡啶捕收剂浓度过大时确实会导致矿物浮选回收率的下降,临界浓度十分接近吡啶捕收剂CHC。     

金属离子在氧化物矿物/水界面的吸附及浮选活化机理

本文评述了金属离子活化石英等矿物的-羟基络合物假说.从溶液化学的角度,考察了氧化物矿物/水界面特性、金属离子在界面的吸附及其对ζ-电位和浮选的影响.研究表明:金属离子对氧化矿浮选的活化作用,不能简单地归因子金属离子-羟基络合物的生成,在很多情况下,金属氢氧化物表面沉淀的生成起着更重要的作用.表面沉淀的形成受界面区域金属离子的活度、界面pH值及界面溶度积的控制.金属离子在氧化矿表面的吸附及其对氧化矿ζ-电位和浮选的影响,与表面沉淀的生成条件,有相对应的关系.     

阴阳离子捕收剂在长石与石英表面的吸附特性

采用单矿物浮选、ξ-电位和芘荧光探针,研究阳离子捕收剂十二胺(DDA)和阴离子捕收剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)在长石和石英表面的吸附特性.单矿物浮选结果表明:pH=2.0时,相同浓度的单一或混合捕收剂溶液中长石的表面疏水性要强于石英的表面疏水性,混合捕收剂中矿物表面疏水性比单一捕收剂中的强.ζ-电位测定结果表明:在阴/阳离子单一捕收剂中长石和石英ζ-电位分别向负方向和正方向移动;阴阳离子混合捕收剂摩尔比接近1:1时,pH在2.0、2.5和9.0时长石和石英各自ζ-电位相差不大.芘荧光探针分析结果表明:pH=2.0时,捕收剂在低浓度时通过静电作用零星吸附于矿物表面,矿物表面极性与捕收剂浓度呈负相关,当矿物表面形成胶束后,单一捕收剂溶液中矿物表面极性有所增强,而混合捕收剂溶液中矿物表面极性继续降低;在相同条件下的混合捕收剂溶液中矿物表面的疏水性比单一捕收剂强,且在矿物表面形成胶束浓度要比单一捕收剂低;整体而言,相同浓度条件下单一和混合捕收剂溶液中长石表面疏水性比石英的强.     

胺类捕收剂对铝硅矿物的浮选性能研究

通过浮选实验、动电位测定、红外光谱测试、结构／性能及量化计算，研究了十二胺、N，N-二甲基十二胺、N-十二烷基-1，3-丙二胺三种药剂的结构和物化性质，讨论了它们对高岭石、叶腊石和伊利石的表面电性及浮选行为的影响．结果表明：胺类化舍物易阳离子化，在铝硅矿物表面主要发生了静电吸附，多胺和叔胺在矿物表面吸附后，能显著改变矿物的ζ-电位；当药剂分子中引入亚氨基，药刑与矿物的氧键作用也变为明显；药剂所含N数越多、N上烃基越多，药剂的阳离子化趋势越强；基团电负性、浮选剂特性指数、水油平衡度和疏水链长等物化参数表明胺类捕收剂对铝硅酸盐类矿物捕收性能的决定因素是极性基的特性，而因为高岭石晶体的特殊性，疏水链长对其在微酸性、中性和微碱性条件下捕收有特别的影响；捕收矿物的能力为多胺〉叔胺〉脂肪伯胺；应用于铝土矿反浮选以N-十二烷基-1，3-丙二胺为最佳．     

铁离子和亚铁离子对滑石浮选的影响及作用机理

通过对滑石纯矿物的浮选实验和动电位的测试，结合水解金属离子溶液化学计算，研究铁离子和亚铁离子对滑石浮选的影响，并探讨其吸附机理。实验结果表明：在没有金属氢氧化物沉淀时溶液中存在的水解金属离子在滑石表面的吸附对滑石的非极性表面和极性端面产生不同的影响，使滑石ξ电位的符号由负变正，但滑石的天然可浮性不变；在金属氢氧化物沉淀的pH值与它的零电点之间，滑石的非极性表面变得亲水，导致滑石的浮选受到抑制。其疏水性的改变是由于在氢氧化物沉淀的pH值与它的零电点之间，在滑石的极性和非极性表面产生了氢氧化物沉淀的多相凝聚。     

硅藻土、钠长石及石英的可浮性研究

实验考察了十二胺对硅藻土、钠长石、石英的捕收能力.通过ζ-电位、红外光谱检测对十二胺与硅藻土、钠长石、石英的作用机理进行了分析.浮选实验结果表明,pH为5.5~10.5,十二胺浓度为2.38×10-4mol/L时,钠长石和石英单矿物浮选回收率分别在92%和97%以上,而硅藻土的回收率在5%以下.ζ-电位分析结果表明,pH为5.5~10.5时,十二胺在钠长石和石英表面的吸附明显强于在硅藻土表面的吸附,这与浮选结果一致.红外光谱分析结果表明,pH为5.5时,十二胺在硅藻土、钠长石、石英表面均存在物理吸附、氢键作用,且在硅藻土表面的吸附强度相对弱,导致其可浮性差.     

磨矿介质对典型硅酸盐矿物浮选的影响及机理

研究在湿式磨矿条件下,十二胺和油酸钠作为捕收剂时,锆球和铁球作为磨矿介质对典型硅酸盐矿物浮选的影响。通过对矿物表面动电位和X射线光电子能谱检测,分析磨矿介质对硅酸盐矿物浮选影响的机理。研究表明：十二胺作为捕收剂,低于最佳浮选pH值时,锆球湿磨锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石和石英的浮选回收率均高于铁球湿磨,pH值继续升高,锆球湿磨和铁球湿磨这四种硅酸盐矿物的浮选回收率相近；在pH值2~12范围内,锆球湿磨和铁球湿磨长石的浮选回收率相近；油酸钠作为捕收剂,相同pH值条件下,锆球湿磨锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石、长石和石英的浮选回收率大多低于铁球湿磨。检测结果表明：锆球湿磨时,低于最佳浮选pH值条件下,锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石和石英表面电位低于铁球湿磨,因而十二胺作为捕收剂时这四种矿物的浮选回收率高于铁球湿磨；铁球湿磨时,油酸钠作为捕收剂,锆英石、绿柱石、锂辉石、长石和石英表面Fe含量明显增加,对这五种矿物起到活化作用,因而浮选回收率高于锆球湿磨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-