含溴组份在阳离子交换膜中的扩散

本文就含溴组份在锌—溴电池所用全氟膜内的扩散进行了分析、研究。数学模型及平衡计算表明。B_r~-3为主要的扩散组份。通过测溴浓差电池的电势衰减速率,确定得扩散系数为10~(-8)cm~2/s级。本文指出了降低电池自放电速率应采取的措施,对锌—溴电池的设计和操作都具实际意义。     

对溴苯酚合成工艺

采用正交试验考察了反应物浓度、反应温度、溴滴加时间对直接溴化制备对溴苯酚产率和苯酚转化率的影响。适宜的工艺条件为：反应温度0℃，加料时间90min，溴与苯酚的摩尔比1.1，溴与溶剂的质量比为0.59，苯酚与溶剂的质量比为1.04。在上述条件下苯酚的转化率高达99.4%，对溴苯酚产率为96％,对邻比为85。反应产物经分离、提纯等工艺，产品的纯度达到98.5%。     

膦,胂叶立德的化学与应用XXVII.含全氟烷基磷叶立德？…

溴化（２－萘甲酰基）甲基三苯基（１）在无水碳酸钾存在下，以无水二氯甲烷作溶剂，室温下与２－全氟炔酸甲酯（２）反应。高产率地昝到加合产物４－（２－萘甲酰基）－２－三苯基膦基－３－丁烯酸甲酯（３）和４－（２－萘甲酰基）－４－三苯基膦基－３－全氟烷基－２－丁烯酸甲酯（４）．产物的结构经ＩＲ、ＭＳ、元素分析、＾１Ｈ和＾１９ＦＮＭＲ确定，并提出了生成产物的机理。     

溴代金刚烷生产尾气的回收及利用

用水吸收溴代金刚烷生产尾气，用红磷除去粗产品中较高含量的游离溴，生产合格的副产品氢溴酸，能满足一般的工业要求，再加入４，４‘－二氨基联苯，经蒸馏后，产品可达到进口氢溴酸质量标准。     

ABA型光敏性双亲嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以单分散的聚乙二醇和2-溴异丁酰溴为原料，通过酰溴化反应制备了一系列大分子引发剂，继而利用原子转移自由基聚合技术合成出了结构明确的ABA型光敏性双亲嵌段共聚物，并用红外光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计、核磁共振仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪等对产品的结构进行了表征，由于能吸收紫外光的肉桂酰基在聚合后得以保留，该聚合物具有一定的光敏性．最后，对聚合反应的规律进行了探讨，研究结果表明，该聚合过程具有原子转移自由基聚合的特征。     

高白度十溴二苯乙烷的工业规模生产工艺研究

采用过量溴化二苯乙烷法和新型催化剂,研究了阻燃剂十溴二苯乙烷的工业规模合成工艺.在58～60 ℃进行10～14 h的二苯乙烷溴化,粗产品经过8 h球磨后处理得到十溴二苯乙烷,白度达到88(L)以上.结果表明:催化剂用量为二苯乙烷用量的25%时,既提高了产品白度又降低了生产成本.该工艺产品其他性能指标和国外产品相同,具有良好的热稳定性和抗紫外线能力.     

4-全氟烷基-6-(α-噻吩基)-2-吡喃酮和4-(α-噻吩甲酰基)-3-全氟烷基-3-丁烯酸甲酯的简便合成

溴化（α－噻吩甲酰基）甲基三苯基钅米舛１在碳酸钾存在下，二氯甲烷为溶剂，室温与２－全氟炔酸甲酯２反应，高产率地得到加合产物——４－（α－噻吩甲酰基）－２－三苯基膦基－３－全氟烷基－３－丁烯酸甲酯３．加合产物３在９∶１甲醇－水中封管１４０℃或１８０℃加热一定时间，高产率地得到４－全氟烷基－６－（α－噻吩基）－２－吡喃酮４和４－（α－噻吩甲酰基）－３－全氟烷基－３－丁烯酸甲酯５．化合物５是一对Ｚ、Ｅ异构体．所有新化合物的结构都由波谱予以确定．本文对反应机理也作了推测．     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定电子电气产品中溴化阻燃剂

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定电子电气产品中溴化阻燃剂多溴联苯(PBBs)、多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的快速方法。样品经粉碎、超声萃取,用SCAN和SIM扫描,利用保留时间定性,质谱特征离子定量分析。结果表明:多溴联苯混标和多溴联苯醚混标的检出限、回收率和重复性都较好,方法检出限2 mg/kg,PBBs和PBDEs的回收率范围为80%～96%。本方法具有简便快速、灵敏度高、准确可靠等特点,符合对电子电气产品中塑料原料及部件中溴化阻燃剂的分析测试要求。     

用爆炸波起爆癸烷云雾的两种模式

用垂直激波管研究了400μm癸烷液滴与空气混合物的爆炸波起爆。每种混合物有两个极限起爆能值,即高值Ecu,和低值Ecl。当起爆能的值高于Ecu时,观察到100%发生爆轰;而当其低于Ecl时,就不会发生爆轰。有趣的是,当起爆能水平在Ecu和Ecl之间时观察到对应于不同的起爆能水平有不同的起爆行为。如实验结果所表明的,爆轰的激发不仅是由于直接起爆,而且也由于“爆燃”到爆轰的转变。     

环保阻燃剂溴化聚苯乙烯的合成研究

以聚苯乙烯为原料,以二氯乙烷为溶剂,自制氯化溴为溴化剂,合成溴化聚苯乙烯。主要研究了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数,得到了溴含量、色泽较好的小试产品,收率在90％以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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