低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣生成区域的研究

为了研究性能稳定的低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣,在测试传统的板坯连铸用高氟保护渣(F-≥3%)性能的基础上,采用单纯形法,设计了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-MgO-Li2O-TiO2-Na2O-MnO-B2O3渣系中满足保护渣组成条件的基本实验点.通过逐步固定各组分含量,将多维空间的渣系组成转化为二维平面网格.测试无氟渣样的熔点、黏度、转折温度、玻璃体比例及转折温度时的黏度,并作性能与组成关系的等值线图.通过比较高氟保护渣和无氟渣样性能,确定了碱度、熔点、黏度、转折温度较低,且凝固后呈玻璃体的低碳钢板坯连铸用无氟保护渣的三个生成区域,其中之一的典型成分的质量分数范围是:CaO31.2%,SiO236.8%,Al2O33%,Fe2O31%,MgO2%,Li2O2%,TiO26%,Na2O7%～12%,MnO3%～8%,B2O30～3%.     

Influence of Na2O on Properties of CaO-AI2O3 Slag

分析了向CaO-Al2O3基熔渣中添加Na2O对熔渣性能的影响,并比较了几种不同的添加剂对渣系黏度的影响.研究表明：w（CaO）/w（Al2O3）=1.1时,渣系中随着Na2O含量的增加,CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度先降低后升高,在Na2O质量分数为4%处出现极小值;Na2O的添加还会导致CaO-Al2O3渣系的熔化温度升高;Na2O,Li2O和MgO都可以降低CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度,其降低渣系黏度的能力由大到小依次为Li2O〉Na2O〉MgO.综合考虑Na2O对渣系黏度和熔化温度的影响,Na2O在CaO-Al2O3渣系中的加入量以不超过4%为宜.     

Na_2O对CaO-Al_2O_3基渣系性能的影响

分析了向CaO-Al2O3基熔渣中添加Na2O对熔渣性能的影响,并比较了几种不同的添加剂对渣系黏度的影响.研究表明:w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)=1.1时,渣系中随着Na2O含量的增加,CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度先降低后升高,在Na2O质量分数为4%处出现极小值;Na2O的添加还会导致CaO-Al2O3渣系的熔化温度升高;Na2O,Li2O和MgO都可以降低CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度,其降低渣系黏度的能力由大到小依次为Li2O>Na2O>MgO.综合考虑Na2O对渣系黏度和熔化温度的影响,Na2O在CaO-Al2O3渣系中的加入量以不超过4%为宜.     

BaO,B2O3对CaO基精炼渣熔化性能及脱硫能力的影响

在CaO基精炼渣中加入BaO和B2O3进行改质,对改质后的精炼渣进行熔化性能和脱硫性能的实验研究.结果表明,BaO可以降低精炼渣的熔点和粘度,有效地改善钢-渣反应的动力学条件,同时增强精炼渣的脱硫能力.当BaO含量为15%～25%时,脱硫率稳定在90%以上;而B2O3对精炼渣的脱硫率无明显影响,可取代CaF2作为助熔剂加入.     

结晶器保护渣结晶温度的影响因素

利用热丝法熔化温度测定仪研究了保护渣结晶温度的影响因素,得到各种成分对保护渣结晶温度的影响规律及影响程度·研究表明,随着碱度及渣中NaF和CaF2含量的增大,保护渣结晶温度逐渐升高;随着渣中Al2O3,MgO,Na2O,K2O,BaO,MnO,B2O3含量的增大,保护渣结晶温度逐渐降低;随着渣中Li2O含量的增大,保护渣结晶温度先降低,2%时结晶温度最低,而后逐渐升高·     

新型LF深脱硫精炼渣脱硫的实验研究

对在原渣系中加入不同质量分数的BaO、Li2O、B2O3和CaF2形成的新渣系,通过正交实验法进行脱硫实验分析。结果表明,对新渣系脱硫率影响从大到小依次是B2O3、Li2O、CaF2、BaO,加入添加剂之后的新渣系脱硫率都在80%以上;添加剂含量为w(BaO)=4%～6%、w(Li2O)=7%～10%、w(B2O3)=3%～4%和w(CaF2)≤3%时,渣系的脱硫效果最佳,实验室条件下能将钢中硫降至0.002%以内。     

连铸结晶器保护渣熔点影响因素的研究

以生产现场实际使用的连铸结晶器保护渣为研究对象,研究碱度、碱金属氧化物含量、Al2O3含量和F含量对保护渣熔点的影响.结果表明,保护渣熔点随Al2O3含量和碱度增大呈先略微降低后逐渐升高势态,随碱金属氧化物和F含量的增加呈先显著降低后趋于平缓趋势.     

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2渣系熔化性能实验

含钛炉渣的研究往往关注于其对炼铁的影响,较少涉及精炼渣应用.为完善前人研究,确定TiO2对精炼渣系熔点的影响和促进合钛废渣的资源化再利用,通过实验和Factsage理论计算对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2渣系的熔化性能进行了研究.实验以炉渣熔点为指标,考察了二元碱度、Al2O3和TiO2含量对渣系熔点的影响.3个因素的变化范围分别为:二元碱度4～7.9,Al2O3含量30％～45％和TiO2含量1％～7％.研究结果表明:二元碱度对渣系熔点的影响显著,其他因素的影响不显著;试验条件下该渣系最低熔点炉渣的二元碱度为6.6,Al2O3为35％和TiO2为5％,对应熔点为1 354℃;TiO2含量低于3％时,渣系液相区面积变化很小可以忽略,TiO2含量在3％～10％的范围,TiO2含量越高液相区面积越大.实验条件下该渣系的熔化性能能够满足炼钢精炼渣要求.     

B2O3对高铝钢连铸保护渣理化性能的影响

高铝钢连铸过程中,为了避免或减轻钢液中Al与保护渣中SiO2发生反应,设计了低SiO2、高Al2O3含量的高铝钢连铸保护渣,通过添加适量的酸性氧化物B2O3协调熔渣酸碱性,利用实验分析了B2O3含量对高铝钢保护渣熔融特性、黏度特性及渣膜传热特性的影响。结果表明,B2O3含量在4%～10%时,随着B2O3含量增加,保护渣熔化温度、黏度、黏流活化能均降低,渣膜热流密度增加;保护渣的等温转变曲线(TTT曲线)向孕育时间增加的方向移动,晶体生长速率降低;实验条件下,增加B2O3含量可抑制保护渣中CaF2的析出。     

精炼渣成分对高强度低合金钢中非金属夹杂物影响

采用渣钢平衡的实验方法研究了1600℃下不同碱度和不同Al2O3含量的强还原性精炼渣对高强度低合金钢中非金属夹杂物的影响.结果表明:渣钢反应平衡后,炉渣中CaO和SiO2的质量比为1.9～4.5、Al2O3质量分数为21%～33%,钢中夹杂物主要为球状的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系,尺寸在5μm以下,炉渣成分对夹杂物的成分影响很大.夹杂物主要分布在SiO2含量一定的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2伪三元相图中1 400～1 500℃的低熔点区,随着炉渣碱度的提高和Al2O3含量的降低,部分夹杂物逐渐偏离低熔点区域,夹杂物的总数量逐渐减小.当渣中Al2O3质量分数为21.22%、碱度为3.27时,有大量夹杂物分布在高熔点区域,夹杂物的总数量最小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.