船舶联合防污染系统的能效影响因素

为减少船舶联合防污染系统的电解电耗,通过实验研究电解电流和阴极电解液温度对电解电耗的影响.结果表明:槽电压随着电解电流增大而增大,但随着阴极电解液温度升高而降低;阴极电解液温度为60℃时,电解得到的氢氧化钠浓度最高,同时,电解过程的电流效率最高,电解电耗最小.     

电槽零极距改造的技术及意义

为了降低成本,获得更高的利润,改进技术是非常有效的办法。随着离子膜电解工艺技术的日趋完善及操作水平、管理水平的不断提高,节能降耗的途径主要集中在电解槽结构、材质的改进以及膜性能的提高等方面,以获得较高的电流效率和低的槽电压。缩短电极间的距离,减少电极间溶液的电压能使槽电压降低电耗,有效降低成本。这也是目前氯碱行业普遍采用的方式。     

工艺条件对电积法制备铜粉的影响

采用不溶阳极电积法制备铜粉,研究了Cu2+质量浓度、硫酸质量浓度、电流密度、电解液温度和刮粉周期对电积过程和铜粉中位粒径的影响.结果表明:优化工艺为Cu2+质量浓度15 g.L-1、硫酸质量浓度140 g.L-1条件下,控制电流密度为1 800 A.m-2、温度为35℃、刮粉周期为30min、循环流量为14 L.h-1以及极距为4.5 cm,可得到高品质的铜粉,其粒度呈正态分布,微观形貌呈树枝状;增加铜离子质量浓度、硫酸质量浓度和电解液温度有利于降低槽电压;增加Cu2+质量浓度、电解液温度和刮粉周期有利于提高电流效率;大电流密度、高硫酸质量浓度和低Cu2+质量浓度有利于得到粉末粒度小的铜粉.     

Zn(Ⅱ)-NH_3-NH_4Cl-H_2O体系电积锌工艺及阳极反应机理

考察了Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）ＮＨ３ＮＨ４ＣｌＨ２Ｏ体系电积锌过程中温度、电流密度、锌浓度对槽电压和电流效率的影响．发现电流密度和温度对槽电压影响显著．用正交试验确定最佳工艺参数为：温度５０℃,电流密度４００Ａ·ｍ－２．在保证电流效率大于９０％的前提下,电解母液中锌浓度可降到１０ｇ·Ｌ－１以下．电能消耗２４６０ｋＷ·ｈ·ｔ－１锌,氨耗０．２５４ｔ·ｔ－１锌．另外,查明了阳极反应为析氮反应,而不是析氧反应．开发Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）ＮＨ３ＮＨ４ＣｌＨ２Ｏ体系电积锌的新工艺对铸锌渣,湿法炼锌除铁渣等含氯或铁高的锌物料以及氧化锌矿的回收利用具有重大意义     

含砷低品位硫化铜矿生物堆浸工业试验

福建紫金山含砷低品位硫化铜矿年产300tCu和1000tCu生物堆浸工业试验结果表明:铜浸出率随着矿石粒度的减小而提高,矿石粒度为-30mm,浸出周期为270d,铜的浸出率达到80.58%;铜萃取率和电积电流效率随着浸出液pH值的降低和电积液中铁的质量浓度的增加而降低,当浸出液pH值下降到1.19时,铜萃取率下降到了50%;通过增加堆高、定期中和萃余液、增加负载有机相洗涤和活性炭+沙滤+气浮塔脱除电积原液中有机物等工艺改进后,降低了萃取剂、煤油和电能的消耗量,提高了铜的浸出速率,浸出周期为200d,铜浸出率为81.31%,铜萃取--电积的耗电量为2679.98kW.h.t-1,高纯阴极铜生产成本1.05万元.t-1.     

电解制备过硫酸铵所用阳离子交换膜的实验研究

不同槽电压与电解液流量条件下,对HDGN膜、HDCMI膜、HDNAF膜与HDJCM膜4种全氟磺酸型阳离子交换膜在电解制备过硫酸铵中的电解性能进行实验研究,以提高其电流效率并降低电耗。实验采用自制电解槽,以烧结镀铂钛极板作为阳极,铅锑锡合金作为阴极,实验结果表明：在最优工况下HDGN膜可以将电流效率提高至95％,电耗降低至1 113 kW·h/t（生产每t过硫酸铵的电耗）;HDCMI膜、HDNAF膜与HDJCM膜的最高电流效率分别可以达到73%、78%与81%,所对应的最低电耗分别为1 770 kW·h/t、1 506 kW·h/t与1 305 kW·h/t。并且HDGN膜由于含有增强网布,从而具备足够的机械强度。因此,在电解制备过硫酸铵生产过程中HDGN膜具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

电沉积铅电极的制备及用于电还原CO_2制甲酸

为增加电极的活性面积,采用两步电沉积制备具有高活性面积的铅电极.先以铜棒为基质恒电位氢气泡模板法沉积多孔铜层,再以多孔铜层为基质电沉积铅.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明铅为立方结构,扫描电镜(SEM)显示四方柱状铅粒均匀沉积在多孔铜层的孔壁上,呈现三维多孔形貌.电沉积铅电极用于CO2电还原反应,循环伏安(CV)测试结果表明,其比普通铅片电极具有更正的起峰电位和更高的电流密度.在施加电位为-1.7,V(相对饱和甘汞电极)、KHCO3电解液浓度为0.3,mol/L时,生成甲酸的最高电流效率达到92%.对CO2电还原过程影响因素的研究表明:在低电流密度区,随电流密度的增加,生成甲酸的电流效率和速率都增加;在高电流密度区,随电流密度增加,生成甲酸的速率增加,而生成甲酸电流效率逐渐降低.时长为1 h的CO2电还原反应中,产物甲酸的电流效率逐渐降低,对比反应前后电沉积铅电极的XRD谱图和SEM图发现,铅仍为立方结构,而形貌发生显著变化,铅由四方柱状变为层状覆盖在多孔铜层颗粒的表面.电极的活性面积减小是甲酸电流效率降低的主要原因.     

氨氮和有机杂质对锌电积过程的影响

以硫酸锌-硫酸溶液模拟兰坪氧化锌矿反萃液,考察氨氮及有机杂质如260溶剂油和β-二酮对锌电积过程电流效率和电锌质量的影响。实验结果表明:氨氮对锌电积过程中电流效率和电锌质量基本无影响,而有机杂质260溶剂油和β-二酮影响较大。     

硫化钠浓度对锑电积电流效率影响的探讨

本文根据热力学和电极过程动力学的观点,分析了Na_2S及NaOH浓度对锑电积电流效率的影响,得到了下列结论:(1)提高NaOH浓度及降低Na_2S浓度均可以使SbS_3~(3-)离子和S~(2-)离子被氧化的趋势变小,因而有利于提高电流效率;(2)降低Na_2S浓度可以防止氢气析出,同样,也有利于提高电流效率。     

研究在电积锌时附加物对电流效率的影响

一序论锌电解工厂的主要经济定额(电能效率,产品成本)任很大程度上决定于电流效率,因此工厂中非常注意电流效率的提高,但电流效率被决定于下列两个因素:即(1)电积时在阴极表面上氢离子和锌离子沉积的速度。(2)已在阴极表面上折出锌的被侵蚀速度;即重溶解速度。许多学者已经确定:在电解液中;即使存在少量正电位比锌高的金属(如铜、钴、镉等)离     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-