水下航行器声通讯安装结构涡流噪声分析

孔腔及凸体作为水下航行器表面的常见结构，其产生的涡流噪声对搭载在水下航行器上的声学仪器的信号精度有不容忽视的影响．根据水下航行器上搭载的声通讯调制解调器安装结构抽象出几何模型，即孔腔、凸体组合结构，采用LES—Lighthill等效声源法对该孔腔、凸体组合结构的流场及声场进行仿真，通过分析不同模型的流动机制及涡流噪声特性，指出了凸体高度对涡流噪声的影响．研究表明，凸体高度与孔腔深度相等时，产生的涡流噪声最小．研究成果为水下航行器声通讯安装结构的设计提供了依据．     

广义相关时延估计算法的自适应实现形式

认为广义相关时延估计算法的缺陷是依赖对输入信号及噪声先验知识,特别是对其功率谱的了解,而在实际应用中,往往缺乏这种先验知识,只能以估计值来代替,从而影响时延估计精度,自适应滤波器一般只需要很少或根本不需要任何关于输入信号和噪声的先验知识且性能良好,若用自适应滤波器替代广义相关法中的预滤波器就可放松或免除对输入信号和附加噪声的条件限制,提高时延估计的精度,广义相关时延估计算法时域中的预滤波器就是其频域中的权函数,从理论上证明了,任何一个广义相关权函数,都能够变换成一个或几个Roth处理器的组合形式,实际上,Roth处理器就是自适应滤波器实现的,能对原始带噪信号做最优化估计的维纳滤波器,从而实现了自适应广义相关时延估计算法。     

广义相关时延估计算法的自适应实现形式

认为广义相关时延估计算法的缺陷是依赖对输入信号及噪声先验知识 ,特别是对其功率谱的了解 ,而在实际应用中 ,往往缺乏这种先验知识 ,只能以估计值来代替 ,从而影响时延估计精度 .自适应滤波器一般只需要很少或根本不需要任何关于输入信号和噪声的先验知识且性能良好 ,若用自适应滤波器替代广义相关法中的预滤波器就可放松或免除对输入信号和附加噪声的条件限制 ,提高时延估计的精度 ,广义相关时延估计算法时域中的预滤波器就是其频域中的权函数 .从理论上证明了 ,任何一个广义相关权函数 ,都能够变换成一个或几个 Roth处理器的组合形式 .实际上 ,Roth处理器就是自适应滤波器实现的、能对原始带噪信号做最优化估计的维纳滤波器 ,从而实现了自适应广义相关时延估计算法 .     

基于四阵元基站的水下航行器自定位方法

随着智慧海洋理念的普及和人工智能技术的发展，自主水下机器人、水下滑翔机等水下航行器在海洋科学调查、资源勘测和信息获取方面取得了重大进展，为了满足小型低成本水下航行器智能感知、自主作业的实际需求，同时降低其自主定位成本，设计并实现了一种基于海底四阵元基阵的自定位方法．首先，针对水声信道的复杂性，设计了具有时频特征明显、高峰值功率的声学频率梳信号作为传输信号，仿真实验证明该信号具有可靠的稳定性和抗噪性；其次，结合倒置的超短基线定位原理，设计了布放在已知参考点的四阵元基站，各阵元发出相互正交的声频梳信号，水下航行器在基阵声学作用范围内接收各个阵元混叠的声学频率梳信号，利用匹配滤波法对各信号单程飞行时间进行粗测；最后，针对声学频率梳的时域和频域特性，推导了接收信号与飞行时间的关系，利用相关分析法对各信号单程飞行时间进行精测，进而获取航行器与基站坐标轴阵元的测距和测向结果，结合倒置的超短基线定位方法，实现航行器的位置实时解算．水下实验结果表明，本方法复用率高、可操作性强，水下航行器只需携带单个接收信标即可完成定位计算，进一步降低了成本和系统复杂度．同时，也证明了声频梳信号的高可靠性，可在水下航行...     

广义二次相关时延估计算法改进

在基于TDOA的声源定位算法中时延估计的精确度是关键,时延估计极小的误差也会导致定位结果的偏离,因此为了提高声源定位的精度,必须对时延进行准确的估计.传统的广义互相关时延估计方法是通过添加相应的加权函数来提高语音信号中的有效成分,从而提高时延估计的精度.然而现实中声学环境非常复杂,在较低信噪比的情况下,传统广义互相关时延估计法的性能开始下降,导致时延估计误差变大.针对这一问题提出了一种基于二次相关的广义互相关时延估计改进算法,该方法首先通过滤波器对接收到的音频信号进行滤波,再利用二次相关抑制了噪声对信号的干扰,然后对加权函数进行改进,提高时延估计精度.最后计算机仿真实验表明,无论在低信噪比还是在高信噪比甚至是弱混响的环境下,该方法都获得了较好的时延估计性能.     

增采样时延估计被动声音定位方法

针对传统的基于广义互相关时延估计的平面五元十字阵被动声音定位算法定位精度低的问题,提出了运用增加采样的时延估计被动声音定位方法,对低采样率采得的信号进行内插,增加采样后再进行五元几何定位。Matlab定位仿真实验结果显示,相同采样率下,改进后的算法平均定位误差仅为传统TDOA算法的1/14,由此表明该方法较大地提高了广义互相关时延估计被动声音定位算法的精度。     

复杂耦合系统的统计能量分析及其应用

文章综合导纳分析法、经典统计能量分析方法和经典功率流理论的各自优点，提出适合复杂耦合系统的统计能量分析方法，为研究实际机械结构之间的振动传递规律、复杂机械系统的声辐射特性提供理论依据，为实际工程结构的振动隔离、噪声治理提供理论指导。文章首次提出统计能量分析参数必须统一定义，将影响实际机械结构相互之间能量传递的若干要素各自分离，并引入相应的参数分别开展研究。利用理论研究的成果，发展后的统计能量分析首次应用于水下航行器振动和噪声特性分析，预报了水下航行器的振动传递规律和辐射噪声级。理论分析与实验测试结果符合较     

广义相关时延估计方法在漏水检测定位中的应用

广义相关时间延迟估计是解决时间延迟估计的重要方法.文章分析了应用广义相关时延估计方法处理管道泄漏噪声信号时间延迟估计问题.研究了广义相关时延估计方法在管道泄漏信号时延估计应用中的关键技术.计算机仿真结果表明广义相关时延估计方法可以有效的应用于管道漏检测定位中.     

基于矢量水听器的水下战武器二维弹道测量研究

 水下弹道测量是水下战武器试验的重要内容。本文基于矢量水听器测量水中目标航行噪声,利用矢量水听器测向原理,经过数字信号处理器对矢量信号进行分析处理,得出武器水下航行的二维弹道轨迹。介绍矢量水听器测量原理和矢量浮标阵纯方位定位原理。通过实验室消声水池测试对矢量水听器声压与振速相位差进行修正,利用湖上试验对矢量水听器的测向误差进行修正。采用DGPS水面定位与水下水声定位相结合的方法,研制了水下战武器二维弹道测量系统,介绍测量系统的3个主要组成部分及其主要功能,并在海上实际试验中验证了基于矢量水听器的水下武器弹道测量方法先进可行、实时性强、测量精度高、使用方便,可以满足实际使用要求。     

机动目标被动声定位仿真研究

针对基于时延估计的空中机动目标定位与跟踪的算法仿真问题,提出一种以时变时延信号产生算法为基础的仿真方法.该算法利用FIR滤波器线性相位特性,使模拟的目标信号通过时变FIR滤波器产生相对输入信号有时变时延的输出信号.在考虑了目标的机动、干扰信号、环境噪声以及信噪比后构造出模拟的阵列接收信号,通过定位算法得到目标方位.仿真表明该方法能较好地完成对基于时延估计的被动声定位算法的评估,并具有广泛的适用性和实用性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.